Uterine fibroids grow inside and outside of the uterus. Usually these growths do not cause any problems for women. For some women, the growths cause excessive bleeding and pain. The doctor may suggest removing the growths to relieve these symptoms. A myomectomy removes only the fibroids and leaves the uterus intact. Returning to physical exercise after the procedure will depend on your recovery and the doctor's instructions.
While in the Hospital
Doctors recommend walking after uterine fibroid removal surgery to prevent blood clots. Myomectomy is performed with laparoscopic surgery or it may require more conventional "open" surgery. Your ability to walk comfortably after the procedure depends on the type of surgery that you have had. Patients who have had an open myomectomy will begin walking while they are still in the hospital. Getting out of the bed and walking around the room slowly is encouraged in patients after the procedure. You will eventually be able to walk up and down the hospital corridors before the doctor discharges you.
Breathing exercises help patients who have had an open myomectomy. In addition to breathing and coughing exercises, the nurses will show you some leg exercises that you can perform in the hospital bed. These exercises improve circulation when you are spending a great deal of time in bed.
After Discharge
Strenuous activity is limited in the first few days after a myomectomy. The doctor will limit the amount of weight that you can safely lift to five or 10 pounds. Strenuous housecleaning or activity is also limited until you get the go ahead from your doctor.
Walking is encouraged after you return home, but you should limit your walking to as much as you can tolerate without pain. You can climb stairs, but you should take it slowly and stop every few steps to rest.
Return to Normal Activity
You should be able to return to your normal activities in six to eight weeks after the procedure. A laparoscopic procedure may have a shorter recovery time, but your doctor will let you know when it is appropriate to return to your pre-surgery exercise.
You may feel fatigued after the procedure. This is normal, and your energy will return as your body heals. The time that it will take to return to your pre-surgery exercises depends on how well your recovery progresses and the extent of the surgery. Patients who are in good physical shape before the surgery may be able to return to physical exercise faster.
Discuss your progress with your doctor during your post-surgery checkup.
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The Nevada state legislature overwhelmingly passed a sweeping domestic partner bill in 2009, overcoming a veto from the governor. Nevada's bill provides one of the country's most comprehensive packages of partner rights to couples of any sex or gender, falling short only when compared to California, Oregon and Washington. Unfortunately, Nevada's bill does not provide much help to partners seeking health coverage.
Employee Benefits
Nevada's law does not require employers who offer health insurance to employees' spouses to also offer plans to employees' domestic partners. The state's website claims that the law provides ample protection by allowing employers to offer benefits voluntarily, but as only one state ever banned voluntary benefits, the generosity of the law could be disputed. The law firm Holland and Hart ventures that a legal challenge to require employers to provide domestic partner coverage could arise, considering that the bill claims to usher in equal treatment, yet does not stop discrimination against domestic partners in the area of employer-provided health care.
Private Policies
Private policies must offer joint plans to domestic partners, but the law does not require the plans to be identical in coverage or cost to those offered to married spouses. Regardless of state laws, domestic partners cannot deduct the cost of a partner's policy from federal taxes.
COBRA
COBRA, the coverage program that allows employees to continue health coverage from a past employer after being laid off, does not accept the domestic partners of former employees, though it accepts spouses. Regardless of state law, the federal government runs the program and does not recognize domestic partnerships.
State Employees
Nevada expanded its employee health program to the domestic partners of state employees in 2008. Registered domestic partners of any sex or gender and their children can claim health insurance from the state if the other partner works as a state employee.
Tags: domestic partners, Benefits Nevada, does require, domestic partner, domestic partners state
California phlebotomists must be certified by the state.
The phlebotomist is a specialized health care professional who draws blood samples for patient testing. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the need for laboratory technicians such as phlebotomists is expected to grow by 14 percent between 2008 and 2018. Those interested in pursuing a career in phlebotomy will benefit from flexible work schedules and working with the public. Northern California has numerous choices for phlebotomy training programs for students entering the field.
Training Function
California requires phlebotomists to have state certification. An approved phlebotomy training program prepares the aspiring phlebotomist for state certification and employment through both theoretical and practical training. Contact the California Department of Health Services for a list of state-approved programs.
Public Education
The major advantage of attending a phlebotomy course at public community college is the tuition cost. As of 2010, the California community college system charges $26 per unit. The number of units required varies for each college. For example, Ohlone College in Fremont requires 10 semester units for a certificate of completion. Cabrillo College in Aptos, on the other hand, requires 15 semester units. Books and lab supplies are not included in the tuition cost.
Private Education
Private training is another option for aspiring phlebotomists. Private courses are generally flexible to accommodate student work schedules. Many offer classes during the evenings and weekends. Also, private programs last a few months rather than an entire semester. For example, the Kaiser Permanente School of Allied Health Services phlebotomy training course runs slightly longer than two months. The 2010 fee for Kaiser Permanente's program is $2,275, but that includes tuition, books and lab fees.
Time to Completion
Individual training programs may last a few weekends or an entire semester. However, the training program must consist of at least 40 hours of classes and 40 hours of practical clinical training. In addition, a student must complete at least 50 successful venipunctures and 10 successful skin punctures on patients.
Considerations
Your phlebotomy training program will assist you with attaining an externship, or the practical portion of your training, with a local hospital or clinic. Inquire with the training program administrators about job placement and recommendations after the program's completion. Also, every training program requires students to undergo a health examination and submit evidence of immunization. Health screening is a necessity for all health care workers.
Tags: training program, phlebotomy training, community college, entire semester, health care
There are many benefits to starting a non profit organization. Legal incorporation provides resources that are generally not available to individuals or groups in any other way. These resources have helped organizations change laws and influence elections, cultural focus and business practices. They have been used to educate and organize the public around environmental, health, poverty and many other issues.
Strength in Numbers
Non profit organizations started under 501(c)4 can lobby elected officials. They have the power to organize large groups of people and solicit contributions in order to change legislation or put pressure on large companies to change their business practices.
Tax Exemption
Non profit groups with 501(c)3 status can receive exemptions from local, state and federal taxes. They may not have to pay property taxes, income tax or sales tax.
Grants
Most grant-making foundations and governmental bodies will only award grants to legally incorporated non profit organizations. Public contributors can also receive tax breaks when giving to public charities.
Legal Entity
The act of starting and incorporating a non profit organization creates a legal entity that has an identity and mission that is separate from any single individual involved with the group.
Liability
An indemnification clause typically included in the "Articles of Incorporation" of a non profit organization relieves any individual from being personally liable for debts and obligations incurred by the non profit organization.
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Erosive arthritis can seriously alter an individual's quality of life.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, arthritis is the No. 1 cause of disability in the U.S. Just over 8 million adults report working limitations due to degenerative joint disease. Erosive arthritis is an extremely painful type of osteoarthritis, for which radiology is the best diagnostic tool.
Identification
Erosive arthritis is a serious and incapacitating degenerative joint disease. According to John Hopkins University, it occurs most often in women who have reached menopause. Because symptoms of this condition frequently mimic those of rheumatoid arthritis, X-rays usually confirm the diagnosis.
Significance
X-rays of the hands usually reveal the serious degenerative changes that are the hallmark of the disease. According to the John Hopkins Arthritis Center, these changes are especially obvious in the joints of the fingers, and sometimes cause painful "contractures" or other deformities. Bony projections called "spurs" may also show up on the X-rays.
Benefits of Radiology
Radiology is a diagnostic tool that offers many advantages over other methods of evaluation. Diagnostic tools such as X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging show the exact intensity of the inflammation seen in erosive arthritis. This approach also enables radiologists to see the precise degree of erosion, and according to the Arthritis Foundation, X-rays also reveal whether or not ankylosis--the fusion of a joint--is present.
Tags: Erosive arthritis, According John, According John Hopkins, degenerative joint, degenerative joint disease, diagnostic tool, disease According
Medicaid covers the cost of hospital services for low-income families that meet eligibility requirements.
