Sonographers are often referred to as ultrasound technicians. They play a critical role in obstetric care, and also perform vascular, abdominal and gynecological ultrasounds. Sonographers often specialize in a particular type of ultrasound, such as echocardiography. Compared with other careers in the same pay scale, ultrasound training is relatively short.
Application
Students may apply to one of two types of ultrasound programs. One is an allied health program. Application to the ultrasound portion of that program can be done a year after general education. Students may apply directly to an accredited ultrasound program that combines general education with ultrasound training.
Didactic Learning
Ultrasound students study anatomy and physiology, healthcare practices and ultrasound physics. The time spent in the classroom may be 12 to 18 months. Part of the classroom education may coincide with clinical experience.
Clinical Experience
Ultrasound students are assigned a hospital site where they work closely with a sonographer and acquire hands-on experience with patient care. Clinical experience lasts one year.
Variations
Ultrasound programs commonly last for two years, and students are awarded a certificate or an associate's degree. Some students choose a four-year bachelor's program.
Certification
Graduates of accredited programs may sit for the ARDMS registry exam upon graduation. Non-accredited allied health students must work for one year before applying for the exam (see Resources).
Continuing Education
Sonographers must acquire a set number of continuing education credits in order to maintain their registration. This is a lifelong process.
Tags: allied health, general education, Sonographers often, Students apply, Ultrasound students, ultrasound training
Sonographers use ultrasound to scan their patients' bodies.
Diagnostic medical sonographers, or simply sonographers, use non-ionizing, high-frequency sound waves, or ultrasound, to diagnose, prevent and treat medical conditions. There are several areas of specialization in sonography, including abdomen, breast, obstetrics/gynecology, echocardiography, vascular technology, neurosonology and ophthalmology. Sonographers, however, may need to lift more than 50 pounds routinely and work standing on their feet 80 percent of the time, according to the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography.
Instructions
1. Take health-related courses while in high school. They may include biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics and health. Study diligently and try to score as well as you can in those courses.
2. Get a college or university associate or a bachelor's degree. There are two-year and four-year programs in sonography Two-year programs, however, are more popular, according to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition prepared by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Courses include classes in anatomy, physiology, basic physics, patient care, instrumentation and medical ethics. In 2008, there were 150 accredited training programs, primarily offered by colleges and universities and a few hospitals. There are also one-year programs that issue vocational certificates. They are popular mostly among people who already have a medical qualification.
3. Get certified by one of the professional certifying bodies. Although it is not a mandatory requirement, most employers prefer to hire certified sonographers. The American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS) certifies sonography professionals who pass the exam as a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS), allowing them to choose a specialization in abdomen, breast or another area. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologist certifies sonographers in breast and vascular sonography. The Cardiovascular Credentialing International certifies cardiac sonographers. The exam to get a sonography certification typically consists of a physics and instrumentation exam. Candidates also need to complete a certain amount of education hours.
4. Develop communication and interpersonal skills to be able to explain technical procedures and results to your patients. Also, train your hand-eye coordination to be able to obtain quality images.
Tags: Diagnostic Medical, abdomen breast, American Registry, Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Medical Sonography
Medicare is the federally administered health care program for elderly and disabled Americans. Part D is the section of Medicare that offers prescription drug coverage. These drug programs are available exclusively through private drug insurance companies, and thousands are available nationwide. While each state and region will have a different selection of plans, here are a few that are available nationwide.
AARP MedicareRx Saver
UnitedHealthcare offers the AARP MedicareRx Saver plan. This plan offers a median-priced premium at $36.40 and a deductible at $310. The beneficiary can expect to pay anywhere from $6 to $93 on prescriptions on this plan, and Medicare.gov's Planfinder rates this plan's overall customer satisfaction as 3.5 out of 5 stars.
aarpmedicareplans.com
CIGNA Medicare Rx Plans
CIGNA Medicare Rx Plans are available in three tiers. Plan One is a low-premium ($27.30) plan with co-pays; however, there is a deductible to meet ($295). Plan Two has a premium ($45), but no co-payments and no deductible for some generics. For other drugs, there is a low deductible. Plan Three is a high-premium plan ($78.70) with no deductible that covers certain generics throughout the Part D coverage gap.
CVS Caremark Complete is a Part D plan offered by the SilverScript Insurance Company. This plan is has a high premium at $76.70, but has no annual deductible. Preferred generic drugs are $2.50, and regular generics are $7.50. Preferred brand-name drugs are $39, and non-preferred brand-name drugs are $98. According to Medicare.gov, the average consumer customer service rating is 4 out of 5 stars.
silverscript.com
GHI Medicare Prescription Drug Plan
The GHI Medicare Prescription Drug Plan is a low-premium plan at only $19.60 a month, but it comes with a deductible of $295. This plan works as a benchmark plan, meaning those who qualify for the federal low-income subsidy, Extra Help, can have the entire premium paid for by Social Security. This plan does not offer any coverage through the coverage gap.
ghi.com
First Health Part D-Secure
This plan is available with a low monthly premium of $14.50 per month and a $175 annual deductible. When not in the annual coverage gap period, preferred generic drugs are only $4, while preferred brand drugs are $20. All non-preferred drugs, generic and brand, are $50. This plan rated well in timeliness for members who needed to appeal drug coverage decisions (5 out of 5 stars), but rated low on fairness based on drug appeals when escalated to an independent reviewer (2 out of 5 stars).
firsthealthpremier.coventryhealthcare.com
Tags: This plan, AARP MedicareRx, AARP MedicareRx Saver, annual deductible, available nationwide
Community colleges are an important part of the Minnesota college and university system because they provide a way for students to transition into earning a four-year degree. There are 25 accredited community colleges in Minnesota with degree programs ranging from nursing to performing arts.
Riverland Community College
Riverland Community College has locations in the following Minnesota cities: Alberta Lea, Austin and Owatonna. They offer associate degrees, diplomas and certificates in many concentrations, including fine arts, business, visual art, music, theater, pharmacy and technology.
Riverland Community College
1900 8th Ave. N.W.
Austin, MN 55912
507-433-0820
riverland.edu
Central Lakes College
Central Lakes College has locations in Brainerd and Staples. They offer two-year programs, and the credits can be transferred to another college or university for the purpose of obtaining a bachelor's degree. Concentrations include nursing, liberal arts, computer technology and criminal justice.
Central Lakes College
501 W. College Dr.
Brainerd, MN 56401
218-855-8037
clcmn.edu
Lake Superior College
Lake Superior College is located in Duluth. This college offers diplomas, certificates and associate degrees in the following concentrations: fire technology and administration, radiologic technology, nursing, dental hygiene, sonography, dialysis patient care and piloting.
Lake Superior College
2101 Trinity Road
Duluth, MN 55811
218-733-7601
lsc.edu
Tags: Central Lakes, Central Lakes College, Community College, Lake Superior, Lake Superior College, Lakes College
Finding mental health coverage depends on the type of health plan is available and the coverages that are provided. You may have a group health insurance plan, provided by your employer, that contains coverage for mental health. If you are unemployed or do not have access to a group health insurance plan you will need to look for coverage elsewhere. Luckily, there are options available that you can use to find mental health coverage.
Instructions
1. Speak to a representative for your insurance plan or call your plan's administrator. Ask what coverage is available for mental or behavioral health.
2. Check and see if your employer offers an employee assistance program. These programs are provided by many employers that may be included with employer-sponsored health plans.
3. See if you qualify for coverage that is provided by Medicare. You can view information about applying for Medicare from the Social Security Administration.
4. Look into the qualifications for the Medicaid program that is available in your state. Each state has their own qualifications for Medicaid. You can use the govbenefits.gov website to determine eligibility for your state.
5. Find out if your state has a mental health program that is available. You can check with your state's department of insurance to see what is available in your state.
6. Contact your state's mental health agency to see if you are eligible for assistance for mental health services. Many states that have publicly funded mental health centers calculate cost based on how much you can afford to pay.
