Innovative Ideas In Healthcare

Doctors and patients today benefit from years of innovative ideas.

One of mankind's greatest assets is his capacity to identify with another's suffering and want to help him. Man is unique among the animals in his ability to care for the sick and injured to help heal them, as opposed to simply letting nature run its course. A number of ideas have helped advance health care through innovative new ways of delivering aid to the most needy and ways of diagnosing injuries and treating ailments

Vaccinations

Vaccines have saved an uncountable number of lives by preventing illnesses that were once death sentences to those who contracted them. The idea of preventing an illness by infecting a healthy individual with that same illness is almost entirely counter-intuitive. However, In 1796, Dr. Jenner, an English physician, became the first man of science to systematically test an idea that had previously been merely folk wisdom: that individuals who became sick with a weaker form of smallpox, cowpox, never suffered from smallpox. His testing proved that folk wisdom correct and led to the development of vaccines. This bolstered an individual's immune system against a disease by exposing it to a weakened form of that disease.

X-Ray Diagnostics

Radiologic imaging literally allows doctors to see inside the living human body. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides doctors with levels of detail that doctors in the early 20th century could only have dreamed of, the first of these imaging techniques was the X-ray. This technique was developed by Marie Curie in 1914 to adapt the purely scientific research she and her husband performed in earlier years on radioactive materials to the need for doctors in World War I to see inside their patients' bodies. Sadly, her research that went on to save so many lives ended up costing her own life in 1934. Her lifetime of working with radioactive materials contributed to her developing leukemia.

Organ Transplants

When a machine breaks, a mechanic replaces the appropriate parts so it starts ticking again. Applying the same idea to the machine known as the human body may seem macabre; history has shown it to be effective and to have saved countless lives that would otherwise have been lost. This idea became a reality in 1954, when Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. David Hume performed the first successful kidney transplant in Boston.

The Red Cross

Just as humans can devise increasingly effective ways of saving each other's lives, they are just as capable of using that ingenuity to advance the art of inflicting harm on one another. The development of the Red Cross sought to bring a measure of humanity to the inhumanity of battlefields. The first instance of organization was founded in 1863 in Switzerland as a result of the humanitarian outrage towards the suffering and maltreatment of wounded soldiers on the battlefield that Henry Dunant witnessed and wrote about. He sought to simply treat and care for the wounded, no matter whose uniform they were wearing. His humanitarian writings led to the formation of the Red Cross. This organization grew from a battlefield organization to an international force that cares for the sick and needy all around the world.

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Virginia Medicare Benefits

Fifty-two percent of Virginia's Medicare beneficiaries have Part D.

Virginia had more than one million Medicare beneficiaries as of May 2010, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Medicare offers affordable health insurance for seniors and comes in four parts. Parts A and B, Original Medicare, are generally bought from the federal government, but Part C, also called Medicare Advantage, allows you to get your Part A and B benefits from private insurance companies. Part D only covers prescription drugs. The federal government controls Original Medicare but Virginia's Medicare Advantage and Part D plans are sold by local service areas and are overseen by the Virginia Bureau of Insurance.

Original Medicare

Original Medicare is standardized and offers the same benefits no matter where you live. Part A has benefits for home health services, hospice care and inpatient hospitalizations, while Part B covers outpatient services, vaccinations, doctor visits and preventive care. Part A is premium-free if you have paid 10 years of Medicare taxes, but does come with copays and deductibles. Part B does have monthly premiums as well as other out-of-pocket costs. Once they approach the age of 65, Virginia residents can sign up for Part A and/or Part B Medicare through their local Social Security Administration office. A list of Virginia Social Security offices is available at the Social Security Online website.

Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage, Part C Medicare, is sold in Virginia as private fee-for-services plans, HMO plans and PPO plans. PFFS policies work like traditional health insurance policies. You can see any doctor who takes your plan and usually have to submit your insurance claims yourself. Premiums are higher than for other Medicare Advantage plans but you have free choice of health care providers. HMO policies have lower copays and premiums, but you are required to choose a primary care physician and see only health care providers that are part of your insurance company's network. PPOs generally offer lower costs if you stay in their networks. You are allowed to go outside the network, but you will pay higher fees. Most Virginia MA policies are sold by county, but as of 2011, the Humana Choice PPO was available across the state.

Part D

Medicare Part D helps to cover the costs of prescription medications. But not all Part D plans cover the same prescriptions. Copays and monthly premiums differ by plan and by company. As of 2011, Virginia had 44 different Medicare Part D plans available to residents. These include the Humana Walmart-Preferred Rx, the AARP MedicareRx Preferred, the Bravo Rx and the Aetna Medicare Rx Premier.

Virginia Dual Eligibles

Low-income Medicare users may be able to receive help paying their out-of-pocket costs through Virginia's Medicare Savings Programs. Medicare users who meet certain income and asset limitations may receive help paying premiums, copays or deductibles, depending on which program they qualify for. There are three basic categories of Medicare Savings Programs in Virginia: Qualified Medicare Beneficiary, Specified Low-Income Beneficiary and Qualified Individual. Qualified Medicare Beneficiaries receive the most help but have the lowest maximum asset and income limits. Qualified Individuals have the highest income limit but receive help only for paying the Part B premium.

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Health Insurance Companies With Maternity Coverage

Health Insurance Companies With Maternity Coverage

Unless coverage is provided through a group health plan, maternity insurance is difficult to obtain. In the individual market, coverage is virtually impossible to obtain after the onset of a pregnancy, and very few companies offer coverage as additional benefit to a health insurance plan. Though coverage may be available through Medicaid or through state-sponsored programs.

Time Insurance

Time Insurance, which operates under the marketing brand name of Assurant Health, offers an option for maternity coverage on all its policies at the time of application. If the policyholder elects the coverage, an additional amount is added to the monthly premium. Coverage is provided throughout the pregnancy up until delivery after the payment of a deductible. Once the deductible is met, the policy pays 100 percent of the medical costs. Discounts are also available when using network providers during the deductible period.

United Healthcare

United Healthcare provides maternity coverage up to a maximum benefit amount, which is chosen by the policyholder when the policy is applied for. No benefits are available during the first year the policy is in force, which eliminated the possibility of having to cover a preexisting condition. When the policyholder becomes pregnant, she notifies the company so that benefits commence. There is no deductible requirement and 100 percent of all related expenses are paid until the maximum benefit is paid out by the company.

Utah Maternity Insurance

Some states may offer insurance programs for pregnant women. For example, Utah Maternity Insurance is the Internet arm of that state's Health Insurance Office and is a health insurance broker that represents several insurance companies. It offers supplemental maternity insurance designed to fill the gaps in an insured's current health insurance plan. People who have medical insurance with a maternity deductible of at least $5,000 can purchase maternity coverage that will help cover expenses until the deductible is met.

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Myopic Degeneration Treatment

Myopic degeneration is a hereditary deformation of the eye that causes dramatically blurred vision or complete blindness. It is a severe form of simple myopia, which describes the common near-sightedness present in many people. Some treatments may be able to prevent degenerative myopia or reverse its effects.

Incidence

Myopic degeneration is more common among certain demographics, namely Middle Eastern, Chinese and Japanese individuals. It most commonly presents itself during early adolescence, although it can begin at birth.

Symptoms

When a patient suffers from this condition, she often experiences blurry vision and increased sensitivity to light.

Cause

Myopic degeneration is caused by the thinning, stretching and deformation of the sclera. The sclera is the white of the eye, providing protection and structure to the delicate inner workings of the eye. When the sclera weakens due to inherited degenerative myopia, important structures such as the macula and retina may become damaged.

Surgical Treatment

To reinforce the protective sclera and therefore reduce myopic degeneration, an ophthalmologist may perform a procedure called scleral bucking. This process involves inserting a supportive strap into the back of the eye, strengthening the sclera. This has been shown to prevent further vision loss and, anecdotally, to even slightly restore the patient's vision. This surgery is still fairly new and may not be right for every patient with this condition. An ophthalmologist will determine whether or not scleral buckling is safe and beneficial for a particular patient.