Medicaid, a government-funded program, allows low-income families who meet eligibility requirements to have access to health care. States administer the programs, in part with federal funds, and set eligibility guidelines regarding income, resources and other factors. People may have certain assumptions about various aspects of the program that, in truth, are myths rather than facts.
Eligibility
Not all people or families with low incomes are eligible for Medicaid. In addition to meeting the limits for income and financial resources, Medicaid applicants generally must fall into one of several categories: pregnant women; parents of children and teenagers; people who are 65 or older, blind or disabled; and people who are coming off welfare and need health coverage. Others may be eligible, depending on their state's standards, but should not count on receiving Medicaid.
Recipients
Contrary to popular assumption, Medicaid is not a welfare system for the unemployed. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, 65 percent of Medicaid recipients are from working families. Although Medicaid originally was tied to the welfare system, it has been a separate program since 1996. For the unemployed who receive Medicaid, the program acts as a supplement to other government assistance programs while providing vital health coverage.
Services
The government does not cover 100 percent of recipients' health-care costs. For example, according to AARP, nursing home residents who receive Medicaid benefits may have to contribute their entire income to pay for their care. They may get to keep an allowance of $30 to $50 a month, depending on the state, to pay for necessities such as clothes, laundry and toiletries. Medicaid also does not provide "Cadillac" medical coverage the way some private plans do. Benefits typically are no-frills, sometimes meeting only the minimum standards for care services.
Relation to Medicare
Some people might think that once they qualify for Medicare, the government health-care program for U.S. citizens 65 and older, they no longer need Medicaid benefits. For those who require long-term care, such as nursing home care, only Medicaid covers those services. Furthermore, those who can afford only the most basic Medicare coverage might also need Medicaid for prescription drugs, preventive and diagnostic care and vision benefits such as eyeglasses. Medicaid benefits might cover the Medicare premium, along with deductibles and up to 20 percent of costs that Medicare does not cover.
Tags: Medicaid benefits, does cover, eligibility requirements, health coverage, low-income families, Medicaid covers
Pharmacy techs fill prescriptions under the supervision and guidance of pharmacists.
Pharmacy technicians work in a variety of environments, including retail pharmacies, hospitals and compounding pharmacies. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary of a pharmacy tech in May 2008 was $13.32 per hour. The amount of job opportunities for pharmacy techs is expected to rise from 2008 to 2018, making this a stable career field. Pharmacy technicians must pass the certification exam administered by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board to be certified.
Mount Ida College
Located in Newton, Massachusetts, Mount Ida College offers a 50-hour pharmacy technician training program. Upon completion of the program, students should be prepared for the PTCB certification exam. Throughout the course of the program, students learn about medical terminology, read prescriptions, inventory control, billing reimbursement, properly dispense medication, and the names and uses of the most commonly prescribed medications.
Mount Ida College
777 Dedham Street
Newton, MA 02459
617-928-4015
mountida.edu
Anne Arundel Community College
Anne Arundel Community College, located in Arnold, Maryland, offers a two-term pharmacy technician training program. The first term is spent in the classroom learning about anatomy and physiology; prescription processing; and the names, uses and dosages of the most commonly prescribed medications. The second term consists of a pharmacy practicum in which the students gain real-world, hands-on experience practicing the skills they have learned in the classroom.
Anne Arundel Community College
101 College Parkway
Arnold, MD 21012
410-777-2222
aacc.edu
Arapahoe Community College
Arapahoe Community College, located in Littleton, Colorado, offers a 23-week pharmacy technician training program. The program includes 15 weeks of didactic training, 10 weeks of hands-on lab training and two internships, each of which is four weeks in length. Upon completion of the program, students will have practiced compounding medications, filling prescriptions, and working in both a hospital and retail pharmacy environment.
Arapahoe Community College
5900 South Santa Fe Drive
Littleton, CO 80120
303-797-5944
arapahoe.edu
Tags: Community College, Anne Arundel, Anne Arundel Community, Arapahoe Community, Arapahoe Community College, Arundel Community
If you want to get a gift for a woman over 40, several ideas may come to mind. Clothing is a popular choice but you have to know her personal style and size, which leaves room for error. You may consider more generic items like flowers or candy, but gifts like this may lack a personal touch. For someone 40 and over, consider a gift that is a little more personal with just the right dash of creativity.
Basket Case
Present her with a gift basket of her favorite foods.
One of the best things about a gift basket is that it can be generic for someone you may not know very well or it can be personalized for someone whom you've known most of your life. If your over-40 friend loves Italian cooking, present her with a basket of all her favorite pastas and sauces and even stick in an Italian cookbook so she can whip up some of her own recipes. If she's into novels, place a few of her favorite classics inside the gift basket. Mix it up by adding a few poetry essays. If she's into 1980s Tom Cruise movies, throw in "Top Gun," "Risky Business" and "Cocktail" for that complete nostalgic experience.
Oldies But Goodies
Buy her that antique clock she's had her eye on.
If finances permit, this is the perfect time to present her with an antique that she has been admiring. Maybe your sister or your best friend spends every weekend checking out antiques. Find out what she likes and buy it for her. Maybe she's been eyeing that beautiful antique brooch or maybe it's a certain lamp or chair. Surprise her with it as a gift. A more cost-effective gift may be having that antique rocking chair refurbished. It's a gift that is simple but very personal that she will appreciate.
Work It Out
New running shoes will encourage her to keep fit.
If she's into staying fit and keeping healthy, consider purchasing her a gym membership or even signing her up for that new dance class she always spoke about. If she's a walker or runner, items like a pedometer tell her how many steps she took or how many miles she ran. Perhaps she needs a brand new pair of running shoes. Find out her size and purchase the latest jogger's shoe. The best part of this gift is that you can determine how much you want to spend. If finances allow, purchase her a few of the latest nifty running gadgets like motion sensors and calorie management systems. For more on the latest running gadgets, see Resources.
Tags: gift that, gift basket, basket favorite, items like, more personal, present with, purchase latest
Breast fibroids are also known as fibrocystic breast disease, mammary displasia or benign breast disease. Breast fibroids are movable, rubbery nodules that can cause pain and swelling near the surface of the breast. Breast fibroids are benign, which means they are not cancerous. Breast fibroids are relatively common, especially in women who are older than 30. About one-third of them are due to natural consequences of the monthly menstrual hormonal cycle. Breast fibroid development begins at puberty and continues until menopause, after which they are usually not a problem.
What Causes Breast Fibroids?
The actual cause of breast fibroids is not completely understood. One factor that leads to their development is the natural cycling of hormones in the menstrual cycle. Levels of estrogen and progesterone, two hormones affected by the menstrual cycle, cause the breast tissue cells to grow and multiply. Other hormones such as prolactin, thyroid, insulin and growth factor also play a role. The breast tissue itself also produces hormones from its glandular cells, as well as from the fat tissue. These hormones also play an important role in the initiation and development of breast fibroids.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Because the menstrual cycle plays a role in the development of breast fibroids, symptoms may get worse just before menstruation. The most common symptom is the formation of irregular areas of tissue that are lumpy or ridgelike in the breast. These areas can be very sensitive to touch and can create a burning sensation or a dull, aching pain. These fibroids can also change the sensation of the nipple and cause itching. Fibroids are typically diagnosed by physical examination of the affected areas. Mammograms and specialized ultrasound can also be used to detect breast fibroids. To differentiate breast fibroids from breast cancer, sometimes a biopsy will be performed.
Tags: menstrual cycle, also play, breast disease, breast fibroids, Breast fibroids, breast fibroids
Patients with cancer undergo different types of treatment from chemotherapy to radiation. radiation may be external where therapy is irradiated ont a patient or internal where radiation materials are inserted into a patient. The nurse caring for a patient with internal radiation implants has to take proper precautions when carrying nursing interventions.