Tags: your state, mental health, insurance plan, your state mental, available your, available your state, group health
Breast cancer is due to mutations within the DNA of normal breast cells that encourage abnormal cell reproduction or limit the ability of the cell to control growth, resulting in tumors. The exact trigger that begins this process and causes an individual's breast cancer is not always known. However, several factors have been shown to increase the risk.
Genetic Influences
Tumor suppressors, named BRCA1 and BRCA2, are genes that help prevent the formation of cancerous tumors. If they are damaged, the cells can grow unchecked. These defective genes that allow breast cancer to begin can be passed through families. Tests are available to show the presence or absence of these tumor suppressors and can be used to help determine the risk for a person whose family history implies a risk that she'll inherit the defective genes. The risk is doubled if a woman has a close female relative--mother, daughter or sibling--with breast cancer. Although young women can also be diagnosed with breast cancer, the chances of getting the disease increase with age, especially over the age of 55. Caucasians have a slightly increased risk of the disease than African-Americans. Although breast cancer is considered a woman's disease and occurs in women most frequently, the disease can also occur in men.
Lifestyle Issues
Certain lifestyle factors have been shown to represent an increased risk of breast cancer, however, they do not determine precisely who will or won't have cancer. One significant risk factor occurred when pregnant women were treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES). The women and their daughters have a higher risk of breast cancer. Hormones and hormone therapy seem to increase the risk of breast cancer. This includes women who had a long period of menstruation (early onset and late menopause), and those who were not pregnant or did not have children until late in life. Birth control pills increase the risk while being taken but the risk appears to diminish after use stops. Hormone replacement therapy for menopause can increase risk. Overweight, lack of exercise, and alcohol use also appear to increase the risk and the American Cancer Society recommends a woman limit herself to one drink per day.
Tags: breast cancer, increase risk, risk breast, risk breast cancer, been shown, defective genes
Breast augmentation surgery is normally a minimal enough procedure that patients are sent home the same day. Though the first day or so may be painful, many women falsely believe they can quickly return to their normal exercise routines. This isn't the case; the chest area needs time to heal before most rigorous activities can be resumed. While your surgeon will know best, there are a few general rules and time lines that can ease your transition back into exercising.
Three Days Before Long Walks
The first three days after your breast augmentation procedure should be spent resting. This time will allow you to minimize your pain, discomfort and other possible complications. Dr. Lori L. Cherup of Pittsburgh, Pa.-based Radiance Plastic Surgery notes that after about three days patients who are feeling well can begin to take walks. The length of these walks don't matter as much as their speed. This is because women's breasts tend to bounce when the body is in full motion; as the speed and intensity increase, so does the bounce. Therefore, it's best to walk slowly and avoid obstacles like long staircases or steep hills, which may force women to gain some momentum. If you're unsure of yourself or of your strength level post-surgery, you can start by taking short walks around the backyard or neighborhood. You can gradually increase the distance of these walks during the first week after surgery. Seven to 10 days after the procedure, you will likely have a follow-up appointment with your cosmetic surgeon, who can advise if you are clear to continue your regimen.
Three Weeks Before Aerobic Exercise
Aerobic activity affects more than just the parts of the body you're trying to exercise. It actually affects your body's chemistry, your heart beats faster and your blood pressure rises. Though normally a good thing, Dr. Cherup warns that elevated blood pressure can cause delayed bleeding in your breasts. This event commonly occurs between day 14 and day 21 following surgery. It's important to remember that even after the three-week mark you may still experience some pain, discomfort or tenderness when engaging in aerobic activities, especially running or jumping. These side effects may be uncomfortable, but they cannot damage your implants. The easiest way to remedy these effects is to provide the proper breast support by wearing a sports bra, fitted athletic top with built-in support or a well-wrapped Ace bandage.
Four to Six Weeks Before Weight Lifting
Many women include weight lifting and strength training in their exercise routines. Unfortunately, these activities can place a lot of strain on the pectoral muscles and the surgical site. These activities should be avoided for at least four to six weeks following surgery, according to the physicians at the Palm Harbor Plastic Surgery Centre in Palm Harbor, Fla. This time frame should allow for the breasts to fully heal. Other activities similar to weight lifting also should be avoided. These include moving heavy objects in your home or performing any exercises that place your weight squarely on your arms and chest, such as push-ups and lateral arm lifts. Lifting your arms above your head also should be avoided for at least four weeks after surgery.
Tags: should avoided, after surgery, also should, also should avoided, avoided least, avoided least four, blood pressure
The knight in shining armor remains a common romantic fantasy for weddings.
If you're planning a fairytale-themed wedding and you, or your groom-to-be, will be the knight in shining armor, you can make things as subtle or over-the-top as you want. Keep in mind that with themed weddings, more is usually more. Remember the meaning of your wedding day, but have fun with it.
Dress the Part
A fairy tale knight is a fantastic warrior, slaying giant, fire-breathing beasts before sweeping his princess off her feet. Although it's doubtful that any knight would get married in a suit of armor, the visual of a groom as a fairy tale knight works with the theme. Wearable Renaissance-style armor suits can be rented from specialty costume shops, or, if you have the budget, you can have one specially made for the wedding. Most modern-made armor costumes are much lighter than real armor, but if you're having a summer wedding, plan to have an appropriate change of clothes for the reception.
Cut the Cake
Use a full-sized replica knight's sword or dagger, even if it's not as razor-sharp as the real thing, to cut the first slice of wedding cake. If you're using a long sword, practice on a store-bought cake before the wedding -- doing it right isn't as easy as it looks. Or purchase a regular-sized cake cutter in the shape of a medieval sword. If you don't have a local retailer who specializes in swords and medieval decor, there are plenty of online retailers that will ship to you.
Groom's Cake
Give the groom his own special cake that fits with the fairytale theme, with a small-sized chocolate cake covered in shiny silver frosting. If you can find the right baker -- search locally -- you can even have it shaped like a knight's helmet. The knight theme can also be a part of the main cake, with a molded resin princess and knight cake topper that can be saved as a decorative item and keepsake.
The White Horse
If you want to really go all out and you're planning an outdoor wedding, ride to the wedding location on a white horse. While this idea is very romantic, it takes a good amount of planning, especially if you're not experienced with horses. Look for stables that offer horses for events, and take horseback riding training, even if they say it's not necessary. If you're not confident in your riding ability, a horse-drawn carriage has just as much fairytale charm.
Tags: fairy tale, fairy tale knight, knight shining, knight shining armor, shining armor, tale knight
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technicians are specially trained to use MRI equipment to capture images of hard and soft tissue within the body. Images are produced in a 3-D format and may show the entire body or a certain body part. MRI technicians may also be called radiologic technicians and are required to attain a certificate, associate's or bachelor's degree with specialized coursework in MRI technology. In New Jersey, these programs are offered through community, state and vocational colleges.
Bergen Community College
Bergen Community College in Paramus is the largest community college in New Jersey, with 80 associate's degree program and 40 certificate options. Within the Division of Health Professions, programs are offered in radiography and radiation therapy. The certificate in radiation therapy is a 12-month program with a clinical practicum and 36-credit requirement. The associate's degree in radiology is a 24-month program consisting of 70 credits and one clinical per semester. It contains coursework in imaging equipment, imaging production and evaluation, advanced imaging equipment and special imaging equipment. Bergen Community College also offers the certificate of achievement in special imaging for radiologic technologists, designed for licensed or registered radiologists. It consists of 12 credits, including MRI coursework and a clinical practicum requirement.