Medical Treatment

Studies have shown that a regimen of a chemical called 7-methylxanthine can strengthen the sclera and therefore stem myopic degeneration. This medicine increases the presence and density of collagen in the sclera, rebuilding the strength necessary for protecting the structures of the eye. This treatment is most effective when applied as early as possible during the onset of the condition.

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Salary Range For The Head Of Radiology Department In A Hospital

Diagnostic imaging is an important component of health care.

Radiologists are involved with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries through the use of X-ray technology and radioactive substances. The duties of the head of the radiology department in a hospital, also known as a radiology director, may vary depending on the institution, but typically involve supervision of the staff, equipment, technical operations and procedural protocols of the department. Salary levels for the head of radiology may be based upon a number of factors including job location and experience.

Base Salary

According to Salary.com the base salary for a radiology director ranged from approximately $97,000 to $129,000 as of March 2010. The lowest 10 percent of radiology directors earned less than $85,000 while the top 10 percent received in excess of $144,000. Salary.com pegs the median annual base salary for U.S radiology directors at $112,118.

Benefits

Base salary is the largest component of a radiology director's total compensation, accounting for approximately 73 percent of income. Radiology directors at many hospitals may also expect a cash bonus averaging 1 percent of their base salary, according to Salary.com. Additional compensation comes in the form of employer contributions to government and private retirement programs, health and disability insurance, and paid time off.

Geography

Geographic location plays a significant role in the income of a radiology director, according to PayScale.com. As of March 2010 radiology directors working at hospitals in California averaged between approximately $90,000 and $125,000 while those working in Louisiana and North Carolina earned between approximately $60,000 and $81,000.

Time Frame

The salary of the head of radiology may be significantly affected by her time on the job. According to PayScale.com, as of March 2010, radiology directors with at least five years of experience could expect to earn at least 25 percent more than those with less than five years on the job.

Considerations

According to the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for radiologists is expected to increase faster than the average for all occupations between 2008 and 2018. The BLS notes that employment opportunities for radiologists tend to fluctuate by location. Those who are able to relocate may have better job prospects than those who are tied to a particular region.

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Veterinary Radiology Training

Board-certified veterinary radiologists use advanced imaging technology to diagnose animal diseases.

A veterinary radiologist is a veterinarian who is board certified in imaging technologies used to scan and diagnose animals' internal organs, tissues and bones for disease or other anomalies. The radiologist is trained to use X-ray, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear scans and other non-invasive imaging technologies. The average annual salary for vets is about $90,000. With the additional radiology expertise, the annual income can be significantly more.

High School Prep

High schools students planning to be veterinarians need to take as much science and math as possible.

Becoming a veterinarian is a long journey that generally includes four years of undergraduate study, five or six semesters of veterinary school and a three-year residency requirement. It is a significant commitment and one that should not be entered into lightly. According to a pre-veterinary advisor at Colorado State University, high school students should take as much science and math as possible. CSU suggests two or three years of high school chemistry, biology or physics, three or four years of math and four years of English, all of which form the foundation of pre-veterinary studies in college.

Pre-Veterinary Studies

Pre-veterinary programs are rigorous and heavily weighted with science and math.

As with many universities, North Dakota State University pre-veterinary medicine program is not a degree program; however, students in the three-year program are encouraged to seek degrees in areas related to veterinary medicine such as animal science, veterinary technology, zoology and other science-based studies. NDSU's recommended curriculum for pre-vet students is weighted with biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics with a good cross-section of other areas such as biochemistry, zoology and microbiology. The university has contractual agreements with seven states to allow North Dakota pre-veterinary students to enroll in the vet schools at in-state tuition rates.

Veterinary School

Veterinary school lays the ground work for veterinary radiology.

Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, which only accepts 12 percent of its applicants annually, has a prescribed curriculum for students seeking to become veterinarians. During five semesters, students study two semesters of animal normality, two semesters of animal abnormality and a semester of intervention and prevention. All veterinary coursework lends itself to veterinary radiology since understanding of animal anatomy, physiology and the diseases that impact them is absolutely essential to radiology coursework.

Residency Programs

Radiology residency programs are generally three years long and require a great deal of time and effort to complete.

Colorado State University's fully-accredited, three-year residency program for veterinary radiologists covers large and small animal radiology and five forms of radiology including ultrasound, radiation therapy, magnetic resonance, tomography and nuclear medicine. Residents must enroll in a graduate program to earn a master's degree and the college covers tuition for nine credits per semester and requires residents to publish two papers on their specialty while in residence. Residents research, teach and fulfill clinical duties that rotate between large and small animal radiology while using all forms of available radiology technologies. The residents earn $32,500 annually.

Radiological Continuing Education

Veterinary radiologists need to continue their education given the rapidly changing technology with which they work.

While veterinary radiologists are skilled and well-trained, the technology with which they work is rapidly evolving in all aspects of radiology. Consequently, ongoing education is a must. The American Association of Veterinary Radiologists urges its members to stay abreast of the latest imaging protocols and many universities, veterinary conferences and online sites offer radiology continuing education courses to help keep radiologists' skills current.

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Veterans Millennium Health Care Benefits Act

The Veterans Millennium Health Care and Benefits Act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in November of 1999. The bill was designed to improve the care and benefits received by military veterans in the United States. In his statement at the signing of the bill, Clinton said the legislation "is especially significant for its approach in the provision of enhanced extended-care services to veterans." The bill passed both houses of Congress unanimously.

Long-term care

The law requires that the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) place top priority on nursing home care for the most seriously disabled veterans and those veterans with disabilities related to their military service. Other veterans are required to provide co-payments, based on their ability to pay, with a portion of their funds supporting expanded long-term care benefits for all veterans. The law also requires access for those enrolled in VA health care to such services as geriatric care and adult day care.

New opportunities

The Veterans Millennium Health Care and Benefits Act expanded the number of ways that military retirees can receive health care services at the expense of the Department of Defense, according to Clinton's signing statement. For instance, it expanded eligibility for veterans to be reimbursed for emergency care visits when VA or other federal health care facilities were not an option.

Substance Abuse and Sexual Trauma

The law extended and expanded the power of the Department of Veterans Affairs to offer health care services to victims of sexual trauma, according to Clinton's signing statement. In addition, the law increased the number of active duty members of the military able to access substance abuse treatment programs that were offered through the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Revenues

The law expanded the ability of the VA to raise revenues from the veterans it serves, including raising the price of co-payments for certain services and products. In particular, it allowed for increasing the amount of co-payments on prescription drugs and on certain costly items, such as hearing aids, when the need for the product was not tied directly to an injury suffered in the military service.

Other changes

The Veterans Millennium Health Care and Benefits Act included some provisions not apparently connected to health care. Those changes include an extension of the authority of the VA to provide grants to homeless veterans and changing the criteria for providing grants for the renovation or construction of veterans' homes.

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Therapeutic Ultrasound Information

Therapeutic Ultrasound Information

Therapeutic ultrasound is widely used in conjunction with exercise for rehabilitation. Because of the portability of the machine, the low cost, and the ease of use by the provider, ultrasound can be an effective tool for physical therapy.

Definiton

A therapeutic ultrasound unit emits sound waves at a very high frequency through the tissue and muscle, and causes vibrations. These vibrations are believed to slightly heat the tissues and promote healing.

Therapeutic vs. Diagnostic

A therapeutic ultrasound unit emits sound waves continuously through the transducer. A diagnostic ultrasound (sonograph) uses a pulsed wave where the sound beam is emitted, then pauses while the transducer receives the return wave. This is how an image (a sonogram) is formed on a diagnostic ultrasound. A therapeutic ultrasound unit will not produce an image.

Indications

Therapeutic ultrasounds are used for sports injuries, especially shoulder or hip injuries, arthritis and tendinitis.

Benefits

Adding ultrasound to a therapy regimen can speed healing, and relax muscles prior to a physical therapy workout.

