Risk Of Breast Cancer Recurrence

Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence

Breast cancer is a life-altering condition. Recurrent breast cancer happens when the illness comes back after the initial treatment. This can happen months or years after having the initial diagnosis. For many women, a second diagnosis of breast cancer can be more mentally and physically draining. However, there are certain signs to be aware of that can cause the disease to make a return appearance. Knowing your risks is important to every woman who has lived through the first diagnosis.

The Facts

According to The American Cancer Society breast cancer is the most commonly occurring type of cancer and has affected 2.4 million women at least once. It is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Unfortunately, studies have found that breast cancer reoccurrence and death rates increase with age.

Lymph Nodes

Many physicians will tell you that when lymph nodes are involved the risk is raised that the cancer will recur. Also, the Mayo Clinic reports that the more lymph nodes the higher the risk levels. This is one reason that many physicians ask their patients to undergo intensive radiation therapy after receiving this diagnosis.

Tumor Size

In general, women who have larger tumors that involve the lymph nodes face a larger risk of recurrence than women who have smaller tumors or tumors that do not involve lymph nodes. The Mayo Clinic reports that tumors that are larger than 2 inches are of particular concern.

Radiation Therapy

According to the website for the Mayo Clinic, a woman who chooses to have a lumpectomy to treat breast cancer should also undergo radiation therapy after the procedure. Studies have shown that not having radiation therapy can result in a recurrence of the disease.

Age

Age can be a big factor in the recurrence of breast cancer. Women that were younger than 35 when they had their original breast cancer diagnosis face a much larger risk of recurrence than women who are first diagnosed later in life.

Tags: breast cancer, Mayo Clinic, radiation therapy, tumors that, Breast Cancer, breast cancer, Breast Cancer Recurrence

Check For Ovarian Cancer Symptoms

Check for Ovarian Cancer Symptoms

It is important for women to be aware of the signs and symptoms that accompany the early stages of ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, the symptoms of ovarian cancer are similar to the symptoms of other health problems and, oftentimes, the cancer is in advanced stages before a diagnosis is made. Ovarian cancer is a malignancy of the ovaries, which are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs.

Instructions

Check for Painful Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

1. Pay attention to back pain. Lower back pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by women who discover that they have ovarian cancer.

2. Be attentive to abdominal and pelvic pain that persists. Many of the symptoms of ovarian cancer are symptoms associated with other infections and normal occurrences, such as digestive problems. Notify your doctor when these symptoms continue without explanation for longer than normal.

Recognize Physical Changes As Possible Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer

3. Check for changes in bowel or urine habits. Frequent urination, diarrhea or constipation can all be symptoms of ovarian cancer.

4. Know that many women who are diagnosed with ovarian cancer experience unexplained fatigue as one of the first signs.

5. Notice abdominal swelling, bloating, cramps and/or feelings of fullness. In addition, chronic gas and indigestion are often felt by women who are diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

6. See a doctor if you have heavy or unexplained vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause.

7. Be aware of a sudden or unexplained weight gain or loss.

8. Notify a doctor if you have pain during intercourse. Your gynecologist can check for ovarian cancer.

Tags: ovarian cancer, symptoms ovarian, back pain, Cancer Symptoms, Check Ovarian Cancer, diagnosed with, diagnosed with ovarian

Report Communicable Diseases

Communicable diseases can spread rapidly when they proliferate undetected through a population. If you are a health care provider, or an employee of a school, state institution, laboratory or infection control institution and you become aware of a diagnosed communicable disease, it is important to alert the proper authorities as soon as possible. The report should be made in the local health department where the infected individual resides. Here are some steps you should take to complete the process.

Instructions

1. Report communicable diseases within 24 hours of diagnosis. It is especially important to notify you local Department of Health (DOH) if the disease is quarantinable. Each state has their own individual DOH that requires you to fill out a form to report a communicable disease. According to the New York State Department of Health, diseases that are especially important to report to prevent their spread are rabies (animal bites), anthrax, botulism, diptheria, arboviral infection, glanders, foodborne illness, encephalitis, diptheria, measles, monkey pox, plague, hepatitis A (food handlers), Q fever, rubella, melioidosis, meningococcemia, haemophilus, smallpox, melioidosis, SARS, and staphylococcal enterotoxin B poisoning. Any disease that is causing an outbreak or appears to have newly emerged should be reported as well.