Bergen Community College
400 Paramus Road
Paramus, NJ 07652
201-447-7100
bergen.edu
Thomas Edison State College
Located in Trenton, New Jersey, Thomas Edison State College is designed specifically for adults and maintains an average student age of 35. The college offers certificates, undergraduate degrees and graduate degrees in more than 100 areas of study within five schools. The School of Applied Science and Technology offers the associate of science in applied science and technology (ASAST) degree and the bachelor of science in applied science and technology (BSAST) degree in medical imaging and radiation therapy. The programs require 60 credits at the associate's degree level and 120 at the bachelor's degree level. The associate's degree in medical imaging provides coursework in radiation physics and elective coursework in medical imaging. The bachelor's degree in medical imaging requires 45 credits of medical imaging coursework within nine areas. The associate's degree in radiation therapy is focused on radiation physics and radiation therapy coursework, while the bachelor's degree requires coursework in seven radiation therapy areas in addition to 12 elective options.
Thomas Edison State College
101 W. State St
Trenton, NJ 08608-1101
888-442-8372
tesc.edu
American Institute of Medical Sciences and Education
The American Institute of Medical Sciences and Education (AIMS) in South Plainfield, New Jersey, specializes in providing allied health care programs and is affiliated with more than 30 health care practices where students engage in clinical education. The school collaborates with MedTech Staffing and Solutions to assist students in finding employment related to their skills. The MRI technologist certificate program is 18 months in length and prepares students for the ARMRIT Registry certification examination in magnetic resonance imaging. Students must complete clinical rotations on a part-time or full-time basis. They are performed only at major hospitals and clinics.
American Institute of Medical Sciences and Education
3000 Hadley Road
South Plainfield, NJ 07080
908-222-0002
aimsedu.com
Tags: medical imaging, radiation therapy, associate degree, bachelor degree, Bergen Community, Bergen Community College, American Institute
Trichomoniasis is a common and curable sexually transmitted disease (STD). Pap smears test cervical cells for signs of cancer, but they may also detect Trichomoniasis. Pap smears are not a reliable method for detecting STDs, and you should seek additional testing if you suspect an infection.
Indications
Trichomoniasis infection may exist if cells from a pap smear show a transparent halo surrounding the superficial cell nucleus. Red sores on the cervix or inflammation may also indicate Trichomoniasis.
Accuracy
Pap smears detect Trichomoniasis with 60 percent accuracy. Wet mounts, cultures and polymerase chain reaction tests are more accurate. Ectocervical smears that take cells from the vaginal side of the cervix are more effective for detecting Trichomoniasis than endocervical smears that collect cells from the inner cervix.
Complications
The presence of Trichomoniasis makes you more susceptible to HIV and the herpes infection. Trichomoniasis is also linked to pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility and cervical neoplasia.
Treatment
Trichomoniasis is curable with an oral dosage or Metronidazole or Tinidazole. All sexual partners must be treated to prevent re-infection.
Considerations
Many factors can influence the results of a pap smear. Pap smears test for cell changes that can lead to cancer, but abnormal pap smear results may also be caused by unclear specimens or human error.
Tags: cells from, detect Trichomoniasis, smears test, smears that
A spinal stroke, or fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), in dogs can lead to decreased mobility and even complete paralysis. While most common in large breeds, this condition can occur in any dog. Fortunately, with treatment, most dogs will regain use of their limbs over time.
What is a Spinal Stroke?
Similar to a stroke in the brain, a spinal stroke occurs when an obstruction or clot chokes the blood supply to a portion of the spinal cord, which affects the neurological function of limbs. Where the stroke occurs determines which limbs show symptoms and the severity of the injury. The extent of the obstruction, which may be a small fragment of a spinal disc or clot, also increases the degree of severity of the FCE.
Comparison of Disc Injuries
When a dog's disc ruptures, it usually ruptures up or laterally causing an overall compression on the spinal cord and nerves; this is called a Type 1 Disc Herniation. Unlike more common disc herniation in dogs, with FCE, the disc material ruptures laterally and penetrates the spinal artery or vein which blocks the flow of blood.
Causes of Spinal Stroke
While the true cause of FCE is unknown, the obstruction or clot may have been caused by trauma or injury. You may notice your dog yelp after an outburst of energy or excessive exercise, followed by weakness in the limbs. While your dog may yelp, the injury is not usually painful.
Commonality in Dogs
Giant and large breed dogs more often develop FCE than smaller dogs, with the exception of Shetland Sheepdogs and Miniature Schnauzers. Spinal strokes occur more frequently in males dogs than females, and usually happen between 3 and 6 years of age. However, FCE can occur in all dogs at any age.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually first determined by symptoms and breed disposition with myelography, CT scans and MRI used to eliminate other injuries. X-rays rarely show the true nature of a spinal injury, even with myelography, so an MRI may be the best way to get a diagnosis. Without surgery (or an autopsy) FCE cannot be fully confirmed.
Treatment
Some dogs may recover on their own with a little rest, but physical therapy, anti-inflammatories and steroids will help your dog rebuild strength. Treatment started in the first few hours of the onset of FCE has the most pronounced effect, however, physical therapy and complementary care (acupuncture, chiropractic care) performed even months later may help in recovering use of the limbs. Unlike many disc herniations, a spinal stroke is not as conducive to surgical treatment, however, it is an option in cases where the FCE is not the only spinal condition affecting your dog.
Suggestions
With any spinal or back injury in your dog, you should seek an animal neurosurgeon or similar specialist in your area as soon as possible to diagnose the condition. Most vets will not have access to diagnostic machines beyond X-rays, and will simply prescribe a steroid and confinement. With all spinal injuries in dogs, especially FCE, treatment should be done shortly after the onset of the symptoms in order to promote a full recovery.
In order to increase the participation of women in business, grant makers have developed programs that give special consideration to women applicants for grants. Businesses owned by women are considered historically underutilized businesses (HUB) and may qualify for extra points during the grant review process. Recently, a spate of development programs have targeted women 35 years of age and older. Forty years old, however, is not a common break point for grant eligibility. While 40 may be a traumatic milestone for you, it doesn't appear to give you any special leg up in obtaining grants.
Grantor Goals
Grant makers want to encourage women, especially those age 35 years and older to take leadership roles in business and industry to a greater extent than they have in the past. Unfortunately, women at this stage in their careers may already be beginning to encounter age discrimination. Women may actually face age barriers at a younger age than their male counterparts. Understanding the gender bias women already face in the career marketplace, government and private funders have begun to provide more grant funded training opportunities, financial resources and supportive programs that help women build networks of professional contacts and acquire management skills that help them take advantage of potential career opportunities.
Grant Makers
Federal, state and local agencies and corporate and private foundations all offer grant programs that favor women applicants and may, in addition, further target women over 40 years. These opportunities can be found by searching for requests for proposal (RFP) that are released by federal, state and local government agencies and by foundations. RFPs are the complete application and grant announcement for a particular grant program. Go to your local funding library to search for these grants. Funding libraries may be special sections at a public library, the United Way or a regional nonprofit management center. They have subscriptions to paper and electronic search tools that help you find grants for women over 40 years.
Finding Grants for Women Over 40 Years
First check out Grants.gov, the federal clearing house website for all federal grant opportunities (see References). Sign up for Grants.gov's e-mail alert newsletter. You can select areas in which you have an interest, and their grant alert newsletter will filter out unwanted RFPs and send you only the ones you want. States have similar grant alert sites. Some funds may be available at the local city and county level for women, particularly women-owned or -led organizations working in distressed and underserved areas. It may take some schmoozing with local politicians and meeting with administrative staff, council people and commissioners to find out take advantage of local funding. A search of foundations for those who give money for women's issues may turn up some foundations who give grants that not only fund designated women's programs,but also give extra points to women applicants, older applicants or both.
The Reality
Should you find a grant that does award extra points for being a woman over 40 years, your proposal will still have to meet the requirements of the funder. Grants are always given for specific purposes that serve the general public welfare. Neither government agencies nor private foundations offer general purpose grants to for-profit businesses or to individuals no matter what gender or age. Government and most private grants are awarded almost exclusively to nonprofit charities or to businesses that are contracted to do educational, cultural, scientific, medical, defense, construction or research and development work for the government or in the public interest.