Instructions
1. Place, your client in a private room with his bed in the center of the room. The radiation may be able to penetrate the walls if they are not lead lined, therefore having the bed in the center of the room reduces the risk of radiation leak outside of the room.
2. Keep the patient on bedrest in a supine or flat position to prevent accidental displacement of the rdatiation insert. Place the call bell within his reach so he can contact a nurse if he needs help.
3. Inform your client that he is not radiactive instead that the inserted implants are. Which is why certain precautions have to be taken, to reduce exposure to others.
4. Never handle the radiation implants directly if they fall out by accident.Pick them up using long forceps and put them in an appropriate radioactive container. Inform the radiation officer of the situation immediately.
5. Pregnant nurses or potential visitors should not care for or be in contact with a client who has radioactive implants due to possible damage to the unborn child. Visitors and nurses should spend as little time with the client as possisble and should maintain a far distance from the patient. Visitors under 16 should not be allowed into the room.
6. Use appropriate contact precautions when handling your clients linens, urine, saliva, perspiration, vomit or feces. They may be potentially radioactive. Wear gloves and gowns to protect yourself.
7. Wear a detection badge to determine how much exposure you have had to your clients radioactive implants in order to prevent over exposure.
Tags: center room, precautions when, radiation implants, radioactive implants, with client, your client
Healthcare career training is among the programs offered at Fresno technical schools.
The sixth largest city in California, Fresno had a population of more than 476,000 residents as of July 2008. Because of its large size, the city has become a center for education in the region. In addition to its four-year universities like California State-Fresno and Fresno Pacific, Fresno is home to a number of technical colleges, which prepare students for careers in a variety of fields including healthcare and computer science.
San Joaquin Valley College
A private institution, San Joaquin Valley College operates eight branches throughout central California, including the Fresno location, which opened in 1985. Students can choose from business, medical and technical programs in business administration, corrections, healthcare administration, medical and technical assisting, industrial technology, pharmacy, surgical technology, veterinary technology and heating, ventilation and air conditioning. The college also operates an aviation campus in Fresno, where students can study aviation maintenance. Associate programs at the college can be completed within as little as 14 months of full-time study. The school offers federal and state financial aid, veterans' benefits, private lender loans and work-study opportunities. For graduates, the school's Career Services Department offers assistance locating job opportunities, writing resumes and preparing for interviews.
San Joaquin Valley College
295 East Sierra Ave.
Fresno, CA 93710
(877) 205-6389
sjvc.edu
MCed Career College
With an enrollment of around 130 students, MCed Career College is a private junior technical college located in the east Fresno suburb of Clovis. Among the school's certificate programs are business administration, legal assisting, network software engineering, medical billing, medical and dental assisting and cardiovascular and pharmacy technology. Most courses of study require 720 hours of study and 10 to 12 courses to complete. A number of courses are offered entirely online for students' convenience. Students without high school diplomas or GEDs can take an examination to gain admission to the school without completing secondary education. The college participates in federal financial aid and loan programs and provides job search workshops for students.
MCed Career College
2002 North Gateway Blvd.
Fresno, CA 93727
(559) 456-0623
mced.com
Cesar E. Chavez Adult Education Center
A public college, Cesar E. Chavez Adult Education Center offers English as a second language and GED examination preparation courses in addition to its adult career training programs. Courses include computer literacy, office administration, medical assisting, nurse assisting, vocational nursing, emergency medical technology, medical billing, security, custodial arts and food service. Some of the schools programs are offered at no charge to students and programs range from 15 weeks to one year. Day, weekend and evening classes are available to accommodate the schedules of working adults. Many of the medical programs include hands-on clinical training in area hospitals and healthcare facilities in addition to the classroom-based work.
Cesar E. Chavez Adult Education Center
2500 Stanislaus St.
Fresno, CA 93721
(559) 457-6000
fas.edu
Tags: Adult Education, Adult Education Center, Career College, Cesar Chavez, Cesar Chavez Adult
With a little guidance, students can create their own persuasive essay topics.
Persuasive essays, also referred to as "argumentative" essays, are written by middle, high school and college students. The persuasive essay is meant, through the use of a clearly stated thesis and supporting evidence, to convince the reader that the writer's point of view is viable. Persuasive essay topics can be connected to reading in English class, a subject of study in history or an argument based upon "real life" circumstances or simply written for fun.
Literature Topics
For persuasive essays on literature topics, have students write a book review that either recommends or pans a particular novel. For this essay, they should consider their classroom peers as their audience, focusing their persuasion to the reading interests of their own age group rather than the public at large. Students should take care to include specific references to the novel that make it appealing (or not) to kids their age. Alternately, have them create a persuasive character analysis. If your class has read "To Kill a Mockingbird," for example, students could create a character analysis arguing that Boo Radley is a hero or villain or that Atticus is an effective or ineffective lawyer. Students should support their claim with examples from the text.
American History Topics
For American history, consider topics that ask students to take a side concerning an issue that changed the course of the nation. Ask them to write an essay taking a stand on topics such as "Slavery was the cause of the Civil War -- true or false?" or "President Andrew Jackson -- right or wrong in his decision to relocate Native Americans west of the Mississippi?" or "Would the Civil Rights movement have succeeded if it had be a violent rather than nonviolent one?" or "Would the United States have entered World War II, even if the Japanese had not bombed Pearl Harbor?" For these essays, students should create a strong thesis that they are able to support with factual evidence.
Funny Topics
Kids can combine the rigors of proper persuasive essay writing with fun by creating funny essays that also attempt to persuade the reader. They can create an essay that argues that "Every family should be allowed only one child," one that argues that "Homework should be outlawed" or that "Playing video games is an educational activity." For these persuasive essays, remind students that they can have fun and be silly, while at the same time making sure to include supporting evidence that supports the topic's thesis. If you prefer, have students create their own topics, in subjects relating to pets, school, home or friends.
"Real Life" Topics
Students often have strong opinions on subjects that affect their daily lives on the local, national or international level. Have students write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper, arguing that your city needs a recreation center for the area's youth or that bike lanes would make it easier for kids to travel by bike safely through the streets. Alternately, bring a few editorials from the local paper to class and discuss the topics with students, having them select one to which they will write a letter in response. Students can also write a letter to the school newspaper persuading students to show spirit by attending more of the school's sporting events or one that campaigns for more healthy lunchroom food choices.
Midlife is a special time in a woman's life, the perfect opportunity for you to set new goals for yourself. The children have been shipped off to college and the housework has been reduced to an occasional load of laundry and a gentle amount of dusting on weekends, so there is no better time to rethink the direction of your life. This is your opportunity to focus on the woman you want to be. It's a chance for you to establish new limits, beginning with your health and ending with a whole new set of possibilities. Does this Spark an idea?
Health
Take control of your health. It is never too late to assume responsibility for a healthier you, especially as you approach midlife. This is a critical time in a woman's life, when her metabolism and hormone levels dramatically shift, making it difficult for her to maintain her weight and muscle mass. This increases her risk for heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers. Now would be a good time for you to establish healthier eating habits, as well as incorporating at least 60 minutes of exercise into your daily routine. Not only will it keep you feeling younger, but it will also help to fight signs of aging and predictable illnesses that tag along with it. If you really want to go the extra mile, be sure to schedule regular health screening appointments, including your annual mammogram.
Money
Save money. As you approach retirement, now is as good a time as any to begin a serious relationship with your money. The golden rule is to pay yourself first, socking away as much of your paycheck as you can get away with, even if it's just a small percentage. Look for ways to save money in your monthly expenses, whether it's conserving energy to reduce your utility bill, paying off credit card debt to save yourself money spent on interest, eating out less, clipping coupons or waiting until those must-have shoes go on sale. Every little bit helps, and the savings begin to add up, allowing for a more comfortable lifestyle down the road.
