A pilonidal cyst refers to a defect in the sacral region (tailbone) that can contain hair, skin and tissue, according to the Mayo Clinic. The cyst can be harmless or it can become infected and cause pain, swelling, and fluid drainage. Pilonidal cysts occur most in young white men with an increased amount of hair in the sacral region (Reference 2)
Symptoms
The symptoms of a pilonidal cyst include pain and swelling over the tailbone area, and pus (fluid-like substance) leaking from the area. Call your doctor if you have these symptoms.
Population
According to the Mayo Clinic, pilonidal cysts are found in more men than women. They occur most commonly in people between the ages of 15 to 24, although any age can be affected.
Cause
Pilonidal cysts are congenital (present at birth) or acquired. According to the Mayo Clinic, disruption of loose hair on the tailbone through trauma or friction (rubbing the skin or wearing tight clothing) can lead to pilonidal cysts.If loose hair penetrates the skin, the body sees the hair as a foreign object and starts to attack it. This results in a pilonidal cyst.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for pilonidal cyst include family history, tailbone injury, obesity, and increased hair and sweating in the tailbone area.
Treatment
According to the Mayo Clinic, the first treatment for an infected pilonidal cyst includes incision (cutting) and drainage by a doctor. If the pilonidal cyst remains infected, surgery is necessary.
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