The fact that your organization has women in key leadership positions or your company is owned or run by women and is eligible to provide the work the funder wants done, may give you a better shot at being funded. But, if all you have is a vague business idea you want someone to give you money for, the U.S. Small Business Administration says you have no chance at all to find a grant for your project. Like banks and investor groups, the government and foundations do not fund poor or nebulous ideas.
Beware!
Especially in tough financial times, predatory advertisers will tell you there are millions of dollars in free government money out there if only you are a woman over 40 years, disabled, a senior, jobless or whatever. "Don't buy the hype," says Grants.gov. The federal government doesn't give money to individuals or start-up businesses or nebulous projects. State governments don't. Private foundations don't. Just because you're a woman over 40 years, doesn't mean you are entitled to a grant. Such grants don't exist. If you have a good idea, a great business plan, some money you've already raised, a collaborative project that fills a need in your community, then you may have a better chance to qualify for low-cost loans or even a grant if you're a woman over 40 years. A foundation may give a grant to a woman over 40 years who can do something the government or foundation wants done, like research or development of a new product the public needs, to encourage more women to participate, but you still have to deliver the goods.
If your grant proposal isn't responding to a specific request for proposal, however, it is an absolute waste of time to write letters to funders with an unsolicited idea asking for general grant support. You have a better chance of getting such a grant from your rich Aunt Florence who loves you and won't ask too many questions.
Tags: woman over, woman over years, over years, extra points, give money, over years, programs that
Stuck for ideas when it comes to writing messages in get well cards? Sometimes you can find the perfect get well card in the store. Other times, it's important to write the message yourself. Even if the card contains a wonderful sentiment, you may want to include a personal comment for the recipient.
Severity
The severity of an illness may help you determine the type of comments that may be appropriate. If the person is facing death, show him or her respect and use your comment as an opportunity to express how much you care. Often, the best approach is a simple sentiment such as, "My thoughts are with you. Please know you can call on me at any time."
Beliefs
The beliefs of the person to whom you're writing may influence the comments you make. You should not use the get well card as an opportunity to push your beliefs on others. If, however, the person shares your beliefs, mentioning religion in your comment can be comforting. For instance, you can add a note that says, "I know God's love is with you as you heal."
Relationship
Your relationship with the person may help determine what type of message is appropriate. If this is someone close to you, your note can be personal and encouraging. If this is an acquaintance, still offer encouragement that's suitable to the severity of the person's illness. A quick note, such as "I hope you feel better soon," lets the person know you're sending good wishes.
Preferences
Considered the recipient's preferences when you're writing a get well message. Does this person love to laugh? If his or her illness is not too severe, a humorous remark can help lighten the mood. For instance, a friend sick with a cold can be teased with remarks such as, "Now I finally have a good excuse to avoid you." When it comes to humor, have a couple of people review your comment before sending the card to the patient. Make sure the comment is funny, not hurtful.
Age
The age of the recipient may help you decide what type of message will have the greatest impact. With young patients, often a cute drawing or smiley face will let the person know you care. For children who can read, look for a card featuring a favorite cartoon character. For a teen, select a card that features bright colors and a positive, upbeat message.
Tags: your comment, help determine, person know, Things Well, Things Well Card, type message
Computer diagnostic tests can diagnose problems on your machine.
When a computer is running slow or isn't working correctly, running a diagnostic test may help a user understand the exact problem. Diagnostic tests for computers are simple and user-friendly, allowing even novice owners to check their system health. Different problems require different diagnostic tests, and usually an action has to be taken to correct the problems diagnosed by the test.
Hardware Problems
Windows has built-in diagnostic tests that run on your computer when a hardware problem is detected, and also offers additional tests when they're needed. Hardware diagnostic tests run automatically if the unit detects a problem. If you think there's a hardware problem and the computer hasn't tested itself, try shutting down and seeing if the computer runs a diagnostic when you boot it up. If it doesn't, right-click on "My Computer" and open the "Properties" option; Click "Tools." Open "Error-Checking" and select "Check Now."
When none of the built-in tests are showing errors, you can download Windows Memory Diagnostic from Microsoft. Save it to a disc, then boot up your computer with the disc in the machine. It will run a test checking for hardware errors and report the problem to you within 30 minutes.
Virus Tests
Every computer that connects to the Internet or downloads files from a disc is at risk of contracting a virus. If you believe your machine has a virus, you can run a virus diagnostic. These scans are included with any antivirus program. You simply open your program, choose to scan your drives for viruses and wait for the test to complete. If viruses aren't found, check to be sure you have the latest virus definition updates, then run the diagnostic again.
Spyware
Spyware, like viruses, can be picked up off of the Internet. Spyware reports to remote users about your Internet activity, usage and sometimes even personal information that you type into forms. Spyware detectors, like antivirus programs, can monitor your computer for spyware activity. Once you have a spyware killer installed, you should open the program and choose to scan all your discs. When the diagnostic is complete, you'll have the option to remove all spyware files.
Tags: your computer, choose scan, choose scan your, diagnostic tests, hardware problem, program choose, program choose scan
Clinical laboratory technicans help diagnose diseases.
Clinical laboratory technicians, also known as medical laboratory technicians, generally work in labs helping analyze patient blood work and other body fluids. This helps to detect and diagnose diseases in a patient and may help their treatment as well, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Due to the nature of the work, many employers prefer to hire individuals who have a certification as a clinical laboratory technician over those who do not.
Basics
Every certification for clinical laboratory technicians has their own specifications for attaining the credential; however, there are a few basics that most certifications have. First, most certifications have an application that you must submit. This application generally has a fee that you need to submit along with it. Certifications for clinical laboratory technicians also have eligibility requirements and/or an examination that you must pass to receive the credential. Lastly, certifications generally require maintenance by paying annual fees and/or completing continuing education credits.
Organizations
According to the BLS, there are a number of organizations that have certifications for both clinical laboratory technologists and technicians. When you visit their website, be careful to select the certification for technicians. Some of the organizations offering these certifications are the Board of Registry of the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), the American Medical Technologists (AMT) and the Board of Registry of the American Association of Bioanalysts (AAB).
Eligibility
Many of the certifications require you to have an education for clinical laboratory technicians. To be eligible for the clinical laboratory technician program through the AMT, you must complete either a college program or professional school. For the college or university program, you must have at least an associate degree in medical terminology or a minimum of 60 semester credits (25 of which are related to clinical laboratory technicians). For the professional school option, you need to graduate from an U.S. Department of Education-approved medical laboratory program or one that has been approved by a regional or national accrediting organization or commission.
Examination
ASCP’s examination for their clinical/medical laboratory technician provides a good of example of what you may see on other certification tests in this field. Their exam tests you on topics about blood banks, chemistry, hematology, immunology, laboratory operations, microbiology and urinalysis and other body fluids. As of June 2010, the largest part of the test with 23 percent of the questions is on chemistry, according to ASCP.
Fees
The AAB credential for clinical/medical laboratory technicians has required fees to attain their credential, much like many credentials from other organizations. The AAB requires you to pay $95 for the application fee and another $125 for the generalist examination, as of June 2010. According to AAB, there is an additional $20 fee that goes for the exam's proctoring. If you wish to take a test in a specific field, versus the generalist exam, it cost $70 for the first specific test and $40 for each other test you wish to take.
Operating as a radiologic technologist in Florida requires a state license. Before you can get a license, you have to obtain one of five certifications granted by the Florida Department of Health.
Certification
In order to obtain a radiologic technology license, you must first obtain a certification. The five types of certification in Florida are basic X-ray machine operator, basic X-ray machine operator-podiatric medicine, general radiographer, nuclear medicine technologist, and radiation therapy technologist. The two ways to become certified in these fields are by passing a certification examination or through endorsement.
Generally, applicants seeking certification must fulfill certain criteria. First, they must submit a completed application together with the required fee to the State of Florida. They must also be at least 18 years old at the time of application. All applicants must have good moral character and have completed a recognized educational program. Those applying to become general radiographers, nuclear medicine technologists, and radiation therapists must successfully complete their study in a two-year accredited radiologic technology program. Those applying to become basic X-ray machine operators must complete the study guide provided by the state government.