Education
Go back to school. If you have always dreamed of obtaining a degree in journalism or nursing, don't put it off any longer. Going back to school is one of the best ways to reinvent yourself, giving you a shot at a whole new life and career. Not only is investing in your education a smart way to boost your brainpower, but it is also a great way to meet new people. Though the thought of going back to school this late in the game can leave you feeling intimidated and too old, it ultimately gives you something to look forward to, and it keeps your goals fresh and within reach.
Travel
Take a tour of some ancient ruins. After having spent nearly half of your life driving in carpools and chaperoning school field trips, consider what a real vacation might look like. This time in your life can be an extraordinary adventure, and you don't necessarily have to spend a lot of money, either. Find a good travel agent and start planning to visit those places you've always dreamed of seeing. Whether it's for a long weekend or an entire summer, take a trip that will change the course of your life forever.
Express Yourself
If you have a gift to share with the world, whether it's writing the next great American novel, painting a mural, scrapbooking, photographing seascapes, redecorating your home or designing jewelry, take some time to focus on your craft. Make a bold statement and share it with those around you, including your friends, family, neighbors and community. You never know when your favorite hobby might turn into a gold mine, even it only ever makes you happy.
Tags: your life, back school, time woman, time woman life, woman life, always dreamed
Primary bone cancer, in which a tumor originates in the bone, is relatively rare. The National Cancer Institute estimates there were fewer than 2,600 cases of primary bone cancer in the U.S. in 2009. Certain types of bone cancer, such as osteosarcoma, are more common in children and young adults. Most cases of bone cancer occur in the long bones of the arm and leg, according to the Mayo Clinic. Signs and symptoms of bone cancer are usually localized in the area of the tumor.
Pain
The most common symptom of bone cancer in the arm is pain in the affected area. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the pain is often dull and achy rather than sharp, and it may or may not worsen after activity. Rest and pain medications may do nothing for the pain, which can be worse at night. The pain may gradually get worse as the tumor grows. The area may also feel tender, as if it is bruised.
Swelling
As the cancer grows in the arm, it may cause swelling. The swelling may be worse if the tumor is near a joint, such as the elbow or shoulder, and cause stiffness, making movement difficult. There may also be pressure in the area. Occasionally, bone cancer can manifest as a painless mass, in which a lump or swelling is the only symptom.
Fractures
As the tumor grows, it may weaken the bones in the arm, leading to increased risk of fractures. Although the tumor itself can grow so large as to exert enough pressure to fracture the bone on its own, the more likely scenario is a fracture from a fall or minor injury. Kidshealth.org says bone cancers are sometimes discovered after you seek treatment for a fracture.
Other Symptoms
Bone cancer, like other cancers, can cause some symptoms of illness. This may include fatigue, fever, night sweats, anemia and weight loss. The presence of these symptoms may indicate the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or other organs. Though these symptoms are common with many other conditions besides cancer, you should see a doctor if they persist or if you experience them along with other bone cancer symptoms.
Tags: bone cancer, bone cancer, these symptoms, tumor grows, worse tumor
X-ray technologists, also known as radiographic technologists, receive training in the procedures necessary to perform diagnostic imaging exams and process radiographic film. Although most radiographic technologists work in hospitals, some work in physicians' offices and private clinics. Some hospitals also have large vans that go to rural areas to ensure patients with difficulty getting to a hospital have access to X-rays and mammography facilities. Radiographic technologists also provide radiation therapy.
Education Requirements
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), most radiological technologists and technicians obtain an associate's degree, but there are also training programs available that lead to a certification and bachelor's degree. Certification programs take about 21 to 24 months to complete. In 2009, the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology accredited 213 certification programs; 397 associate's degree programs; and 35 bachelor's degree programs. All of these programs provide clinical instruction and classroom training in a variety of medical and patient care procedures including such courses as radiation physics, principles of imaging, radiobiology and pathology. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists offers a number of specialty certification and credentialing programs for radiologic technologists and radiologist assistants. According to the BLS, some recommended courses of study on the high level include, biology, physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Job Duties
Radiological technologists may specialize in a number of imaging procedures including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography.Those who specialize in these procedures receive the designation as CT technologists or MR technologists or MRI technologists. Technologists need good physical stamina because they may be required to help move or turn disabled patients to position them in order to perform the necessary imaging procedures. X-ray and imaging procedures help in diagnosing medical conditions and diseases. Technologists explain the prescribed procedure and any possible hazards to their patients and, when necessary, secure the patient. Technologists are responsible for protecting themselves, patients and co-workers from unnecessary radiation. Technologists process films and explain the results to staff and physicians as well as maintain patient records, file and categorize film. According to the BLS, some technologists and technicians work for several facilities and employers.
Advancement
Opportunities for advancement in this field require additional training and experience or specialization in one or more types of imaging procedures. Radiologic technologists can advance to positions such as radiologist assistant, chief radiologic technologist or supervisor. Those who go on to earn a master's degree in areas such as business or health administration may advance to the position of department administrator or director.
Employment Outlook
According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment in this field should increase by approximately 17 percent over the decade of 2008 to 2018. The Agency attributes this projected increase to the success of imagining procedures in monitoring the treatment of disease and the need for most diagnostic imaging as the population grows and ages.
Earnings
According to the BLS, the average median wage for radiologic technologists during the reporting period of May 2008 was $52,210. The agency reports the earnings for 50 percent of radiologic technologists ranged from $42,710 to $63,010. The highest 10 percent earned in excess of $74,970, while the lowest 10 percent earned less than $35,100.
Tags: imaging procedures, According some, associate degree, bachelor degree, Bureau Labor
State universities in California include the 23 campuses in the California State University and the 10 campuses in the University of California systems. Together, they enroll approximately 609,000 students and hire more than 138,000 faculty and staff members. You have a plethora of academic fields from which to choose in arts, science and technical fields. State universities vary in size, ranging from fewer than 10,000 students to more than 30,000. Campuses include city and rural landscapes.
San Diego State University
San Diego State University is the oldest university in San Diego and the third oldest in the California State University system. SDSU offers 84 bachelor's degrees, 75 master's degrees, 15 doctoral degrees and 78 minors in art and culture, math, science, engineering and computer sciences. Approximately 34,000 undergraduate and graduate students study each semester. U.S. News and World Reports ranked the university one of "America's Best Colleges" in its 2009 guide.
San Diego State University
5500 Campanile Dr.
San Diego, CA 92182
(619) 594-5200
sdsu.edu
Humboldt State University
Humboldt State University in Arcata, California, sits on 144 rural acres on the Pacific coast, in the Redwood Forests on Preston Hill. According to the university website, HSU offers 49 undergraduate majors, 84 minors, 12 graduate programs and more than 21 diploma and certificate programs. Programs include arts, humanities, social sciences, education, business, biology, forestry and oceanography. The university reaches out to Native American students, offering community development programs, career assistance, financial aid and scholarships. About 7,000 students attend HSU.
Humboldt State University at California State University
Arcata, CA 95521
(707) 826-3011
humboldt.edu
Dominguez Hills
California State University, Dominguez Hills is located in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson. According to its website, CSUDH provides 45 undergraduate majors, 24 master's degrees and several certificate and diploma programs. Fields of study include business administration, teacher education, clinical sciences, music, computer science, theater arts, occupational therapy and nursing. The student body comprises more than 14,000 undergraduate and graduate students and high school students taking college courses. The university is accredited by the Accreditation Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
California State University, Dominguez Hills
100 E. Victoria St.
Carson, CA 90747
(310) 243-3696
csudh.edu
Fullerton
California State University Fullerton, in Orange County, boasts the largest student body in the California State University system, with more than 37,000 undergraduate and graduate students. Fullerton offers 150 degree programs: 55 bachelors, 50 masters and doctorates. Academic programs include arts, business and economics, engineering, social sciences, natural sciences and mathematics. U.S. News and World Report ranks CSUF one of the "Top Public Universities" in the nation. "Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education" ranked the university the No. 1 college in California awarding bachelor's degrees to Hispanic students.