Risks

Ultrasound poses very little risk since no radiation is involved. Therapeutic ultrasound is a form of deep heating, and should not be used on a pregnant uterus.

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Venipuncture Procedures

Venipuncture Procedures

Identification

Before venipuncture can be performed, the patient's identity will be verified by their name, birth date, and last four digits of his social security number. This ensures both that the blood is being drawn from the correct person, as well as that results get returned to the correct person after they have been sent to the lab.

Positioning

Once the patient's identity has been verified, the patient's arm will be extended to create a straight line running from her wrist to shoulder. This will allow the best access to select a vein for venipuncture.

Vein Selection

Blood is almost exclusively drawn from the veins and never an artery due to the increase in pressure behind an arterial bloodstream. It is important to avoid taking blood from any burned, scared or bruised areas. If an IV is present, the area of the vein should be below the IV, and never above it.

Tourniquet

Next, a tourniquet is applied three to four inches above the area in which the blood will be drawn. A tourniquet is a piece of material that is tightly wound around the arm to temporarily block the blood flow out of the major veins. This will help make the veins more prominent in the arm, creating an easier stick. A tourniquet should never be applied for more than one minute.

Cleansing

Next, the venipuncture site will be thoroughly cleaned with at least a 70 percent alcohol swab. This will be done in a circular motion moving from the inside of the venipuncture area outwards. The skin should be allowed to fully dry before the needle is inserted. Wet alcohol can create an uncomfortable and unnecessary burning sensation for the patient.

Process

After the area has been cleansed, the appropriate needle will be attached to the hub. A finger will be placed below the puncture site to pull the skin tight. Using a quick but smooth motion the needle will be pushed into the vein. The vacutainer is then placed into the hub of the needle allowing the blood to flow into the container. Vacutainers are test tubes specifically designed for venipuncture. Once the vacutainer is full, it will then be removed from the hub.

Finishing

Before removing a needle, a gauze pad will carefully be placed over the needle to immediately stop the flow of blood once the needle has been removed. Once the bleeding has stopped, a fresh gauze will be placed over the wound and held in place by tape. All blood sample tubes will be labeled as well as initialed.

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What Does It Take To Be An Xray Technician

An X-ray technician works under the supervision of a radiologist.

An X-ray technician -- also referred to as a radiologic technician -- is a medical practitioner responsible for imaging procedures requested by a patient's physician or surgeon. She receives a request for an image of an internal structure of the patient's body, explains the procedure to the patient and uses electromagnetic radiation to create an image. This image is transferred to acetate or video screen for a physician to use in diagnosis or to check the efficacy of a treatment.

High School

The first step in becoming an X-ray technician is a good grade point average in high school. Mathematics and the sciences are especialy important subjects for aspiring X-ray technicians.

X-ray Course

Programs in radiologic technology can last from one to four years. Most one-year courses are designed for nurses or other medical professionals who wish to change careers or extend their training. The two-year programs are the most common and lead to an associate's degree. These are taken either at a hospital or a college. Four years of study leads to a bachelor's degree. Whichever route a candidate chooses, it is advisable to attend a program accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JCERT).

License

Given the potential hazards associated with using radiation, most states require an X-ray technician who has passed a training program to apply for a license. As of 2011, 38 states across the country required a practitioner to have a license. The precise requirements for gaining a license vary among states, but most will require a candidate to take a written examination in radiologic technology and undergo continuing education to maintain the license.

Certification

If a candidate has passed a JCERT-accredited course, he can apply for registration with the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Such certification is voluntary and not required by law to practice as an X-ray technician, but the ARRT is considered the standardbearer for training in the field, so certification may enhance a technician's employment prospects. Candidates must take a written examination to qualify for certification.

Career

An X-ray technician usually finds employment in hospitals, surgical clinics, outpatient care centers or other medical institution. He may also find opportunities within medical and diagnostic laboratories, research and development services, or the private offices of physicians. To advance his career, an X-ray technician may wish to undertake training in other imaging technologies, such as magnetic resonance imagine and computer tomography.

Working Environment

An X-ray technician can expect to work a standard 40-hour week, and may be asked to fulfill a certain number of on-call emergency hours. A certain level of physical fitness is required as some patients may be disabled and require help to position themselves correctly for the X-ray procedure. Any risks to the technician from exposure to radiation are minimal given her training and the stringent safety procedures a radiology department must follow.

Personal Qualities

An X-ray technician, besides the specialized knowledge and technological training required to perform the role, must be a good communicator with excellent interpersonal skills. She may have to deal with distressed patients, and the ability to explain procedures clearly and put an individual at ease will be invaluable. She should also be organized and methodical, both in conducting procedures and keeping medical records. She will also need to work as part of a team.

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Federal Health Insurance Coverage Laws

Federal laws help regulate health care protection for individuals.

Federal health insurance laws regulate health care insurance providers, mandating coverage for certain benefits or limiting premiums for businesses who choose to offer employee coverage. In addition, laws have been established to allow individuals to keep their coverage when switching health plans.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects millions of Americans, by providing continuity of insurance coverage through portability. The law limits exclusions concerning preexisting medical conditions; prohibits discrimination in enrollment and in premiums pertaining to health status-related factors for employees and their dependents; and gives individuals the right to enroll in new coverage when previous health care lapses, or when they get married or add dependents.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act

For individuals with pensions and health plans in the private sector, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) sets minimum standards of protection under federal law. ERISA requires health plans to establish grievance and appeals procedures, provide important information about plan features and funding, outline fiduciary responsibilities for those who control and maintain plan assets, and allow the right to sue for benefits and breaches over fiduciary duty. The Act does not provide for group health plans overseen or established by government agencies, and churches for their employees; nor does it cover plans outside the United States, among other things, according to the U.S. Department of Labor.

The Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act

The Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act governs insurance coverage for women who have undergone a mastectomy for breast cancer. The law provides that coverage include all stages of breast reconstruction where the mastectomy was performed, any reconstruction or surgery pertaining to the second breast to provide a symmetrical appearance, and treatment of physical complications from the mastectomy surgery and prosthesis. The law covers individuals who receive mastectomies without the cancer diagnosis if the group plan covers mastectomies. The law does not require any minimum hospital stays.

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Guidelines For Nurse Staffing

When a nurse manager is hiring and scheduling nurses, he follows a unit-specific nurse staffing standard to guide his decisions. Staffing standards are typically specific to the type of patients cared for on a unit. A nurse in an intensive care unit (ICU), for example, may be assigned to one or two patients while her colleague on the pediatric floor may have four to six patients.

History

The Joint Commission, the nationally recognized accrediting body for hospitals, has long identified nursing staffing standards for particular nursing units. In some states, the agency responsible for health care licensing also sets unit-specific standards. In 1996, the Institute of Medicine issued a landmark report recommending that hospitals identify appropriate nurse-patient ratios for specific nursing units to make sure patients received quality health care. In 1999, California was the first state to establish minimum nurse-patient ratios for specific categories of nursing units.

Workload Measurement

When developing a guideline for nurse staffing by hours per patient day (HPPD), a nurse leader will determine how long it takes to provide all of the care for an average patient on a specific nursing unit. He may use an evidence-based commercial system, hire a consultant or do internal studies of actual nursing care. The HPPD will vary significantly depending on the patient population served.

Acuity

To establish an appropriate nurse-patient ratio for a nursing unit, a nurse leader will research accreditation requirements and state-specific staffing standards. In California, for example, the minimum nurse-patient ratio on a telemetry unit caring for cardiac patients is 1:5. She can then look closely at patient acuity, a measurement that reflects how sick the patients are, and come up with a ratio.

Nurse Satisfaction

Lower nurse staffing standards are associated with job dissatisfaction for nurses, as well as nursing burnout. When a nurse is not happy with her work situation and feels her workload is too great to allow her to provide quality care, she is more likely to leave the hospital. This turnover of experienced nurses negatively impacts patient satisfaction and outcomes. The cycle continues unless steps are taken to address nurse staffing standards.