Applicants can be certified by endorsement if they can prove that they hold a current radiologic technology certificate. In addition to this, they must meet all the requirements mentioned above. All applicants who are not applying to be certified by endorsement must pass the Florida certification exam.
Where to Study
You can obtain an educational qualification toward becoming a radiologic technologist from any education provider that is recognized by the Florida Department of Health. A list of recognized programs and providers can be found on their website.
American Registry of Radiographic Technologists
The State of Florida requires that all persons wishing to practice as a radiologic technologist be certified by the Florida Department of Health. This applies to current members of ARRT as well. However, current members of ARRT can apply to be certified by endorsement if they meet all the requirements mentioned before.
Tags: basic X-ray, basic X-ray machine, certified endorsement, Department Health, Florida Department, Florida Department Health
Estrogen is one of the most important hormones in the female body. Increased estrogen levels can cause dangerous and life-threatening conditions women.
Significance
Estrogen controls menstruation and influences the urinary tract, reproductive organs, blood vessels, brain, pelvic muscles, bones, skin and hair.
Function
Because estrogen is the primary hormone responsible for regulating reproduction, it is the key to maintaining the human race.
Sources
Estrogen is primarily secreted by the ovaries, but smaller amounts are produced by the adrenal glands.
Benefits
Moderate estrogen levels regulate a woman's mood, menstrual cycle, mental clarity and other health-related processes.
Warning
Ovarian cancer, breast cancer and heart disease have been linked to abnormally high levels of estrogen. Some estrogen-containing foods can contribute to the body's natural stores of the hormone.
Prevention/Solution
To prevent estrogen-related cancers, consult your physician, especially if you have a history of breast, ovarian or cervical cancer in your family.
Bed bugs are from the insect family Cimidae and they survive by consuming the blood of warm blooded animals, including humans. They prefer to live in mattresses and sofas and are mostly active at night, which is the source of their name. They are attracted to warmth and their saliva contains anesthetics and anticoagulants, which allows them to feed on their host without the host noticing their presence.
Bite symptoms
Bed bug bites lead to a raised welt or a red bump. This welt often results in severe itching.
Cause
These bumps are caused by an allergic reaction to the bed bugs' saliva.
Time frame
The bumps caused by bed bug bites typically take up to nine days to become visible.
Bite patterns
Bed bug bites tend to occur in bunches, possibly as a result of the bug becoming disturbed while eating and needing to move slightly.
Variabilty of rash
Different people have different levels of allergic reactions to bed bug bites, with some people being barely affected and others developing an extensive rash that can also lead to symptoms such as nausea and a headache.
Having several moles is completely normal. In fact, The National Cancer institute has stated that most people have up to 40 spread out over their body, and some have even more. Parents should be aware of moles on their children and know when to worry, but in most cases, moles are completely harmless.
Typical Moles
Healthy benign moles are typically smaller than 1/4 inch and pink, tan, brown or the color of your skin. Most are in the shape of a circle or oval and are symmetrical. Some people are more prone to moles than others- so although most people have 10 to 40, others can have exponentially more.
Atypical Moles
Atypical moles are also referred to as Dysplatic Nevi. Typically, these moles have a different appearance from the typical moles that appear more frequently on your skin. Their color is likely to be darkers (brown or black) and their shape is less defined.
Prevention
Like many other disorder or illness that may come up for your child, there are several things you can do to keep them healthier, which may prevent atypical mole growth. Make sure kids get plenty of sleep and eat a healthy diet in order to keep their immune system functioning. And never let your child go out in the sun without sunscreen.
Be aware of any moles on your child's body and monitor them for change regularly.
When to Worry
Just because your child has a mole that is considered "atypical" does not mean a doctor will need to remove it. Many times a doctor will take note of moles and monitor them to make sure they're not growing. You should be aware of what a mole looks like to begin with, and watch for signs of change. Changes in shape, color or size should be discussed with a doctor. Consult a dermatologist if your child's mole becomes uncomfortable like a blemish- bleeding, swelling, itching or functioning as anything other than a painless spot in their skin.
Treatment
Getting a mole removed is a simple and routine procedure. Doctors use local anesthesia to remove moles and stitch up the area. An additional visit may be required to check up on the area. Never try to remove your child's mole without a doctor- as atypical moles are about more than cosmetic concerns, a doctor must determine what needs to be removed in order to prevent or get rid of any cancerous growths.
Tags: your child, child mole, your child mole, aware moles, doctor will, moles completely, monitor them
Making a skeleton can help children learn about anatomy.
Even though kindergartners are young, they use their bodies daily and are old enough to learn about them. Simple crafts, experiments or class-facilitated conversations can help children learn about anatomy. Students can also reinforce what they learn by sharing some of their projects with their class.
Anatomy Diagram
Introduce kindergarten children to the basic parts of the body by reading a book that introduces the body parts or how body parts function. For example, "Learning About my Body," by Jo Ellen Moore, or "Fun with My Five Senses: Activities to Build Learning Readiness," by Sarah Williamson and Loretta Trezzo Braren, can introduce children to concepts of anatomy. Divide the students into small groups. Give each group a diagram of the body with a word bank. Let students draw arrows from the word bank to the body part. More advanced students can copy the word next to the body part.
Sensitive Skin
Talk to students about the different layers of skin. Explain that skin is sensitive and items feel differently against it. Divide students into groups. Give each group a bag of items. A picture of each item should be on a poster. Have children describe each item they touch. Provide students with different items that they can associate with items they feel. Have students glue cotton next to the picture of an item that feels soft, burlap next to an item that feels rough and a piece of cardboard next to a pictured item that feels hard.
Skeleton
Show students a model of a skeleton. Encourage students to identify different bones. Use self-sticking paper notes to label the bones. Then give students a piece of construction paper, glue and ear swabs. Cut some of the ear swabs different sizes and leave one whole for the spine. Ask students to glue the ear swabs on the paper to create skeletons. Provide students with a small circle of paper that they can use as the face.
Anatomy Uses
Talk about the different parts of the body with students. Discuss how hands, feet, arms and other parts of the body help humans move. Then divide children into groups. Give them a small task and ask them to draw the parts of the body that help them do it. For example, tell them to walk across the room. Kids might find they swing their arms and move their feet, knees and legs. This activity heightens the students' awareness that parts of the body are connected and work together.
Class Anatomy Project
Provide each student with a picture of a body part or facial feature. He should color or decorate his body part. Punch a whole in each piece and use yarn to attach the pieces. Glue facial features to a circle. Encourage students to tell you which pieces you should attach to each other. Consider using a rectangular cardboard piece as the body. Children will enjoy sharing their creations with the class.
Tags: parts body, body part, groups Give, item that, item that feels, learn about, that feels
A primary symptom of liver disease is referred to as jaundice, when the skin turns an orange or pale yellow color. The whites of the eyes can also be afflicted with this discoloration.
Jaundice
There are several ways the liver can be damaged that lead to jaundice. Blockage of the bile ducts, acute hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease are a few.
Process
When the liver is damaged or not functioning properly, it no longer processes old blood in the production of bile. As red blood cells break down, hemoglobin should be changed into bilirubin and disposed of by the liver.
Features
As bilirubin, which has a yellowish color to it, builds up in the blood stream, it causes the skin to adopt a similar hue.
Identification
Skin color can fluctuate along with the level of bilirubin in the blood. Moderate levels cause the pale yellow color. As levels go up, it can shift to brown. Jaundice itself is not a disease, merely a symptom of malfunctioning liver process.
Warning
As a symptom, jaundice itself is not contagious. Generally, neither is the underlying liver condition unless it is caused by hepatitis, which can be infectious.
Tags: liver damaged, liver disease, pale yellow, pale yellow color, yellow color
Rapid weight loss may seem like a dream come true for someone who wants to shed body fat, but losing weight too fast can be unhealthy. Rapid weight loss has many different causes, and is sometimes the result of conscious decisions made by the person losing weight.