California State University Fullerton
800 N. State College Blvd.
Fullerton, CA 92834
(657) 287-2011
fullerton.edu
UC Santa Cruz
The University of California Santa Cruz enrolls more than 16,000 students a year. Undergraduates have more than 60 majors from which to choose, including humanities, arts and sciences, biological sciences and engineering. Masters and doctoral students have more than 30 academic fields from which to choose. According to its website, Santa Cruz's faculty and emeriti include members of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
University of California Santa Cruz
1156 High St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
(831) 459-0111
ucsc.edu
UC San Francisco
UC San Francisco is a public university dedicated to graduate and postgraduate education in health services, offering 19 master's programs in biology, biomedical technology, nursing, dentistry and social and behavioral sciences. More than 2,000 students comprise the student body. The university invites undergraduates to participate in summer research programs. The university conducts research on stem cells, DNA, chronic ailments such as cancer and heart disease, and on degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The UCSF Medical Center is one of the top 10 hospitals in the nation, according to the university website.
University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, CA 94143
(415) 476-9000
ucsf.edu
UC Merced
UC Merced is located on a 910-acre property in the San Joaquin Valley. UC Merced enrolls more than 3,000 graduate and undergraduate students each semester. Undergraduate programs include more than 30 degree offerings, in engineering, natural sciences, mathematics, social sciences, literature and culture, and history. Graduate programs include mathematics, biological engineering, physics, chemistry and world cultures. Merced's Sierra Nevada Research Institute conducts research on the environment, population growth, air quality and biodiversity.
University of California Merced
5200 North Lake Road
Merced, CA 95343
(209) 228-4400
ucmerced.edu
Tags: State University, California State, more than, California State University, University California
After medical services are provided, private-sector Medicare contractors make claims-payment decisions for patients receiving benefits under original fee-for-service Medicare.
The right to appeal unfavorable decisions is a five-step process that starts with standard or expedited review by the entity making the original determination, with progression through administrative channels to federal court, if necessary. Expedited review protects the rights of beneficiaries receiving home health, nursing home, rehabilitation hospital and hospice services for those who are about to be discharged due to unfavorable Medicare decisions on duration of benefits.
Beneficiaries and Medicare-participating health-care providers can file Medicare appeals when a claim is denied or partially denied.
Instructions
1. Request a redetermination from the fiscal intermediary, carrier or Medicare administrative contractor that denied the claim. This must be done in writing within 120 days of the denial. The Resources section contains a link to the redetermination request form.
Any supporting documents attached to the request must demonstrate why the item or service is medically necessary. Decisions are usually made within 60 days of the request and may be in the form of a letter, revised remittance advice or a Medicare Summary Notice.
2. File a request for reconsideration from the Qualified Independent Contractor (QIC) if dissatisfied with the redetermination decision. The request must be in writing and within 180 days of receiving the redetermination decision.
The reconsideration request form in the Resources section should be filled out and sent to the QIC with a copy of the redetermination decision and any supporting documents. Within 60 days, the QIC will send its decision to all parties and advise of any additional appeal rights.
3. Request an administrative law judge (ALJ) hearing within 60 days if the amount remaining in controversy meets the threshold for ALJ appeals ($130 in 2010). The standard form for requesting an ALJ hearing is in the Resources section.
ALJ hearings are generally held by video-teleconference (VTC) or by telephone, but you can request an in-person hearing. The ALJ usually makes a decision within 90 days of the request.
4. Request review by the Medicare Appeals Council if dissatisfied with the ALJ decision. The request must be in writing and within 60 days of receiving the ALJ decision. The ALJ decision will include details on the procedures you need to follow in filing your request.
Medicare Appeals Council decisions are issued within 90 days of receiving the review request.
5. File a request for judicial review in federal district court within 60 days If the amount remaining in controversy meets the threshold ($1,220 in 2010). The Medicare Appeals Council's decision will provide the necessary information on procedures for requesting judicial review.
Tags: within days, Appeals Council, days receiving, Medicare Appeals Council, redetermination decision, request form, request must
The buildup of calcium deposits within the soft tissues of the body is known as calcinosis. There are several main types of calcinosis; each category is thought to be caused by different factors, and each has its own characteristic set of symptoms, although some may be similar. Calcinosis sufferers have a number of available treatment options; however, the best treatment for any individual is determined by the extent of his or her condition.
Aspects
Calcium deposits occur when large amounts of calcium phosphate crystals clump together in the body. These deposits can occur in any soft tissue in the body and often accumulate near organs, joints and directly under the skin. The most common locations for calcium deposits are under the skin of the fingers, and near the shoulders, knees or elbows, but the deposits can occur anywhere. The lumps, which are soft and small at first, harden and gradually grow over time. Depending on their location, they can cause a variety of uncomfortable symptoms.
The location, severity and symptoms associated with the deposits depend largely on the type of calcinosis. There are two main categories of calcinosis: metastatic and dystrophic.
Metastatic calcinosis symptoms
Metastatic calcinosis occurs commonly in individuals suffering from kidney disease, overactive parathyroid glands (resulting in abnormally high-calcium levels) or underactive parathyroid glands (resulting in abnormally high phosphate levels). Patients suffering from metastatic calcinosis can develop whitish calcium deposits under their skin; if the skin ruptures, a white, chalky liquid may be produced. The deposits in this form of the condition can also occur near joints, especially the shoulder joint, and severe shoulder pain and inflammation can occur as the deposit becomes larger.
Dystrophic calcinosis symptoms
Dystrophic calcinosis occurs, not because of abnormal calcium or phosphate levels, but at a portion of soft tissue that has recently been damaged, either through surgery, injury, or from autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In cases of dystrophic calcinosis, the calcium deposits may not be painful at first but can cause severe pain and inflammation as the clumps grow in size. If the deposits are located near an organ, they can cause pain and symptoms specific to the organ they are pressing against.
Causes
Metastatic calcinosis is linked with systemic health problems, but the reason for dystrophic calcinosis is unknown. Women between the ages of 35 and 65 tend to be diagnosed more often with the disease than men, and some studies indicate that inherited abnormalities in the metabolism of phosphate may also play a role.
Treatments
Medication and surgical removal are the two main treatment options for individuals suffering from calcium deposits, though neither is effective at preventing new deposits from forming in the future. Anti-coagulant medications can decrease the size of small deposits, while anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to decrease the pain caused by deposits located near joints. When the calcium deposits become extremely large or threaten an organ, surgical removal is the quickest and most effective option.
Family nurse practitioners' salaries vary with experience and location.
A family nurse practitioner provides health care by promoting health and preventing disease in patients. Job locations include doctors' offices, college campuses, rural clinics, long-term care units and specialty practices. The duties resemble those of a family physician.
Education
To become a family nurse practitioner, a candidate must first be a registered nurse with a bachelor's degree in nursing; she may then enter a master's nurse practitioner program for two to three years of study. Nurses who already have a master's degree may enter a post-master's program.
Salary
According to PayScale, a family nurse practitioner with less than a year of experience earns $63,759 to $75,959 annually. Those with one to four years experience earn an average of $65,682 to $80,596. The overall average ranges from $69,813 to 89,054.
Considerations
The forecast for jobs in nursing shows that the demand for qualified nurses is growing much faster than the average. The need for nurse practitioners will continue to grow as duties that were once performed by physicians are given to staff members, because of the increasing health care demands of a growing and aging population.
Tags: nurse practitioner, family nurse, family nurse practitioner, health care, nurse practitioners
Cancer is a medical term used to describe cells that multiply out of control. Normally, cells in the body die off and get reproduced in order for a person's organs or other body functions to sustain themselves. Most people have a pace or specific rate for which normal cell development will occur. When someone has cancer, too many cells can actually develop in the body, thereby causing cancerous material to lump together within certain portions of a person's body. This is what causes tumors to develop.
In what way does cancer affect the body?
