Cloud seeding
may help solve the drought problems, but it also has consequences.
Rain is a vital source of water for many people around the world, particularly farmers. Some areas of the globe suffer long periods of drought that kill crops and lead to horrific famines. One scientific technique that researchers are using to solve the drought crisis is cloud seeding. Cloud seeding is a procedure that uses a chemical dispersed into the sky to form rain clouds. There are several positive and negative aspects to cloud seeding.
Explanation of the Process
Cloud seeding starts with a chemical. This chemical is usually silver iodine. It has a crystal structure that is similar to water ice. When silver iodine is dispersed into clouds, it causes the water droplets in the clouds to undergo nucleation, which causes supercooling, ice crystal formation and spontaneous development of clouds. This can also be done with other chemicals, such as frozen carbon dioxide, propane and calcium chloride. The chemical is introduced to the atmosphere by aircraft or by projectiles, which shoot the chemical into the sky.
Pros
The primary positive result of cloud seeding is that is can potentially produce rain in areas that desperately need water. This result has several positives of its own. Increased rainfall may allow food crops to grow in areas that normally cannot support crops. This can prevent famine in and bring economic prosperity to developing countries. Increased rainfall may also make certain normally dry areas more hospitable for tourists, which is also economically beneficial to these areas.
Cons
Several potential drawbacks to cloud seeding exist. Because the process requires placing chemicals in the air, the most immediate concern is how those chemicals will affect the plants and animals below. Silver iodine is not known to cause any serious adverse effects on the health of plants and animals, but several organizations are researching its long-term effects. Also, the cost of cloud seeding is a concern, because it can be very expensive to fly the chemicals and release them into the air. Lastly, controlling the amount of rainfall is a problem because cloud seeding could potentially lead to flooding in some areas.
Other Information on Cloud Seeding
Vincent Schaefer, an atmospheric scientist, is credited with inventing the process for cloud seeding in the 1940s, along with contributions from Bernard Vonnegut. Cloud seeding is used heavily in China, to provide water to dry places and to mitigate the large amounts of air pollution in the country. It is also used in the United States to prevent drought, alter harmful weather events during storm seasons and provide snow for ski resorts.
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