Impact

According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, hospitals with low staffing levels are more likely to have poor patient outcomes. Studies have shown medical patients in hospitals with high RN staffing levels are 4 to 12 percent less likely to develop urinary tract infections. Another study showed that, for every patient added to a nurse's workload, the risk of a post-operative patient dying within 30 days of admission goes up 7 percent.

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What Is The Salary Range For A Mineralogist

A mineralogist is a type of scientist who specializes in the classification of minerals and other precious stones. The nature of the work varies according to location, and for this reason travel is often required. However, depending on qualifications, a mineralogist has the potential to earn a decent salary.

Job Description

Mineralogists observe and classify minerals, gems and precious stones on the basis of structure and surface characteristics. They conduct chemical tests and take X-rays in an attempt to determine the specimen's composition and other physical properties. Mineralogists evaluate this data and theorize about the origin of certain minerals while simultaneously trying to discover new mineral resources.

Work Environment

Many mineralogists are employed by universities, where they either teach or conduct research. A smaller percentage works at the U.S. Geological Survey or state geological surveys. Others find employment at national laboratories or work as curators in natural history museums. Depending on their employer, mineralogists split time between an office setting and outdoors in the field. It is not unheard of for them to travel to remote locations by helicopter or even by foot. Also, their work sometimes takes them overseas, making job relocation a common occurrence.

Education

Aspiring mineralogists must earn, at a minimum, a bachelor's degree, though most will pursue postgraduate work. Because many mineralogists are employed in the research or teaching sector, a doctorate is a popular option.

Salary Range

The average salary of a mineralogist in the United States is $67,470, though this number varies according to location, experience, extent of higher education and employment setting. The entry level salary typically falls in the vicinity of $36,580 yearly, while maximum earnings of $133,310 have been reported.

Job Outlook

Employment opportunities for mineralogists are projected to grow 22 percent--much faster than average for all occupations--from 2006 to 2016. Graduates who possess a master's degree will see the best job prospects because opportunities will be limited for those holding only a bachelor's degree. Furthermore, PhDs are expected to face stiff competition for research and college-level teaching positions. A great deal of job opportunities are anticipated to arise because older mineralogists are either retiring or abandoning the field.

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Post Breast Cancer Surgery Guidelines

How long a patient remains in the hospital after surgery for breast cancer will determine the amount of post-surgery care will be required at home. Going home with stitches and drains is not uncommon, and they will need to be cared for until they are removed. Hospital health care providers will help with demonstrations and written instructions.

Incision Care

Nurses and other health care providers will care for the incisions that were made during the breast cancer surgery while the patient is still hospitalized. If one can watch while these procedures are being performed, this will help upon the return home. The hospital will either provide supplies or a list of supplies to be purchased before discharge, as well as written instructions.

Caring for the incisions at home includes either cleaning them or leaving them alone, depending on the instructions, applying medication, and changing the dressings.

Gentleness is the key to doing anything to the incisions. Only mild rubbing or patting motions should be used, both in cleaning and drying, and medication applied with a soft applicator, such as a cotton swab. Adhesive holding bandages in place should be gently patted onto the skin, rather than a hard rubbing motion.

Drain Care

Drains that are removing fluid from the breast cancer surgery site are often left in place upon discharge, and may not be removed for another week or longer. Instructions and demonstrations will be given to the patient and anyone who will be helping with home care on clear the drainage tubes, empty the receptacles, and measure the fluid.

There are different ways to strip or clear the drainage tubes. One way is to hold the tube between the thumb and forefinger with one hand, and use the opposite thumb and forefinger to gently push the fluid down the drainage tube. The thumbs and forefingers are repositioned as the fluid recedes until the tube is clear.

A ballpoint pen or other hard round object can also be used to clear the drainage tube. The thumb and forefinger hold the tube while the pen or object is slid downward a short ways. The procedure is repeated until the tube is clear.

The top of the drain receptacle is opened, usually by flipping up, and the fluid is emptied. If the fluid needs to be measured, it can be poured into a measuring cup and the amount noted. If not, the fluid can simply be poured out.

Activity Level

How you feel after breast cancer surgery will depend on how active you will want to be. Paying attention to what your body is feeling will help you to determine how much activity you can attempt. A feeling of tiredness or sleepiness is a signal that it is time to rest.

Walking for short distances and then increasing the distance can be done several times a day. Pairing a walking session with a time when you are already standing, such as when going to or from the table for meals or to and from the bathroom, is a good way to encourage yourself to get active.

As healing from breast cancer surgery progresses, activity can be increased. The health care professional will give advice on how much can be accomplished and when.

Post-Op Visit for Stitch/Drain Removal

Several visits may be required before all the stitches and drains are removed, as some areas will heal faster, and other areas will stop draining fluids before others will. Someone will need to handle driving responsibilities until all stitches and drains have been removed.

Drain removal may be uncomfortable, as there is quite a bit of tubing inside the incisions. Many patients choose to take pain medication a half-hour to an hour before the drain removal, which makes the procedure more tolerable.

When To Consult A Doctor

Fever above 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit, extreme pain, heavy bleeding and draining fluid with a foul odor should be reported immediately to the doctor. In addition, any signs of infection, such as pronounced redness or tenderness, and the presence of pus around a drainage opening site or any of the incision sites should be reported immediately.

Difficulty breathing, any change in heartbeat or severe chest pains, and pains in the lower leg should also be reported immediately.

Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer surgery, cancer surgery, clear drainage, health care, reported immediately

Use Therapeutic Ultrasound

Therapeutic ultrasound is used to heal soft tissue damage in joints and tendons. Sports injuries and arthritis are treated with ultrasound to relieve inflammation and promote blood flow. Your doctor or physical therapist administers ultrasound therapy treatments.

Instructions

1. See your doctor if you experience pain and inflammation in joints and soft tissue. Your doctor examines the painful areas and determines if therapeutic ultrasound is right for you.

2. Lie on a table as your doctor applies a hypoallergenic gel to the painful areas. Your doctor glides a wand from the ultrasound machine over the gel. High frequency sound waves produced by the machine enter the body through the wand.

3. Continue to lie on the table for 3 to 5 minutes as sound waves generate a thermal or warm effect on injured tissues. Increased temperature in injured tissues reduces pain and stiffness by relaxing muscles.

4. Get treatments two to three times a week. Treatment sessions vary depending on the severity of tissue damage.

Tags: injured tissues, painful areas, soft tissue, sound waves, tissue damage

Vaginal Dryness & Bleeding After Menopause

Episodes of bleeding after the onset of menopause, otherwise known as post menopausal bleeding (PMB), are not unusual, nor are they signs of serious problems necessarily. Changes that occur in a woman's body at this time can present symptoms that result in minor temporary bleeding from the vagina and most often are related to the endometrial lining of the uterus. Only about 20% of women who experience PMB have symptoms of more serious problems.

Causes of PMB

According to J. Glenn Bradley, MD in most cases, vaginal bleeding is caused by hormone replacement therapies, which are commonly prescribed for post menopausal women due to changes in hormone production that occur as a result of menopause. Hormone imbalances, especially between levels of estrogen and progesterone, affect the uterine lining (endometrium), which can become sensitive and irritated by imbalances, resulting in occasional bleeding. A lack of sufficient estrogen that causes atrophy of the uterine lining will result in blood vessels becoming fragile and bleeding.

Other Causes of PMB

Unusual growths in the uterus, such as polyps and fibroids, can also cause vaginal bleeding. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists polyps are the more common of these two growths and normally will only result in spotting or light, intermittent bleeding. Fibroid growth, however, will cause heavier vaginal bleeding due to their affect on the uterine lining. Endometrial hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the uterine lining, will cause heavier bleeding and can result in cancerous cell growth if left untreated.

Vaginal Dryness Associated with Menopause

The changes that take place during post menopause may also lead to a drying out of the lining of the vagina. Hormonal imbalances, especially related to a lack of estrogen, can cause the mucosal lining of the vagina to become thin, dry and less flexible. According to Abimbola Famuyide M.B.B.S tissue within the vagina will then become more vulnerable to inflammation and breakdown, often leading to episodes of bleeding. Sexual intercourse or a pelvic exam may also lead to vaginal bleeding associated with menopausal changes.