Cancers of the blood, such as leukemia, which starts in the bone marrow, are much more deadly and do not manifest as tumors. This particular type of cancer will travel to portions of the body and will restrict or even kill off a healthy cell's ability to reproduce. For example, in the blood, red and white cells must be regenerated systematically in order for a person to get enough nutrients and oxygen throughout the circulatory system. This is very necessary to sustain vital organs such as the heart, liver and lungs. If a person cannot reproduce viable healthy cells, this causes vital organs to die, as the blood and the organs are very much interrelated. Instead of having normal cells, the body becomes overrun with diseased ones. Genetic material in cells can mutate causing the diseased cells to spread or metastasize. This means that diseased cells spread to other areas of the body causing additional cancerous cell development--simply, more tumors will develop elsewhere after the cancer spreads. This can be an extremely life-threatening circumstance for many patients.
How do treatments for cancer affect the body?
How a cancer is treated will depend greatly on where it originates. Many cancers respond very differently. For example, leukemia causes more than 20,000 deaths a year, because it cannot be simply removed in the way a tumor might be. A person with this type of cancer may have to undergo a series of treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy or even radiation therapy. Such treatments are often successful in treating the various types of cancer growths in the body. The main problem with chemotherapy and radiation treatments--when you kill cancerous cells you also kill whatever healthy cells are still left.
Turn negatives into full-size photos after you scan them into your computer.
Flatbed scanners have the capacity to scan film negatives, and you may have many reasons to do so. Whether you are making copies of your family photos to pass along your most cherished moments or if you need to replace original photos because they were lost or damaged, scanning negatives isn't a difficult process if you have the right scanner for the job.
Instructions
1. Select the negative you want to scan and cut it out with scissors.
2. Open the door of the scanner. Position the negative on the scanner bed. Cover the negative with a sheet of printer paper.
3. Hold the flashlight six inches directly above the negative and sheet of printer paper. Turn the flashlight on and shine its beam of light directly at the negative.
4. Set your scanner to its highest resolution and put it in the preview setting.
5. Close the door and scan your image. Open the scanning program on your computer and select the "Negatives" mode to convert the negative exposure to positive. Use your mouse to crop the image and in turn capture the negative image by itself.
6. Scan the image and save it as a TIFF type file for the clearest image.
7. Choose color settings for the image. Most programs offer black and white, full color or sepia tones. Select "Done" or "OK."
Tags: printer paper, sheet printer, sheet printer paper, your computer
ROC curves provide a simple, visual representation of medical diagnostic tests.
When a doctor delivers a diagnosis to a patient, his conclusion usually relies on tests -- and these tests are sometimes wrong. For instance, tests which rely on patients showing a constellation of symptoms may fail because not every patient displays every symptom. Doctors must choose which tests to use and apply them to get the largest number of correct diagnoses with the fewest mistakes. ROC curves are powerful graphical tools for analyzing and comparing the accuracy of different diagnostic tests.
Instructions
1. Create one 3-column table for each test you want to compare. Label the left column "cutoff," the middle column "true positive rate" and the right column "false positive rate."
2. Fill the tables with the correct true and false positive rates at each cutoff, using your data. For instance, one test for a disease may require a patient show some of the seven diagnostic criteria. At each cutoff -- three, four, five criteria -- the test will correctly diagnose some patients, whose result is a true positive. The test will also falsely diagnose some healthy patients as having the disease. These are false positives in your table.
3. Draw a square graph with units from 0 to 1 on the x and y axes. Label the x-axis "False Positive Rate" and the y-axis "True Positive Rate." Using your table, plot each (x,y) pair as a point. Use different colors for points from the different tests. Connect the points with a smooth, continuously sloping curve that begins at (0,0) and ends at (1,1) to graph each ROC curve.
4. Draw a straight diagonal line between the points (0,0) and (1,1). This line represents a worthless test which performs at chance diagnostic levels. If any ROC curve runs along or below this line, the test it represents is worthless -- no better than chance.
5. Compare the height of the ROC curves. If one ROC curve has a higher y-value at every x-value than another ROC curve, it is a strictly superior test. The higher y-values mean that this test is correctly diagnosing more patients while producing an equal number of false positives.
6. Compute the area under each ROC curve. To calculate the integral by hand, use the trapezoidal method or draw and count the number of squares that fit under the curve. Otherwise, use a computer or graphing calculator to integrate. The area under the ROC curve is a measurement of the test's "discrimination." A higher discrimination for one test than another means a more accurate test overall.
Tags: area under, diagnose some, diagnostic tests, each curve, each cutoff, false positive, false positives
If you want to find a recession-proof career, consider working in the healthcare industry. One of the jobs that are in-demand is a radiologic technologist. This profession is always challenging and satisfying: The challenge comes from the different responsibilities that come with the job; the satisfaction comes with the compensation in forms of wages and benefits, as well as a great feeling knowing the job provides help to the patients.
Function
The radiologic technologist's role is very important in aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses and injuries. They are also responsible for getting a patient ready for any radiological tests and treatment at the request of physicians. X-ray machines, ultrasound machines, magnetic resonance scanners and position emission scanners are some of the machines that the radiologic technologists use.
Types
There are different types of radiologic technologists. An entry-level job as a radiologic technician assists the more senior radiologic technologist. The senior positions perform procedures that are more complex. After years of experience, advanced training and passing of different levels of licensure, a radiologic technologist moves up to a more specialized unit. For example, a CT (Computer Tomography) technologist is responsible for performing CT scans on patients. An MR (Magnetic Resonance) technologist is responsible for taking MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) which is a three-dimensional image. There are other radiologic technologists who conduct diagnostic imaging procedures, including cardiovascular technologists and technicians, diagnostic medical sonographers and nuclear medicine technologists.
Considerations
The minimum requirement for admission to a radiography program is a high school diploma or its equivalent. One could expect to complete a certificate program in 1 to 4 years. Those coming from a different medical field may avail of a 1-year certificate program if they want to change fields. For supervisory, administrative or teaching positions, it is beneficial to complete a Bachelor's or Master's degree.
Radiologic technologists may take a voluntary certification administered by the AART (American Registry of Radiologic Technologists). Some states also use ARRT-administered exams for state licensing purposes. Licensing is important even if it is not mandatory, as most employers give preference to licensed radiologic technologists.
Potential
Radiologic technologists can pursue specialized field or supervisory positions. They may also want to pursue teaching jobs. Some radiologists also take further medical studies to become doctors or physicians.
Benefits
Many benefits come with a radiologic technologist job. One can expect a starting salary that is much higher than the minimum wage. A job in radiology is also recession-proof, like all other healthcare jobs--it is always in demand. One can find a job either in a hospital, clinic, medical laboratory, nursing home and other healthcare facilities.
Tags: radiologic technologist, radiologic technologists, About Duties, About Duties Radiologic, certificate program, come with
Breast implants come in two basic shapes: round and anatomical (also called "tear drop"). Anatomical implants were initially designed for use in breast reconstruction but have since gained in popularity for breast augmentation as well. Round implants, however, remain the most popular option for breast augmentation, according to 2008 statistics complied by the American Association for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.
Natural Appearance
Many women consider anatomical implants for the extra fullness they offer at the bottom. However, both round and anatomical breast implants appear fuller at the bottom when the woman wearing them is standing or sitting upright.
Implant Shifting
Round breast implants have the advantage of looking natural as they rotate inside the breast pocket. Anatomical implants, on the other hand, look quite unnatural if they shift, therefore must be textured to adhere to the inside of the breast pocket.
Rippling
Anatomical implants have a higher risk of rippling than round. Rippling is when the skin appears to ripple due to the breast implant. However, rippling can occur with either round or anatomical implants.
Surgical Skill
Placing anatomical implants in a natural-looking position tends to take greater surgical skill than placing round ones, making a surgeon's experience with this particular implant shape extra important.
