A mammogram (a comprehensive breast X-ray) is the standard tool to screen for breast cancer. An abnormal mammogram, while frightening, does not necessarily mean you have breast cancer.
How Accurate is a Mammogram?
Mammograms are accurate but have several limitations. In the context of abnormal mammograms, note that mammograms have a high false-positive rate; between 55 and 75 percent of abnormal mammograms turn out to be of a benign nature.
What is an Abnormal Mammogram?
An abnormal mammogram shows an area (or areas) in the breast that may not be healthy. However, an abnormal mammogram alone does not prove the presence of cancer; further tests are needed to confirm or deny any suspicion of a malignancy.
What Else Can Cause An Abnormal Mammogram?
There are several benign, non-cancerous conditions that can look abnormal in a mammogram, such as breast cysts (sacs filled with fluid) or very fibrous breasts. Previous breast surgery, such as breast reduction, can also cause an abnormal appearance on a mammogram.
What Happens Next?
Depending on your age and the type of abnormality the mammogram shows, you may need additional tests that can include an ultrasound exam, a diagnostic mammogram, an MRI or a biopsy. (A biopsy is the removal of some tissue and cells from the abnormal area that are then checked under a microscope by a specialist.)
Screening vs. Diagnostic Mammogram
A screening mammogram is routinely recommended for all women 40 years of age and older. A diagnostic mammogram is performed to get additional data on a suspicious area of the breast.
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