Diagnosis of PMB and Vaginal Dryness

Concerns about PMB can be addressed by tracking cycles of spotting, staining, or bleeding episodes. Information as to when bleeding occurs, how long it lasts and the frequency of bleeding will be helpful in clinical diagnosis, as well as any steroids or hormones that are taken. A doctor may perform a pelvic exam and a PAP test, as well as look for indications of polyp growth or signs of vaginal atrophy that may be causing bleeding.

Further Examination

Follow-up examinations may be needed if more serious symptoms of bleeding are present. A biopsy of the uterine lining and possibly the cervix will be done in an outpatient procedure. A dilation and curettage (D and C) procedure may be prescribed to examine more thoroughly the condition of the uterus and the endometrium. If these tests do not readily indicate the cause of bleeding, an ultrasound procedure may be ordered to get a more extensive picture of the condition of the uterus.

Tags: uterine lining, vaginal bleeding, Vaginal Dryness, affect uterine, affect uterine lining

Scan Medical Documents

Doctor's offices have moved from paper charts to the electronic medical record (EMR) approach. Once this system is in place, many often wonder get the paperwork that is already in paper charts into the electronic medical record.

Instructions

1. Open the electronic medical record system or EMR. Once this is open, go into the patient's electronic chart. Type in the patient's last name, reading through the names and then clicking the name of the patient you want. If there are several patients with the same last name, you have the option of using the date of birth or Social Security number. Once selected, open the patient's chart. You will then click on "scan documents." Most EMR software will have its own scanning system built in.

2. Place the paperwork into the scanner. Click the "scan" button on the electronic medical record chart that is shown on the computer screen. The scanner will begin to scan the paperwork. Once the paperwork is scanned, it will appear on the computer screen.

3. Assign the paperwork. A particular tab must be selected for the scanned paperwork. Examples are "insurance cards," "progress reports" and "lab results." Click the proper tab located on the electronic medical record for your patient, and your paperwork will now be found under this electronic tab in your patient's electronic medical record.

4. Store the hard copy documents, either off-site or in files if hard copies are still used in the office.

Tags: electronic medical, electronic medical record, medical record, computer screen, last name, Once this

Diagnostic Medical Sonography Requirements

Ultrasound technologists must take several specialized college courses.

Ultrasound sonographers typically complete several core classes in the life sciences as well as specialized courses focusing on ultrasound technology. Many colleges offer accredited programs that lead to an associate of applied science or bachelor of science degree in the sonography. Some also provide certificate programs for students who already have a degree in some other area of science.

Human Anatomy and Physiology

A two semester study of basic human anatomy and physiology provides students with knowledge of the basic physical structures internally and externally of the human body as well as an overview of system functions. Students must learn and name the physical structures in a battery of exams, often involving dissection of a mammal in which they identify the anatomical parts to a professor orally. The physiology portion of the course involves learning about the basic system functions of the human body including the nervous system, circulatory system, digestive system and others. A firm grasp on these concepts is necessary for success as an ultrasound technician.

Chemistry and Physics

Those pursuing a degree and career in ultrasound technology must successfully complete classes in basic physical sciences to properly prepare for an upper level course of study focusing on sonography. Theoretical and practical sonography concepts tie in closely with physics and chemistry. In basic inorganic chemistry, students learn about the periodic tables, balance chemical equations and gain practical experience with these matters in a laboratory environment. Basic physics courses focus on the relationship between natural physical law and the behavior of objects and processes affected by that law. A firm foundation in higher math such as algebra and geometry fosters success in these classes.

Introduction to Sonography

An introductory course imparts lessons about the role of sonographers in the medical field and the moral and ethical principles associated with the role. The class also focuses on medical terminology and prepares students to properly communicate with patients.

Obstetric and Gynecological Sonography

This course focuses specifically on the region of the female pelvis containing reproductive organs. Students learn proper imaging techniques for this specific area as well as spot abnormalities. Terminology specific to obstetrics and gynecology is also taught in this course.

Ultrasound Physics

The basic, intermediate and advanced courses teach students about acoustical physics and waves and their effects on human tissue. Students learn how ultrasound transmission through soft tissues produces images that aid in diagnosis.

Abdominopelvic Sonography

Students learn to locate and identify anatomical and physiological cross-sections within the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The class also teaches them proper scanning techniques for these sections and choose transduction equipment for the procedures.

Advanced Sonography Practices

This upper level course focuses on emerging sonography technology as well as including special topics and guest lecturers. Students learn about various specializations and advanced certifications available within the field.

Other Considerations

There are multiple paths of entry into diagnostic medical sonography. Formal education in sonography, training at hospitals, vocational-technical institutions or the armed forces, or a combination of these are accepted by employers.

"No states require licensure in diagnostic medical sonography," according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. "However, sonographers may become credentialed by one of the professional certifying bodies. Most employers prefer to hire registered sonographers because it provides an objective measure of an individual's professional standing."

Tags: Students learn, basic physical, class also, course focuses, diagnostic medical sonography

What Is A Ultrasound Tech

Short for ultrasound technician, an ultrasound tech, or sonographer, is the medical professional that operates the ultrasound machine. An ultrasound tech uses the machine to obtain images of the inside of the body to assist doctors in diagnosing medical images, assisting surgeons during surgeries, and to monitor fetal growth.

Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the ultrasound tech are to record relevant medical history, keep track of patient records, adjust and maintain equipment, assist patients in preparation for the procedure and explain what will occur during the ultrasound, operate the ultrasound machine and retrieve ideal images for the physicians by communicating with the patient on move, and ensuring that obtained images are delivered to the appropriate doctors. Ultrasound techs alternate between small medical offices may also be responsible for keeping track of how many ultrasounds they perform, on what part of the body, the patients' names, and patient insurance information.

Earnings

In 2002, the average annual income of an ultrasound tech was $48,660. Becoming an ultrasound technician means having the potential to bring in more than $66,680 yearly like the top 10 percent of earners in 2002. Ultrasound technicians working in physician's offices earned an average of approximately $2,500 more than technicians employed at hospitals.

Educational and Training Requirements

Two or four year programs in ultrasound technology, or diagnostic medical sonography, are usually required before an ultrasound technician may work in a hospital or doctor's office. Additional training at a hospital, vocational school, or in the armed forces can aid applicants in being hired as ultrasound techs. Many online schools offer courses of study or even degree programs in ultrasound technology. Online schooling is usually coupled with volunteer ultrasound work at a hospital or doctor's office in order to ensure that the student is properly versed in the art before being hired.

Beneficial Skills

Being a people person and knowing calmly configure complex equipment and manage stress are skills and personal talents that would assist a person in a job as an ultrasound tech. Physical stamina to lift, turn, and assist patients of all sizes while they are on the ultrasound table is also a beneficial skill for the job. Having a good sense of humor and ability to make patients feel comfortable and easily direct them in moving while on the bed, can make the job less stressful and also earn the ultrasound tech a great reputation with patients and physicians, allowing the potential for bonuses and pay raises.

Outlook

Jobs in the medical field always have good outlooks because the need for medical professionals will be present until the end of time. As the baby boomer generation is aging and in need of more medical attention, ultrasound technicians and the need for ultrasound techs are expected to grow.

Tags: ultrasound tech, ultrasound technician, assist patients, being hired, doctor office

Pregnancy After Breast Cancer Treatment

Women who have survived breast cancer and are considering becoming pregnant should consult with a doctor to discuss how their fertility could be affected by previous cancer treatments, the risks associated with pregnancy after cancer and the risk of cancer recurrence.

Time Frame

According to the American Cancer Society, many doctors advise women who have successfully completed breast cancer treatment to wait two years before becoming pregnant; there is a link between increased estrogen levels, such as while pregnant, and the growth of breast cancer cells.