Personal Preference
Some women prefer the look of anatomical implants over round, which is why many surgeons offer both options.
Tags: round anatomical, anatomical implants, breast augmentation, breast pocket, implants have, inside breast
A perfumist is someone with a background in chemistry who specializes in creating and testing new perfumes and colognes. She works with scents and odors derived from nature or artificially created to come up with a perfume that will be bottled and made available for sale through various distributors. Perfumists often collaborate with different professionals such as fashion designers, beauty company owners, celebrities, and cosmetics manufacturers to create a unique and marketable perfume product.
Typical Workday
A regular workday for a perfumist is spent experimenting with many different types of scents. Some of the most popular odors for perfumes include roses, sandalwood, vanilla, citrus, licorice, chocolate, lilies, cinnamon and various fruits. The perfumist works with these materials in the raw and extracts their key odors by heating the specific item (such as licorice or rose petals) and removing the essential oil. Then the essential oil derived from one substance is mixed in with one or more types of substances to create new combination of scents. The perfumist works closely with a client such as a designer or cosmetics manufacturer to produce his desired scent.
Qualifications and Other Information
A perfumist must have a degree in chemistry to be able to extract essential oils from raw materials. Some perfumists also work as apprentices to established perfumists and learn the basics of perfume-making. A perfumist may work independently in a laboratory or be employed by a beauty or cosmetics company or even a major design house that produces signature scents. In addition to making personal perfumes, perfumists mix scents for a variety of other products such as soap, body lotions, shampoos, conditioners and even dish washing liquid or toilet bowl cleaners.
Sonographers, also known as ultrasound techs or diagnostic medical sonographers, help to diagnose medical conditions through the use of ultrasound devices. This equipment produces sound waves to image the internal parts of a patient's body. They maintain and clean equipment, prepare the patient for imaging, perform the scan and then send the results to the ordering physician with a report. The position typically requires specialized training in vocational schools or hospitals.
Basics
As of May 2009, the median salary for sonographers was $30.30 per hour or $63,010 per year, with the bottom 10 percent making $21.15 hourly or $43,990 annually, and the top 10 percent earning $41.32 hourly or $85,950 annually, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Industries
Salaries vary by industry. The highest paying industries for this profession are employment services, which pay $32.70 hourly or $68,020 annually; company management services, which pay $32.64 or $67,890; specialty hospitals (not including psychiatric hospitals), which pay $32.24 or $67,070; colleges and universities, which pay $31.85 or $66,250; and outpatient care centers, which pay $31.04 or $64,560, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
States
The location of the job can affect compensation. The highest paying states for this profession are Massachusetts, where the average salary is $37.72 an hour or $78,460 a year; Oregon, $37.65 or $78,320; Colorado, $37.20 or $77,380; Washington, $37.01 or $76,980; and Alaska, $36.30 or $75,500, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Cities
The city of employment can also determine pay. The highest paying cities for this profession are Santa Cruz, California, where the average salary for the profession is $46.89 hourly or $97,530 annually; San Jose, California, $44.56 or $92,680; Worcester, Massachusetts, $43.48 or $90,440; Boulder, Colorado, $40.28 or $83,790; and Santa Rosa, California, $39.97 or $83,130, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Popularity
The areas employing the most sonographers do not always offer the best pay. For example, the most popular industries for this profession are general medical and surgical hospitals, which pay $30.66 an hour or $63,770 a year, and physicians' offices, which pay $30.68 or $63,820. The most popular states are Florida, where the average rate of pay is $26.94 hourly or $56,030 annually, and Connecticut, at $35.41 or $73,660. The cities with the most sonographers are Santa Cruz, California, with an average salary of $46.89 hourly or $97,530 annually, and San Jose, California, at $44.56 hourly or $92,680 annually, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Tags: hourly annually, according Bureau, according Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor, Bureau Labor Statistics
Images produced by an MRI machine are used to detect medical conditions.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the use of a magnetic field, radio frequencies and a computer to produce pictures of the body's organs, tissues and bones. An MRI technologist's job is to operate MRI equipment to produce those images for doctors to evaluate. Students in the Chicago area who wish to train in the MRI technologist field will find several options for their education.
Citi College of Allied Health in Chicago
Students in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologist Diploma Program at the Citi College of Allied Health in Chicago receive classroom instruction and clinical training over six terms, or about 18 months. The program is approved by the Illinois State Board of Education and includes classes in medical terminology, MRI safety, anatomy and pathology. After the first term, students begin an externship at a hospital or MRI center affiliated with the college. After completing the program, students may sit for the American Registry of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists national certification exam.
Citi College of Allied Health
134 N. LaSalle St. Suite 720
Chicago IL 60602
312-236-9000
ccah.edu
MRI Institute and Consulting, Inc.
The MRI Technologist Certificate Program at MRI Institute and Consulting, Inc. in Chicago trains students to become MRI technologists in 12 to 15 months. The program is approved by the American College of Radiology. The school has an on-site MRI facility, which students use from the beginning of their training. Students spend 450 hours in the classroom and complete 1,000 hours of clinical work. Class size is limited to 20. Students can attend classes during the day or evening.
MRI Institute and Consulting, Inc.
1887 N. Neltnor Blvd.
West Chicago, IL 60185
630-876-1600
mritutors.com
Aquarius Institute of Computer Science
The one-year MRI technologist program at Aquarius Institute for Computer Science provides students with classroom studies and 1,000 hours of clinical work at hospitals or MRI clinics. Students must pass a comprehensive exam with a score of at least 70 percent before graduation and are prepared for the national certification exam.
Aquarius Institute of Computer Science
3420 W. Peterson Ave.
Chicago, IL 60659
773-604-4305
aquariusinstitute.com
Tags: Allied Health, Aquarius Institute, Aquarius Institute Computer, Citi College, Citi College Allied, College Allied
For some dog owners, genetic testing is a way to prove that they own a purebred dog or the descendant of a specific dog. Other dog owners use genetic testing out of curiosity to determine exactly what breeds comprise their pet. Genetic information has the potential to do more than prove lineage or satisfy curiosity: this testing may one day help to determine what heath problems a particular dog may be prone to and may one day provide the key to eliminating some canine illnesses.
Home Testing
Home kits for genetic testing are available for around $65. These tests allow pet owners to collect a DNA sample at home and then send the sample to a lab for testing.
DNA Sample Acquisition
Genetic testing is usually done using a saliva sample. This sample is acquired by rubbing a cotton swab on the inside of the dog's cheek.
Identification
Through genetic testing, it is possible to determine what breeds are present in mixed breed dogs with a 90 percent accuracy rate. The American Kennel Club and similar organizations can use genetic information to verify a dog's lineage.
Disease Markers
The information that has been gathered in the genetic databases of organizations such as the American Kennel Club is being used to try and identify the genetic markers that indicate certain canine diseases and other health problems.
Adoption Impact
Animal shelters believe that using genetic testing to determine a mixed dog's breeds will help increase the chance's of successful adoptions by providing more of a dog's background information to perspective owners. Genetic testing also allows shelter staff to make more informed decisions when matching the dog to the right owner.
Tags: American Kennel, American Kennel Club, determine what, genetic testing, Genetic Testing Dogs, Kennel Club
The food stamp program provides food assistance to U.S. residents with income lower than the federal poverty level and few assets. According to American Community Survey estimates, 18.5 percent of families and 21.7 percent of individuals in Greeneville, Tennessee fall below the poverty line as of 2009. Statistics compiled by the Tennessee Department of Human Services (DHS) show the State of Tennessee distributed $1,672,743 in benefits to 19,330 Greene County residents for the month of November 2010.
Employment
According to Gina Lodge, commissioner of the Tennessee DHS, all Greeneville residents between the ages of 16 and 59 must have employment for at least 80 hours a month to qualify for food stamp benefits. The unemployed must enroll in a local employment and training program in order to receive benefits for more than five months in a three-year period. Greeneville students must work at least 20 hours a week or participate in a federal work study program in order to receive benefits. Persons with dependents, the disabled and the elderly do not have benefit restrictions if unemployed for an extended period of time.