Crash Diets
A crash diet is an extreme diet plan that severely limits calorie intake. By eating very few calories, a person can force the body to derive its energy from calorie stores around the body. While this can lead to rapid fat burning and weight loss, it can also cause a decrease in muscle mass and overall weakness and fatigue as a result of malnutrition. A crash diet is essentially a form of anorexia, which is another potential cause of rapid weight loss.
Bulimia
Bulimia is an eating disorder where you force yourself to vomit after consuming food in order to limit the amount of calories your body actually takes in. The effect of bulimia is similar to anorexia and crash dieting--it severely limits energy intake, which can result in rapid weight loss and potentially malnutrition. Another dangerous aspect of bulimia and other eating conditions is that they can become an obsessive habit that does not stop even if the person is already a healthy weight or even underweight, causing the person to become dangerously underweight.
Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric surgery is any type of surgical procedure meant to induce weight loss, such as gastric bypass, lap band surgery and stomach stapling. These procedures often function by limiting the amount of food you can eat before feeling full. These surgeries can be very effective in promoting weight loss, and may lead to rapid weight loss in some cases. Bariatric surgery is normally only performed on people that are morbidly obese, and weight loss of a couple pounds per week can be normal in these situations.
Disease
When a person loses a large amount of weight inexplicably, the culprit may be an undiagnosed disease. Undiagnosed diabetes may result in weight loss, and cancer patients also experience rapid weight loss. Sicknesses that cause frequent vomiting and diarrhea can make it hard for the body to retain nutrients, which can also cause weight loss. If you experience rapid weight loss without an obvious cause, it's a good idea to see your doctor.
Drug Use
Certain types of drugs such as antidepressants can be a cause of rapid weight loss. Drugs that alter hormones, such as birth control pills, can also cause rapid fluctuations in weight. If you have recently started taking a new medication prior to your rapid weight loss, the drug may be the culprit. The use of illicit drugs such as heroin and cocaine can also cause weight loss as they can suppress your appetite.
Tags: weight loss, rapid weight loss, weight loss, also cause, rapid weight, cause rapid, also cause weight
Radiology technicians take X-rays, a valuable diagnostic tool for doctors.
Radiology technicians, or radiographers, create X-ray films of various parts of the human body for review by a physician. A technician explains the procedure, has a patient prepare by disrobing and removing jewelry and positions the patient so that the X-ray machine will capture the appropriate area. The technician also maintains the machinery and documents all use of the equipment. Radiology technologists perform similar tasks with other machines, such as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or mammography machines.
Hospital Training or College
Individuals can get into the field of radiology through numerous avenues. A variety of hospitals offer on-site training to employees that can lead to certification in less than two years. Also, associate's degree and bachelor's degree programs provide formal training in radiobiology. The accrediting body for radiography programs is the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology. In 2009, this group accredited 213 certificate programs, 397 associate's degree programs and 35 bachelor's-level programs.
Associate's Degree
An associate's degree is the most popular way to train for a career in radiobiology. Programs generally include both educational information and clinical instruction that will ensure an easier transition to the work place. Courses of study are: anatomy and physiology, patient care procedures, radiation physics, radiation protection, imaging principles, medical terminology, ethics, radiobiology and pathology.
Licensure and Certification
Federal legislation recommends licensure of radiology technicians in the interest of public health and safety. However, it is up to each individual state to determine any requirements. Most states have enacted a requirement for licensure; however, these requirements vary from state to state. Each state's board of health can provide specific details. As well, the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) offers voluntary certification. Such certification may improve an individual's employment prospects.
Other Requirements
A career as a radiology technician can be physically demanding. It will involve many hours of standing, as well as lifting and moving injured or unwell patients.
College students need to keep expenses down while saving money.
The key to financial prosperity is saving money early in life, which gives your money time to work for you. College students have the opportunity to cut unnecessary expenses, avoid incurring debt and interest payments, and take advantage of scholarships and grants.
Use the Time Value of Money to Your Advantage
Compound interest will help you build wealth over time. If you invest only $50 per month and earn 8 percent annually, your savings will grow to $74,518 in 30 years. Every dollar counts, so don't be discouraged if you can only invest small amounts each month. Tracking where money is being spent is fundamental and is a lesson best learned early in life.
Start Saving Early
The most important factor in taking advantage of compound interest is giving your money time to grow. It's imperative that you start saving as early as possible so the interest you have earned can accumulate. Have your employer direct-deposit money from your paycheck into a savings account each month to automate the process.
Track Your Spending
Know where your money is going to maintain control of your finances. Create a budget and track your expenses with any tool that works for you. Whether you use a pen and paper or financial software, you'll avoid paying overdraft fees by knowing your financial picture.
Take Advantage of Financial Aid
Invest time looking for scholarships and grants, as this money will not be a debt for you to repay. This money is available for students regardless of which year of college you are in. Consult your school's financial aid office for guidance, and search the Internet for potential programs. You also can reapply for aid that you were denied in previous years. Finally, be sure to pay attention to deadlines and get all applications submitted in time.
Avoid Excessive Credit Card Usage
Only use credit cards for emergencies, since the interest paid is an unnecessary expense. The annual interest rate on credit card purchases is often higher than 20 percent, so always pay your balance in full every month. Avoid credit cards with high interest rates, especially store-branded offerings. "If credit card debt in general is bad, store cards are the absolute worst debt that you could have," said Mellody Hobson of "Good Morning America."
Eliminate Unnecessary Expenses
Consider leaving your car at home. Many universities have excellent public transportation in place, making your car, gas and insurance unnecessary expenses. You also can avoid potential parking fines and speeding tickets by not driving.
Look for Discounts and Clip Coupons
The low cost of a newspaper will be repaid in the form of grocery savings through coupons. You also can find coupons online by visiting manufacturers' websites.
Treat Eating Out as a Luxury
Eat at home whenever possible, and treat eating out as a luxury. Consider preparing food in large quantities and freezing portions for quick meals later in the week.
Buy Used When Possible
The cost of new textbooks often can be as much as the tuition for the course. Avoid this hefty expense by purchasing your books used. Shop online for a gently used copy of each book and resell your books at the end of each term to recoup some of the cost.
Save on Health Insurance
Compare your options for health insurance. You may be able to obtain coverage on your parents' policy. If you have to purchase insurance, check with your university to see if discounts are available. Otherwise, many employers offer insurance to part-time employees. For example, Starbucks only requires employees to work 20 hours a week in order to receive medical and dental coverage.
Tags: your money, credit card, credit cards, each month, early life
Children can participate in an out-of-town class trip or obtain new sports equipment for a red-hot soccer team with the help of a sponsor endorsement. Securing sponsor support for a child can be accomplished by approaching the task in a uniform and diligent manner. A sponsor endorsement campaign should be a rewarding experience for the child as well as for the parent or adult involved. Sponsor endorsements are typically utilized when the notoriety of the name, business, or organization involved will assist in securing much-needed funds for the child, making it a win-win situation for the sponsor and the child.
Instructions
1. Make a plan. Describe the cause you are seeking sponsor support for. Research what type of organizations, causes, or charities the individual, business, or potential sponsor organization is affiliated with or has been a sponsor for before. Highlight the child's academic or other involvement or accomplishments. Include the timeline you are working with and ask if you can have the permission of the sponsor-to-be to use their name and a quote from their endorsement.
2. Organize a small committee of supporters from your family, neighbors, and school in order to delegate responsibilities. Divide the tasks into easily completed segments that will take no more than an hour or so per week of the committee member's time. Encourage the school PTA to assist in securing sponsor endorsements and to send you a list of possible sponsors that they know and would not mind contacting on behalf of the child.
3. Contact the potential sponsors with an initial phone call to ask permission to send a follow-up letter or email. If you are asking for endorsements from a sponsor to assist in raising money, make certain you include information concerning the cost of the project and specifically how the money will be used to accomplish the child's goals.