Considerations

While there is no proof that receiving cancer treatment and recovering from breast cancer prior to becoming pregnant will have any adverse effects on a baby, chemotherapy can cause damage and have a negative effect on the ovaries.

Effects

Because some cancer treatments can damage internal organs and due to the amount of time needed to complete breast cancer treatment, a woman may be less likely to conceive after receiving treatment for breast cancer.

Frozen Embryos or Eggs

Women who are concerned with their future fertility and the possibility of being unable to conceive after receiving breast cancer treatment can choose to freeze their embryos or eggs before treatment begins.

Warning

Since the stress of pregnancy can lead to serious health problems, even death, for a woman if cancer treatment has damaged her heart or lungs, a breast cancer survivor should consult with an obstetrician who specializes in high-risk pregnancies before trying to conceive.

Tags: breast cancer, breast cancer, cancer treatment, becoming pregnant, after receiving, breast cancer treatment, cancer treatments

What Does Ldl Mean

Doughnuts are often high in low-density lipoprotein.

LDL, also known as low-density lipoprotein, is a type of cholesterol in the body. Low-density lipoprotein collects in the arteries, causing heart disease, heart attack and stroke. LDL is also known as "bad cholesterol."

Significance

Low-density lipoprotein enters the bloodstream when an individual eats foods that are high in saturated fat, including processed baked goods, fatty cuts of meat and foods that contain trans fats, vegetable oil and lard.

Function

There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein. High-density lipoprotein removes the low-density lipoprotein that has collected in the bloodstream and brings it back to the liver so it can be used to build cells.

Identification

A doctor can determine how much LDL is present in the blood by administering a cholesterol test. The American Heart Association suggests a reading of less than 100 mg/dL is optimal.

Prevention/Solution

Avoid foods containing excess saturated fat and trans fats, and raise your intake of HDL cholesterol, which is present in whole grains like oatmeal, salmon and albacore tuna.

Expert Insight

According to the American Heart Association, age, high blood pressure, smoking and family history along with LDL and HDL cholesterol levels determine an individual's risk for heart disease.

Tags: low-density lipoprotein, also known, American Heart, American Heart Association, foods that, Heart Association

Country Craft Booth Decorating Ideas

Decorate your craft booth to entice shoppers.

Craft shows, fairs, farmers' markets and similar environments offer crafters an opportunity to show and sell their creative items. Decorate indoor or outdoor craft booths in a variety of ways. Entice people to stop by your booth by arranging the items in an attractive and easy-to-view way.

Country-style Signs

Use homemade signs that fit in with the theme. Incorporate old signs from dairy farms, country businesses or even streets. For instance, pair an old faded sign that says "Highway 12" with a repainted sign that says "Quilter's Lane." Paint a country sign on old barn siding, fence pieces or old wooden crates. Quilt, applique or cross-stitch cloth signs and place them in old picture frames.

Backdrops

Crafters who attend many shows often use decorated backdrops. Paint a country scene mural on a piece of plywood. Cover a cork board with country-printed fabric. Put a picket fence across the back of the craft booth. Hang old buckets, lanterns, baskets or grapevines from the fence. Cover plywood or cardboard with country-patterned wallpaper.

Shelf and Table Coverings

Cover old shelves with adhesive-backed paper or wallpaper for an easy set-up idea. Old quilts or quilt-patterned fabric, printed tablecloths and country curtains work well as coverings for tables and shelves. Place burlap bags and cotton kitchen towels--especially those printed with old-fashioned brand designs--around the booth to cover partial tables, shelves or smaller display stands.

Incorporate Antiques

Old milk cans, milking stools, country crates and barrels add a country look to a craft booth. Old kids' wagons, rocking chairs, kitchen chairs, wagon wheels and fence posts can enhance a booth and entice shoppers. Be sure to put a "not for sale" sign on display items.

Lighting Ideas

Hang battery-operated, oil-type lamps around the booth. Purchase decorative patio lights in tractor, old truck, farm animals or other country shapes. String lights where they will provide decorative lighting, yet not cause an accident or get broken by shoppers. Make luminary lights from old lampshades, buckets, baskets, or antique hat boxes. Place battery-operated candles in the luminaries.

Match the Season

Accentuate old-fashioned seasonal crafts with matching decorations. An old scarecrow, a Christmas tree, plastic Easter eggs hanging along a wall or holiday-printed fabric on shelves can highlight a seasonal theme. Display framed pictures or magazine covers that fit the theme. Hang up Halloween costumes from long ago, or old pairs of ice skates. Place old-time brooms, cornstalks or bushel baskets of leaves in the corners of the booth.

Tags: booth entice, booth entice shoppers, craft booth, entice shoppers, Paint country

Grants For Athletic Facilities

Organizations give grants to build fields across America.

Playing on regulation and well-kept fields adds to the sports experience. Unfortunately, many areas have run-down fields--or are without any at all. Many programs, however, provide grants to build and spruce up existing facilities.

Baseball Tomorrow Fund

The joint initiative between Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association annually gives grants to promote youth baseball and softball programs worldwide. The grants are flexible to meet the needs of the community, including buying or upgrading fields.

Diamondbacks Foundation

The Arizona Diamondbacks major-league baseball team sponsor a "Diamonds Back" Youth Field Building Program, in which grants are given to build or refurbish youth baseball fields across the state.

NFL Grassroots Program

Through its Youth Football Fund Grassroots Program, the National Football League provides grants to nonprofit, local organizations such as Pop Warner youth football to improve the accessibility, quality and safety of neighborhood football fields.

Tony Hawk Foundation

Skateboarder Tony Hawk's foundation gives grants to help build top-shelf, public skate parks in low-income areas across the country.

U.S. Soccer Foundation

The U.S. Soccer Foundation awards Field Grants that aid in building and fixing up fields, from designing fields from scratch to adding lights.

Tags: fields across, fields from, gives grants, grants build, Grassroots Program, League Baseball, Major League

Causes Of Rapid Weight Loss In Cats

Rapid feline weight loss may indicate a serious medical problem.

Keeping your cat healthy means feeding it a balanced, nutritious diet. A cat that receives proper care and nutrients should maintain its body weight. If you feed your cat high-quality food and it suffers from rapid weight loss, take it to a veterinarian for a checkup as soon as possible. It's possible that the animal is suffering from a serious medical condition.

Feline Hyperthyroidism

Feline hyperthyroidism stems from overactive thyroid glands. The illness is most common in older cats, with the majority of affected cats over the age of 10, according to the Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. In addition to rapid weight loss, key signs of feline hyperthyroidism include a dull or unkempt coat, an increase in appetite, restlessness, increased thirst and urination, vomiting, weakness and problems breathing. If your cat has hyperthyroidism, it may need anti-thyroid medications for the rest of its life. In some cases, cats with hyperthyroidism need surgery or treatment with radioactive iodine.

Diabetes Mellitus

Cats develop diabetes mellitus when their bodies either cannot produce or cannot use insulin. The disease occurs most often in older male cats. Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine website attributes diabetes-related rapid weight loss to the breaking down of protein and fat for energy. This occurs when a cat's body receives insufficient insulin. A cat who eats often yet loses weight, drinks more water than normal and urinates frequently may have this disease, which is either insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent. Treatment often requires injections of insulin, oral medications or a special diet.

Feline Leukemia Virus

An infectious virus causes feline leukemia, or FeLV. Feces, saliva, urine, blood and mucus may all contain the virus. Most cats become infected through bites from an infected cat, according to the University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The group claims that 30 percent of exposed cats cannot fight off FeLV, and become permanently infected. Most of these cats die within a few years. The main symptoms of FeLV are rapid weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, eye infections and anemia. Treatment for feline leukemia focuses on treating the cat's symptoms, since there are no specific treatments or cure for the disease itself. There are, however, vaccines for cats that are not yet infected.