Limits
Greeneville residents must meet income limits in order to qualify for the Tennessee food stamp program. As of January 2011, federal guidelines restrict benefits to individuals who earn less than 130 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL) in gross income and 100 percent of the FPL in net income. Individuals may not earn more than $903 per month after taking a standard deduction of $142, a 20 percent deduction for earned income, child support and medical expenses for the disabled and elderly. Healthy individuals under the age of 60 must not exceed gross monthly income of $1,174. Each additional member of a family adds $406 to the base amount of gross monthly income and $312 to net monthly income. The Tennessee DHS counts all sources of income toward income limits, except for scholarships, grants, heating assistance and loans.
Asset Test
Greeneville food stamp applicants may not have more than $2,000 in cash on hand; this includes money in certificates of deposit, stocks, checking accounts and bonds. The disabled and elderly can apply for the program if they have up to $3,000 in assets. The state of Tennessee does not count residences, vehicles and personal items toward asset limits in most cases.
Application
All Greeneville food stamp applicants must provide a Social Security number for each member of their household to prove citizenship status, and they must provide proof of income and assets to the DHS upon request. Residents of Greene County, Tennessee can apply for food stamps at their local DHS office: 128 Serral Drive, Greeneville, TN 37745-3074. Or they can submit an application on the DHS website. Applicants may contact the Greenville DHS at (423) 639-6181 for directions, questions about eligibility and application status. After an eligible resident submits an application, the Greeneville DHS office will provide him with food stamp benefits within 45 days.
Tags: food stamp, disabled elderly, monthly income, more than, federal poverty
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that develops in your pancreas, the organ that produces chemicals used in digestion and blood sugar control. Around 90 percent of all cases of pancreatic cancer are pancreatic adenocarcinoma, reports the Merck Medical Manual.
Prevalence
More than 42,000 Americans receive a diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma each year and over 35,000 Americans die from the disease each year, according to the American Cancer Society.
Risk Factors
One of the largest risk factors for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is smoking, and approximately 30 percent of all cases of the disease are traced to the use of cigarettes, reports the University of Southern California. Other risk factors include having diabetes, a high fat diet consisting mainly of meat, chronic inflammation of your pancreas and a family history of the disease.
Symptoms
Jaundice or yellowing of your skin or eyes is usually one of the earliest symptoms of the disease, explains the Merck Medical Manual. Vomiting, abdominal pain and weight loss are additional symptoms.
Treatment
The most common treatments for pancreatic cancer include surgical removal of the tumor and the use of radiation or chemotherapy to destroy the cancerous cells. Doctors may use one treatment or a combination of treatments to fight the disease.
Prognosis
In most cases, doctors do not discover pancreatic adenocarcinoma until the disease has progressed into an advanced stage, making the prognosis very poor. Only 2 percent of patients with this type of cancer survive for five years after diagnosis, reports the Merck Medical Manual.
Tags: Medical Manual, Merck Medical, Merck Medical Manual, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, each year, pancreatic cancer, percent cases
A variety of organizations offer CNA training in Wichita, Kansas.
Nurse aides employed in the state of Kansas must have certification from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) before they are able to work as a certified nurse aide (CNA) in hospitals, nursing homes or other medical facilities. A person must complete a CNA training program to qualify for certification. There are numerous opportunities for CNA training in Wichita, Kansas.
Training Locations
The KDHE posts a list of nurse aide courses on their website updated regularly to include the dates and locations of upcoming courses. Midwestern College and Wichita Area Technical College both offer CNA training while long-term care facilities such as Riverside Village and Homestead Health Center also make the training available. Online options also exist with the clinical experience completed in Wichita.
Length of Training
Nurse aide training in Wichita is required by the KDHE to meet for 90 clock hours. Training classes vary in length from three weeks to six months, depending on the duration and frequency of class meetings. A portion of the 90 required hours are to be completed during the clinical experience in nursing homes or hospitals.
Cost
Cost for CNA training varies depending on the institution offering it. Midwestern College in Wichita charges $724 for enrollment in their CNA training program while a CNA course through We Care Online costs approximately $250.
Requirements
A completed enrollment form is required to become a student in a CNA training course in Wichita, Kansas. Each training site has their own form, so you need to contact them to complete it. You also need to purchase any supplies needed for the course such as books, uniforms or a gait belt. Some training sites require proof of immunizations or a medical exam to ensure you are healthy enough to perform the job duties of a CNA and do not have any communicable diseases.
Post-Training Opportunities
Wichita is home to a number of health care organizations that hire nurse aides. The two major health care employers in the city are Wesley Hospital and Via Christi Hospital. There are several long-term care facilities, rehabilitation hospitals, assisted living centers and home health agencies in the community that employ nurse aides. You can begin working as a nurse aide in one of these facilities once you have completed your CNA training and pass the state CNA licensing exam.
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Magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, uses magnets, radio waves and computers to see detailed images of the internal structures of the body. While traditional MRI machines are a closed tube, open MRI machines are open on four sides of the body.
Diagnostics
Open MRI machines produce very detailed images of the human body, aiding in early diagnosis of many diseases. They can be used to diagnose trauma, strokes, problems with the aorta and problems with soft tissues.
Patients
Obese patients, children, claustrophobic patients and those who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often uncomfortable in a traditional MRI. Open MRIs provide a comfortable solution for many patients.
Benefits
Open MRIs provide a detailed image of the human body while keeping many patients comfortable. The patient can often have a friend or family member in the room to keep them calm during the procedure.
Open Stand-Up MRI
An open stand-up MRI allows the patient to stand while being scanned. This allows doctors to diagnose medical conditions that may only be visible in a weight-bearing state.
Warning
Open MRI machines use magnets to form images. Patients who have aneurysm clips, metal pins or pacemakers cannot have an MRI.
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A low income earner is generally defined as someone who earns an income that places him in the lowest percentile of the income scale. Low income earners may face struggles meeting their basic needs for food, medical care and shelter. Meals may be missed, medical care deferred and substandard housing arrangements used reluctantly. Fortunately, there is financial assistance available to help those who are facing problems with hunger, medical care access or adequate housing.
Food Assistance
Apply for food aid. Financial assistance to help buy meals can come in several forms. Local food pantries exist. Typically people are allowed to come in once during a given period and receive a box of food items without paying for the contents. Food pantries can be funded by local governments or by private charitable and religious organizations. Another form of food assistance is WIC. WIC stands for Women, Infants and Children. WIC is intended to help pregnant women as well as mothers with babies and small children purchase nutritious food items for themselves and their offspring. Users qualify based on income guidelines. They receive checks to purchase certain food items such as peanut butter, eggs, vitamin fortified cereals and fresh vegetables each month. Apply for food stamps. Food stamps are similar to WIC. Users qualify for assistance based on family income and family size. Users are given a certain amount of money each month to spend on food.
Medicaid Coverage
Apply for Medicaid. Medicaid is a state government program designed to allow low income earners the right to access to medical care. Eligibility for Medicaid is based several factors. Such factors include family income, family size, age of family members, immigration status, income, assets, current disability and medical need. Access to Medicaid allows participants to see doctors that accept Medicaid fees, have basic treatment for certain medical procedures and qualify for reduced or fully covered prescriptions. Medicaid may cover all members of a family. Medicaid may also just cover a family's children. Medicaid rules and benefits can vary greatly by state.
Housing Help
Apply for housing assistance. Many different kinds of aid are available to help people meet their need for shelter from the elements. Home heating aid can people pay for fuel costs during cold winters if they own their own home. Emergency shelters are available in certain cities such as New York City. People who are homeless can apply for housing placement immediately. Local housing authorities can grant people Section 8 vouchers. Section 8 vouchers can help people pay to rent a public or private apartment.
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