4. Follow up all sponsor contacts with a short reminder phone call or email and include information about other sponsor endorsements that have been secured. Business and organization sponsors as well as individual sponsors will feel more comfortable if there are more than one or two sponsors involved, unless they are major sponsors in your area, such as a large business, local public official, area celebrity or media figure.
5. Send a thank-you note to the sponsor as well as a quick note to the local newspaper or media outlet after obtaining a sponsor's endorsement. Make certain the thank-you note or letter is brief. It might be a good idea to have the note sent from the child in the child's own words to make the note seem more sincere to the recipient.
Tags: assist securing, include information, more than, phone call, sponsor endorsement, sponsor endorsements
Medicare insurance covers people over age 65 and is a government program.
Medicare does not lend itself to simple explanation. First, it is a federal government program. Enough said. Also, like all health insurance coverage, little appears to be in black or white, with gray areas dominating the specific landscape. However, the two primary parts (A and B) of Medicare can be briefly defined. The two additional coverage areas (C and D) can, at least, be noted to help you understand their purpose. To be eligible for Medicare coverage, you must be 65 or older.
Medicare Part A
Part A covers you for services of medical "entities." This coverage contains benefits for hospitals, skilled nursing care facilities, home health care and hospice care treatment. For in-patient hospital treatment, you are covered for up to 90 days for each "spell of illness." Medicare patients must satisfy a deductible before benefits begin. After you are out of hospital for 60 days after in-patient treatment, you may be covered for another "spell of illness" for up to 90 days. Additional time periods apply to skilled nursing, home health and hospice care based on the differences in their rates and treatment types.
Medicare Part B
Part B, an optional feature, covers you for non-institution services, like doctor's visits, inoculations, medical tests and other outpatient services. For those receiving monthly Social Security payments, the government will deduct Part B premiums for you -- around $100 per month. Like Part A, before Medicare pays anything, you must meet annual deductible amounts. Always learn if your physician accepts Medicare payments, as you will be responsible for any charges that are in excess of these insurance reimbursements.
Part C
Called Medicare Advantage (MA), this coverage is offered by private insurance companies and effectively replaces Parts A and B. You must be enrolled in both standard Medicare coverage (Parts A and B) to be eligible for this protection. Part C plans can be structured as HMOs (health maintenance organizations), PPPs (preferred provider plans) or private fee for service plans, which means you can use any physician willing to accept Medicare payment for services. MA plans are popular because you can get services unavailable from Medicare, like dental and vision coverage.
Part D
Medicare Part D offers prescription drug coverage. Available since 2006, Part D coverage can be a wonderful benefit for seniors who must continue a regimen of expensive medications on a regular basis. Like Parts A and B, there is a penalty if one enrolls in Part D at a time other than the annual enrollment period or when you turn 65. Penalties for late enrollment are similar, usually around 10 percent of the monthly premium combined with the number of months elapsed before you enrolled. Annual enrollment periods run from November 15 to December 31 every year.
Medigap Coverage
An alternative to Part C Medical Advantage plans, Medigap coverage attempts to fill the "gaps" in Medicare Parts A and B. When you examine the coverage offered by Parts A and B, you will learn that there are gaps that will cost you out-of-pocket money, even after annual deductibles are met. Purchasing Part C MA plans eliminates and replaces Parts A and B, while Medigap assists with coverage when you still have Parts A and B. Medigap plans are offered by private insurance companies.
Tags: Medicare Part, coverage offered, government program, home health, hospice care, insurance companies
Drug screens are performed to detect the presence of drugs and drug metabolites in the body. Drug metabolites exist in the body for a period of time after the effects of the drug have worn off and the drug itself has been metabolized. Drug metabolites are excreted from the body and are detectable in bodily fluids through a variety of means.
Function
Drug screens may be administered prior to certain types of employment. The federal government of the United States requires that a drug screen takes place before a commercial driver's license is issued. Drug screens may be administered to employees, students, athletes, those on probation and those suspected of driving while intoxicated. The SAMHSA-5 is a group of five types of drugs for which standardized drug tests screen. The SAMHSA-5 are amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates and phencyclidine or PCP.
Urinalysis
Urinalysis is a means of examining a urine sample. The urine sample is examined macroscopically, microscopically and chemically. The urine sample is inspected for anomalies of appearance and coloration. Under a microscope, the urine sample is inspected for damaged cells and the presence of microorganisms. A chemical "dipstick" is dipped into the urine sample to determine the chemical composition of the sample.
Blood Test
Blood tests are the most expensive and invasive type of drug screening procedure, but they are the most accurate. Blood is withdrawn from a vein or artery and examined to detect both the presence of drugs and drug metabolites. Blood tests accurately reveal a current state of intoxication and are often utilized as part of DUI cases.
Hair Follicle Test
Drug metabolites can be detected within strands of hair. The cortex of a strand of hair will reveal drug metabolites for as long as the hair has been growing. A long enough strand of hair may reveal when drug use, particularly of opiates, occurred and when it ceased. However, metabolites of cocaine may travel up and down the cortex of a strand of hair, making it difficult to detect when the drug was used.
Saliva Test
A sample of oral fluid may be obtained and examined to reveal drug use. Saliva tests more accurately reveal the use of amphetamines, cocaine and opiates than the use of cannabinoids.
Sweat Test
A patch, much like an adhesive bandage, worn for approximately two weeks will reveal the use of drugs by the metabolites excreted through sweating. Relative to other forms of drug screening, sweat testing is uncommon. Sweat testing is most frequently used to test those on probation.
With the obesity rates surging throughout the nation, most people dream of weighing less than they currently do. Imagine if there were a pill you could take that would make you lose those extra pounds without any effort. Or better, suppose you could just lose weight by yourself, without doing anything at all. That might seem great at first, but most likely the underlying cause for your unusual weight loss is not something to celebrate.
Unusual Weight Loss
The website Medline Plus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Health and the National Institutes of Health, says this about unusual weight loss: "Unintentional weight loss is a decrease in body weight that is not voluntary. In other words, you did not try to lose the weight by dieting or exercising." According to the Resident & Staff Physician, "clinically significant weight loss can be defined as a loss of 10 lb. (4.5 kg) or more of usual body weight in a period of 6 months or less."
Reasons
There are many reasons why you might suddenly lose weight without trying. The New York Times' Health Guide lists 14: AIDS; cancer; depression; diarrhea that is chronic (lasts a long time); drugs, including amphetamines, chemotherapy drugs, laxatives (when abused) and thyroid medications; drug abuse; eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia; hyperthyroidism; infection; loss of appetite; malnutrition; manipulative behavior (in children); painful mouth sores, mouth braces or a loss of teeth that prevent you from eating normally; and smoking. There are potentially additional reasons not listed here.
Population Most at Risk
While unusual weight loss may happen to anyone, the population to whom it happens most frequently is the very old. A recent article in "Resident & Staff Physician" says that unintentional weight loss occurs in up to 10 percent of adult outpatients, 13 percent of elderly outpatients and 50 to 65 percent of nursing home patients. The article also points out that "[s]ignificant weight loss usually involves serious underlying medical or psychiatric problems, so a thorough evaluation to determine its cause is required." In other words, depression and stress are huge factors.
Misconceptions
There are times in our lives when we may lose weight without actively trying. For example, after a pregnant woman gives birth to her child, she may start losing lots of weight without going on a diet or exercising. The reasons are twofold. Her body is working hard to produce milk and then breastfeed. Also, the body is always striving toward its most typical, most comfortable weight, which means she may lose the "baby" weight without effort. People who engage in excessive eating during a prolonged period of time, say the holidays, will often lose the weight they gained when they return to their normal, healthier eating habits for the very same reason.