Tags: weight loss, rapid weight, cats with, College Veterinary, College Veterinary Medicine, hyperthyroidism need, rapid weight loss

Radiography Schools In Colorado

Ten Colorado schools teach you to read films

Radiography---also called radiologic technology---is a form of diagnostic imaging. Radiologic technologists train in physics and anatomy to create diagnostic images such as x-rays, according to Colorado's Memorial Health System. Although Colorado does not have any schools that teach just radiography, the Colorado Society of Radiologic Technologists notes that there are ten schools in Colorado that offer radiologic technology programs as part of their health sciences offerings.

Mesa State College

Mesa State College is a four-year college offering two-year and four-year degrees in radiologic technology. Its two-year radiography program awards graduates with an associate degree in applied science and prepares them to work as registered radiologic technologists. Mesa State's two-year program features 27 credit hours in classroom learning, balanced by 28 credit hours in clinical radiography experiences. Coursework includes radiation biology, digital imaging, anatomy and pathology. The four-year bachelor's degree program allows registered radiologic technologists to advance and specialize their training by studying computed tomography, MRI technology, mammography and cardiovascular imaging.

Mesa State College

1100 North Avenue

Grand Junction, CO 81501

970-248-1398

mesastate.edu

Red Rocks Community College

Red Rocks Community College is a two-year technical and community college with two campuses in Lakewood and Arvada. The radiologic technology program is only available at the Arvada campus, however. RRCC's radiologic technology program requires two years of full time study in order to complete all coursework necessary to earn an associate degree. Red Rocks Community College notes that its program has only 18-20 slots each year, dependent on clinical need and space in clinical sites; as such, it is extremely competitive. Coursework focuses on both classroom learning---including topics like anatomy, radiation biology, and physics---and hands-on clinical rotations. Students rotate through a variety of imaging settings in both hospitals and clinics in the Arvada area.

Red Rocks Community College

Radiologic Technology Program

5420 Miller Street

Arvada, CO 80002

303-914-6031

rrcc.edu/radiology

Memorial Hospital School of Radiologic Technology

Memorial Hospital's School of Radiologic Technology is part of Colorado's Memorial Health System. Students in its radiologic technology program train for two years---six semesters, including summers---to complete an associate in applied science degree. The hospital's program offers training in exposure and technique, medical terminology, anatomy and radiographic biology, pathology and patient care. Although the program features both classroom and laboratory learning experiences, students can also expect to spend approximately 1,000 hours in clinical assignments each year of the program---so the hospital builds in plenty of hands-on experience, as well.

Memorial Hospital School of Radiologic Technology

175 S. Union, Suite 240

Colorado Springs, CO 80910

719-365-6819

memorialhealthsystem.com

Tags: Mesa State, Rocks Community, Rocks Community College, Community College, Hospital School, Hospital School Radiologic

Health Poster Ideas

Having students create posters on the subject of good health following a lesson on the subject allows them to apply what they have learned and be creative too. Advise students what is expected of them in creating the project, as well as any particular requirements about the message that they should convey. Display the posters in the classroom so the students can share their ideas, or perhaps have a poster contest to inspire more creative thinking.

Healthy Eating

A poster project on healthy eating habits is especially suited to younger students who are just learning about food groups and healthy foods in general. When developing the project for young students, give them a sentence to fill in that allows them to target their poster toward a theme. Sentences such as, "The four food groups are..." will prompt students to develop posters about the food groups. Supply the students with poster board, crayons, paints or markers and allow them to come up with their own ideas to tell, in pictures, about the food groups they have learned about.

Healthy Habits

Healthy habits involve such things as washing your hands and washing your face. Tell young students to create their own health related poster on healthy habits with a slogan, as well as a picture demonstrating at least one healthy habit. You may need to work with students to develop ideas for a slogan, depending on how young the children are. You can use well-known children's advertisements to demonstrate what slogans are and how the pictures in those ads help promote a product or idea.

Dental Health

National Children's Dental Health Month is in February each year. It is customary at this time for schools to offer free or reduced cost dental screenings and bring in dental health professionals to speak to students about oral hygiene. Therefore, February is also the perfect month for students to apply ideas that they have learned about dental health in a poster project. Poster topics may include elements such as proper teeth brushing, flossing or general tooth care.

Don't Do Drugs

Despite the best efforts of national, state and local agencies and organizations, drugs are a recurring problem in the schools. Therefore, teaching lessons about drug use, bringing speakers to your school to talk to the students about drugs and having students participate in drug-free activities are always vitally important to promote understanding. Following a lesson or presentation about drug use, have the students, at any grade level, develop their own drug-free poster design and slogan. Display the posters around the school to share what the students have learned with the rest of the student body.

Tags: food groups, have learned, about food, about food groups, they have, they have learned, about drug

Introduction To Radiography

Radiographers use X-ray technology to diagnose illnesses and other health problems.

Radiography first began in 1895 with Professor Wilhelm Roentgen’s discovery of the X-ray. In the medical field, radiography consists of using electromagnetic radiation to produce images of organs and tissues for diagnostic and treatment purposes.

About

In radiography, medical professionals use specialized equipment to create film or computerized images of a patient’s anatomy. These images can detect problems such as broken bones, tumors, or blood vessel blockages. Radiography professionals may also use radiation therapy to treat health problems including heart disease and cancer.

Careers

Radiological technologists and technicians, sometimes called radiographers, are the medical professionals who work with patients to obtain these images. Some technologists may also perform radiation therapy. Radiologists are physicians that evaluate the images to make a diagnosis.

Education

Programs for radiological technicians and technologists are available though colleges, universities, vocational schools, and some hospitals. These programs may award a certificate, associate’s, or bachelor’s degree. Radiologists are specialized medical doctors that must complete a program through an accredited medical school.

Specialization

Radiology technologists and radiologists may also specialize in a particular field of imaging, such as general radiography, bone densitometry, nuclear medicine, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, computed tomography, or cardiovascular-interventional radiography.

Employment

Prior to seeking employment, radiology technologists need to become certified or registered through the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Technologists and radiologist may work in hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers, clinics, or physician’s offices.

Tags: health problems, medical professionals, radiation therapy

Open A Free Clinic

Grey's Anatomy fans know that all it takes to open a free clinic is to have your wealthy fiancé die, leave multimillions behind and voila!--a free clinic is up and running, down to the last hospital bed and sheet. For folks who are just as eager to help the impoverished and uninsured get free medical care, the process is a bit more complex, but not impossible. Despite all odds, free clinics continue to be opened by caring and committed people around the world. Review suggested steps in this article to see how you can emulate them.

Instructions

1. Write a business plan to outline your vision for operating, managing, marketing and funding your free clinic. Contact the National Association of Free Clinics (NAFC) for tips on get your project off the ground.

2. Seek funding. Aim for a start-up grant to underwrite modifications on the facility you choose and try to obtain enough operating money for a year. Segment medically related funding sources from others to target appeals to grantors with a specific interest in healthcare start-ups.

3. Appoint a board of directors to oversee the free clinic and begin to solicit bids for malpractice and other types of insurance without which the clinic would not be able to open. Liability insurance is one of the key reasons free clinics have problems getting off the ground, so deal with this issue immediately after seating your board.

4. Find a building for your free clinic. Look for a facility that's large enough to build out a reception area/waiting room, a patient ward (two if possible to separate men from women) and enough space to accommodate staff, a lab, an office area and at least one private examination room.

5. Apply for building permits, occupancy licenses and other types of documentation as required by your city, state and local government. Expect ongoing inspections while work is being undertaken and a final walk-through from zoning and health officials when renovations are complete.

6. Obtain in-kind donations of furniture, equipment, supplies, drug samples and other necessities. Medical equipment manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies are great places to find in-kind donations, as are alumni groups at medical colleges and service organizations. Benefactors get tax write-offs. In return, find ways to acknowledge their generous donations. For instance, you may wish to post signs to thank such companies.

7. Solicit volunteers to staff the free clinic. Medical schools offer reciprocity agreements: they give senior students credit in return for hours of service. These doctors, nurses and technicians learn under the wing of senior doctors so the best way to start building your volunteer medical staff is to work from the top down and recruit an experienced doctor.

