The prostate is a walnut-sized gland that produces fluid to help transport sperm in men. A prostate biopsy involves inserting a needle into the prostate to obtain tissue samples. The procedure is performed by a urologist and is relatively safe. However, the procedure can cause complications.
Reasons for a Biopsy
Prostate cancer is the most-diagnosed cancer in men, according to radiologyinfo.org. If an initial test, such as a prostate-specific antigen blood test or digital rectal exam, indicates the possibility of cancer, your doctor will want you to have a biopsy.
Infection
According to the Mayo Clinic, infection is the most common complication of a prostate biopsy. In addition to infection of the prostate, the biopsy procedure can also cause a urinary tract infection in rare cases.
Bleeding
Bleeding at the biopsy site is common after the procedure, and up to half of men also notice blood in their sperm. The Mayo Clinic says both of these situations are normal and not cause for concern unless the bleeding is heavy.
Urinary Retention
Some men may have trouble urinating after a prostate biopsy. This is usually a minor complication that resolves itself; however, in rare cases, it may be severe enough to require a catheter.
Pain
To access the prostate, the doctor must go in either through the rectum or, less commonly, through the penis or perineum. This can cause slight pain during the procedure and soreness afterward. This is not cause for concern unless the pain is severe.
Warning
The Mayo Clinic advises that you should call your doctor right away if you experience any of the following after a prostate biopsy: severe pain; heavy, prolonged bleeding; fever; difficulty or pain urinating; or discharge from your penis.
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