Prevention
Practicing a balanced lifestyle in every area is crucial to preventing unusual weight loss. These areas include exercising most days of the week, eating a healthy diet, sleeping 8 hours a day, taking vacations, scheduling time for fun and spending time with loved ones. If you work 12 to 15 hours 7 days a week, you are almost guaranteed to become depressed and/or stressed out, which may lead to weight loss.
For help with an inadequate diet, visit a licensed nutritionist. Visit your doctor if you feel you are leading a healthy lifestyle but are still losing weight.
Scars affect the smooth texture and even color of the skin. While treatment for scars has been limited in the past, there are more options today to rid the appearance of scars. Silicone gel sheets are effective for treating scars. Does this Spark an idea?
Uses
Silicone sheets are used for scar prevention on wounded areas after injury or surgery. They are also used to treat pre-existing older scars. The scar areas may vary in size and thickness.
Types
Silicone sheets can treat small scars from cuts or burns, or scars from larger, more invasive wounds. They are often advertised as effective treatments for keloid and hypertrophic scars, breast surgery scars and other surgical scars, stretch marks, C-section scars and severe burn scars.
Functions
The ultimate function of silicone sheets is to reduce the appearance of scars by achieving two objectives: smoothing any textural irregularity caused by the scar, and correcting any discoloration at the skin's surface. Healthy cells must regenerate the affected area to replace the irregular skin cells and tissue.
How It Works
Exactly how the mechanism of silicone improves the scars is still not confirmed in the medical field, although according to the report on silicone scar treatment on MakeMeHeal.com, it has been suggested that increased pressure, oxygen tension, hydration and silicon presence promote healthy skin restoration. The applied sheets can produce a static electric field that results from the material's friction.
Effectiveness
ScarHeal.com reports that dermatologists and plastic surgeons frequently recommend silicone sheets for scar treatment, and that ScarFX silicone sheets, specifically, have an 80 percent success rate.
Benefits
Silicone sheets minimize the visibility of scars with direct pressure on the area, versus ointments and gels, which apply no pressure. Silicone sheets are convenient and easy to apply and use daily, since they aren't greasy, don't stain and don't stick to clothes.
Radiology is a medical specialty in which imaging technology is examined and used to identify, diagnose and treat diseases. Interventional radiology is a subset of this specialty, in which image guidance is used to perform minimally invasive procedures. An interventional radiology nurse has very specific roles that are different from a regular nurse's roles.
Patient Monitoring
The nurse plays a vital role in such procedures as the ultrasound-guided biopsy when the patient is sedated. The nurse must monitor the patient, and keep track of the patient's vitals. For example, the nurse needs to inform the doctor if the patient's blood pressure is rising, and the nurse needs to watch the patient's heart rate. For biopsy procedures without sedation or analgesia, a health care assistant could take the place of the nurse.
Patient Care
The interventional radiology nurse assesses if certain procedures can be performed in a single day, or if the patient needs to be in the hospital longer. Since the availability of beds is an issue in a hospital, the nurse must carefully decide if the patient needs to stay overnight. Before the operation, the nurse needs to begin any routine investigations for the patient, such as making sure the patient receives intravenous hydration before contrast injections. Furthermore, the nurse needs to answer any questions that the patient might have about his procedure.
Patient Safety
Additionally, the nurse's role on the multidisciplinary team is to plan for the safety of the patient during the procedure or operation. When a procedure is more complex, more than one nurse might need to be present in the treatment room to ensure the patient's safety. The nurse also has a role during the procedure to help the patient feel comfortable. This means monitoring the patient's pain, and providing relief if the patient indicates that she is feeling too much pain. However, it also means providing emotional support for the patient if she needs it. Further, during the procedure, the nurse may have to place venous cannulae and administer intravenous drugs to the patient. Thus, the nurse must be trained in anaphylaxis skills.
With the ever-rising cost of healthcare, workplace wellness programs may help employers save money in the long-run.
Historically-high health care costs represent an increasingly heavy burden for U.S. employers. For this reason, many businesses have implemented so-called "workplace wellness" programs which provide incentives to employees who agree to practice healthy and health care cost-cutting behaviors like quitting smoking and exercising. According to an August 2008 MetLife study, one-third of employers said they had workplace wellness programs, which is up from just over 25 percent in 2005. However, as economic conditions remained challenging, as of mid-2010, some firms had reduced or eliminated their wellness programs in the interest of cost-cutting. Fortunately, some U.S. businesses and organizations may be eligible to receive grants to fund workplace wellness programs.
Federal Grants
Under the "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act," the health care reform legislation signed into law by President Obama in March 2010, $200 million was authorized for grants to small employers (defined as those who employ 100 or less individuals who work 25 or more hours per week) with workplace wellness programs in place. These grants will be distributed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services starting in 2011. To be eligible for the grant, an employer could not have a workplace wellness program in place prior to the date of enactment (March 30, 2010), and would have to meet criteria related to health awareness including efforts to maximize employee engagement; provide initiatives to change unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles; and create an overall supportive work environment.
State Grants
Some U.S. state governments also dedicate funding to workplace wellness initiatives including workplace wellness grants for employers or a state-funded workplace wellness program. In January 2009, the state of Massachusetts launched a program called Mass in Motion, which aims to promote wellness and to prevent obesity in the state. In 2009, Massachusetts awarded over $1 million in wellness grants, including expansion of a state-sponsored workplace wellness program. In the state of Maryland, state agencies can receive workplace wellness grants for exercise equipment as well as health and exercise classes.
Foundation Grants
Certain charitable foundations also offer workplace wellness grants to qualifying employers or organizations. The California Wellness Foundation, for example, awards wellness grants, including grants for workplace wellness, to qualifying nonprofit organizations in California. The Maryland-based Horizon Foundation awards workplace wellness grants to local businesses which promote employee health and wellness. Every year, the foundation, together with the Howard County, Maryland Chamber of Commerce, awards select local businesses with a workplace wellness grant in the amount of $2,500. Horizon Foundation President and CEO Richard Krieg stated of the program, "It's not just about the monetary prize, but more about implementing a consciousness of workplace wellness throughout the business community."
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According to the Mayo Clinic, many women experience an ovarian cyst during their lives and do not know it. Since most cysts heal themselves after a few weeks or months, there is usually no cause for concern. However, cysts can cause symptoms that are sometimes more serious. Knowing what these symptoms are can help you and your doctor determine what type of cyst you have and if medical intervention is necessary.
Abdominal Symptoms
Because ovarian cysts can press on the contents of your pelvis, you can experience pressure or a sense of fullness in your lower pelvic region. This can eventually turn to pain if the cyst is large enough. Pain can be isolated to your lower pelvic region, your lower back or down into your thighs. It can range from a dull ache to extreme pain. Also, if the cyst ruptures, pain can be associated with that. Pain is often common during intercourse as well as during bowel movements. Nausea can occur when your bowels are affected. If they press upon your bladder you may find that you are not completely emptying your bladder when you go.
Hormonal Changes
Ovarian cysts can also cause a number of changes to your hormonal balance. You may find you have an increase in breast tenderness. Also, as the hormonal balance changes, you can experience an increased amount of facial hair. Some women who never before had whiskers, will find they have developed a few growing on their chin or neck.
Another of the more common symptoms of ovarian cysts is a change in menstruation. You may find that you are missing periods and it is not due to pregnancy. Or your periods may be late for no apparent reason or irregular. You may find you have a short period and then two weeks later a longer one followed by another long one six weeks down the road. Painful periods are common as well. Since cysts tend to form when the ovaries go through ovulation, your hormones may be telling the cysts to grow in size or allowing more to form.
Extreme Symptoms
For the most part, cysts are not a serious medical concern even though they can cause troublesome symptoms. Most of the time, the cysts will resolve themselves; however, from time to time they can become serious and there are a number of symptoms that will let you know it is time to seek immediate medical attention. One of the most telling symptoms is if you experience a sudden onset of extreme pain. Sometimes the pain will be accompanied by a fever and or vomiting. If you find that you are extremely dizzy or faint, this is also cause for concern, as an is an increase in your breathing rate.
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