8. Get final approvals from local government to open your doors and begin seeing patients. Walk in the footsteps of other medical facilities by keeping accurate charts and detailed treatment information to estimate the value of services you're providing so your free clinic is eligible for tax write-offs and other benefits each year.

9. Set up a fund-raising arm to keep cash, supplies, equipment and goods flowing in to the facility. Seek a volunteer with fund-raising experience to oversee these efforts and don't forget to let staff know how much their help means. You needn't throw an annual black-tie affair; a pizza party with beer and wine is just as appreciated by volunteers who have been part of your free clinic's success story.

Tags: free clinic, your free, your free clinic, building your, free clinic, free clinics, in-kind donations

Breastfeeding After Breast Reduction

Breastfeeding is a rewarding and positive choice, but it also can be challenging for anyone. Add in a history of breast reduction or other breast surgeries, and you can easily feel overwhelmed or scared. If you're thinking about breastfeeding after breast surgery, have some peace of mind knowing that is possible.

Is it Possible?

Many women mistakenly assume that breastfeeding after breast reduction or any type of breast surgery is not possible. Others think that it will cause problems and just make breastfeeding more difficult than it necessary.

Today's breast reduction surgeries can be done while keeping your milk-producing tissues intact. If your surgery didn't result in your nipple being completely removed, you have a good chance at breastfeeding. The key is preparation, knowing what to expect and understanding deal with any possible complications, such as a low milk supply.

Preparation

If you've had breast reduction surgery, you may experience a low milk supply. This isn't always the case, and even women who have never had any type of breast surgery often deal with this issue. If your milk ducts were damaged during surgery, it can take five years for them to completely recover. However, during pregnancy they grow back quicker. If you find you aren't producing enough milk, there are many things you can do to help stimulate more milk production. Talk to your doctor, midwife, or lactation consultant to learn about the best way to start breastfeeding.

Sufficient Milk Supply

If you think you aren't producing enough milk, consult your doctor or lactation consultant. Sometimes women don't think they're producing enough milk for their baby, when they really are. This only leads to added stress. Some ways you can know that your baby is getting a sufficient amount of milk are:

You can hear your baby swallowing as he feeds. If you watch closely, you can physically see him swallowing as well.

Once your baby is three days old, he should have six to eight wet diapers per day and two to five bowel movements.

After your baby is four days old, he should gain at least 4 to 7 ounces per week

Increasing Milk Supply

Sometimes women don't think they're producing enough milk for their baby, when they really are. If you truly are not producing enough milk, your doctor or lactation consultant will help you decide which methods are best for you.

Keeping your breasts warm and breastfeeding (or pumping) in a warm environment can help stimulate a better milk flow. Take a warm shower, and gently massage your breasts or wrap them in a moist, warm towel for a few minutes before beginning a breastfeeding (or pumping) session.

Several natural herbs are known to help increase milk production including goat's rue, fenugreek and shatavari.

Drink plenty of water. Many women have had positive results with oatmeal and barley when trying to increase their milk supply.

Finding Support

If you're trying to breastfeed after breast reduction or another type of breast surgery, there are places to find specific support for those in your shoes. You can read stories from other moms who have shared their experience at http://www.bfar.org/stories-reduction.shtml. This can be a great motivational source, even if it simply helps you realize you are not alone.

You can interact with other moms who may be going through the same dilemma at the same time at the official Breastfeeding After Breast Reduction forums. You can join at http://www.bfar.org/joinFora.php?cmd=JoinList.

Tags: enough milk, producing enough, producing enough milk, breast reduction, breast surgery

Urine Crystals In Babies

Urine Crystals in Babies

Discovering crystals in your baby's diaper can be perfectly normal in the first day or two of life if you are breastfeeding, but beyond that they are likely a reason for concern. Normal urine is typically colorless and has a very mild odor. If you notice urine crystals in your baby's diaper beyond the fourth or fifth day of life, you should contact your pediatrician.

Normal for Newborns

New babies that are being exclusively breastfed might have red or pink crystals in their diaper on the first or second day of life. This is normal and is because of the small amount of colostrum they are receiving not being in high enough quantity to produce liquid urine. Once your milk comes in between day 3 and 5, your baby should be producing at least six normal wet diapers per day.

Concern in Older Infants

If your baby is still producing urine crystals instead of clear urine beyond 5 days old, you should contact your pediatrician. This could indicate an improper intake of breast milk which results in dehydration.

Confusion

Sometimes an over-the-phone diagnosis by your pediatrician or her staff might confuse abnormal urine crystals with other normal diaper sightings. In circumcised baby boys, a red color--blood--is normal to see in his diaper. In baby girls, sometimes there is a slightly bloody vaginal discharge that happens due to receiving mom's increased hormones in utero.

Solution

Make sure that your baby has a proper latch with both lips flanged out, your nipple and around a half inch in all directions of your areola in his mouth, and that you can hear or see active swallowing while he is nursing. Seek advice from your pediatrician and an Internationally Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) if your baby does not begin to produce normal urine in his diapers.

Formula-Fed Babies

Urine crystals present in a formula-fed baby's diaper is also an indication of dehydration. Check that you are preparing the formula correctly. If your baby's urine doesn't become normal quickly, contact your pediatrician for care.

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Urgent Care Practice Standards

Urgent care is the provision of walk-in medical service.

Urgent care practitioners are typically trained in family practice, pediatric, internal and emergency medicine and do not need to be certified to practice urgent care medicine. However, there is a board-certification process.

Certification

Urgent care physicians are certified by the American Academy of Urgent Care Medicine (AAUCM). The purpose of certification is to prove that a physician has the appropriate knowledge and skills to successfully work in an urgent care environment.

Exam

Obtaining certification requires taking an exam. Candidates must first submit an application to the board and receive approval to sit for the exam. The electronically administered exam consists of 225 multiple-choice questions covering general medicine, pediatrics, surgery, pharmacology, public health, risk management and occupational medicine --- areas often encountered in the field.

Eligibility for Certification

An applicant must have a current unrestricted medical license, graduated from an approved medical program, completed residency in an approved setting, completed 100 hours of Category 1 Continuing Medical Education averaged over the past two years, practiced at least five years in urgent care and be known to be medically ethical.

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Radiology Technician Schools In Washington

Radiology technicians are health care professionals who work in radiology, assisting doctors in performing, reading and reporting on x-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and other nuclear medicine techniques used to diagnose diseases and injuries. The minimum educational requirement to become a radiology technician is an associate degree and most radiology technicians receive certification from the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT).

Radiologic Technology Training Programs

There are 25 radiology technology and radiology related training programs in the state of Washington. They offer training for beginners at the associates and bachelor's degree levels as well as a number of certificate training programs for health care workers who want to pick up a new skill or specialization. (See Resources below to search for a radiology technology school near you in the state of Washington.)

Tacoma Community College

Tacoma Community College offers an associate in applied sciences (AAS) degree in its eight-quarter radiologic sciences program. At the end of the program, students are eligible to take the ARRT national certification examination and ready to work. Students may also wish to transfer to a bachelor's degree program in radiologic sciences. The total tuition cost is about $7,500, excluding fees.

Seattle University

Seattle University offers a bachelor's degree in diagnostic ultrasound, which prepares students for a career in diagnostic medical sonography, a specialty in radiology technology. The program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, (CAAHEP). As part of the program, students engage in a 12-month, 40 hours per week clinical internship to gain valuable experience. Tuition is about $28,000 per year.

Certification and Practice in the State of Washington

In order to be certified by the ARRT, a radiology technologist must meet ethics, education and examination requirements. The certification fee is $150 for a first-time applicant. (See Resources below for details on the certification requirements.) Upon certification, you still need to be licensed in Washington to practice. The application fee for that is $45. (See Resources for get your state license.)

Job Outlook

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics ranks radiology technologist as a job with a faster than average growth rate. The number of available jobs is expected to increase by 15 percent between 2006 and 2016. This is in part due to an aging population and an increased need for diagnostic imaging. The middle 50 percent of radiologic technologists in the U.S. in 2006 earned between $39,840 and $57,940.

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