2. Find your DOH. Go to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) on the Centers for Disease Control website and click on the map in the area of the state in which you are making the report. The map is separated by regions including Pacific, Mountain, Central and Eastern. After you have clicked on your region, you can click on the specific state in that region to go to the state's DOH website. You can also call information (411) and ask for the phone number for your State Department of Health.

3. Look for your county DOH within the State Department of Health website to make a report. Either search for your specific county health department, or contact your state DOH to get this information. Generally you will report communicable diseases to the county before you report to the state.

4. Provide all pertinent information about the infected individual. Make sure to include full name, address, telephone numbers, sex, race, birth date, ethnicity, social security number and diagnosis. It is also necessary to indicate if the individual is pregnant. The types of tests completed to attain the diagnosis should also be included in the report; be sure to provide collection date and treatments provided. The laboratory and doctor's name must also be listed in the communicable disease report. Check your individual county or state website to get specifics on their reporting procedures.

Tags: Department Health, communicable disease, State Department, State Department Health, especially important

Create A Brochure Design With Basic Design Skills

Effective design encourages people to pick up and read your brochure

Basic design skills, such as structure and color, can be applied to projects as different as building a home or creating an ad campaign. One area those skills come into play is designing a brochure, which requires more than inserting text. You need basic design skills -- and information about message and audience -- to make decisions about the formatting, colors, decorative elements and the positioning of text and graphics. A well-designed brochure effectively communicates the intended message to the targeted audience.

Instructions

1. Identify the purpose for the brochure, message to be communicated, reader you wish to receive the message and action you want him to take. Jim Egelhoff of Small Town Marketing.com suggests that the purpose of most brochures is either a "call to action" or to "educate in detail."

2. Generate your brochure copy first if the content will dominate the message and you intend to include a lot of information.

3. Begin the brochure design first if you intend to use limited information and employ color and graphics as attention-getters.

4. Select a brochure size and orientation. For instance, you might choose a tri-fold brochure to be printed on 8 ½ by 11 inch paper. A tri-fold brochure provides you with six pages for copy and graphics.

5. Choose the font sizes for your brochure. You will use different size text for copy in paragraphs, headings and subheadings. The overall design of text is important to the ease of readability. Select a font size that is easily readable, but not too small or too large, and use bold text to draw attention to headings. Refrain from using all caps or underlining for emphasis.

6. Add elements that improve the readability of text in your brochure. Set the margins of the text using a ragged edge on the right, or a non-justified edge, to provide variety and readable line breaks. Limit paragraphs to two or three sentences that make up no more than 10 lines. Format text in paragraph blocks without indentation and with spaces between paragraphs.

7. Select the items that will appear on the front page of your brochure. Use your organization's name and logo. Add a brief statement that invites readers to open the brochure.

8. Design the brochure pages by inserting and positioning text boxes on each page. The margins on each page should be identical. Position boxes in the spaces where you will insert photographs or other graphic elements. Using the boxes helps you move formatting elements around as you perfect your design. Information should flow in a natural order, such as who, what and where.

9. Create a few design elements, such as lines, framing or edging to make your brochure design more noticeable. You might choose to add color to separator lines or add color to the text for headings.

10. Proofread your brochure to eliminate or correct errors, misspellings and design elements that do not work well. Ask someone else to look over the brochure and provide feedback on the design and if the brochure fulfills your purpose.

Tags: your brochure, brochure design, design elements, design skills, each page

Information About Breast Cancer

According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer will affect one in eight women in their lifetime and is the second most common cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, although men do get breast cancer, they only account for 1 percent of all cases. The chances of a woman developing the cancer increase with age. The stage and type of cancer help determine treatment and prognosis.

Types

There are several types of breast cancer, each categorized according to where it starts. Ductal carcinoma in-situ starts in the inside of the ductal system and is considered early breast cancer. Another type of breast cancer is infiltrating ductal carcinoma, which according to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, is the most common type of breast cancer. Other types include infiltrating lobular carcinoma, which starts in the lobes, and inflammatory, which is aggressive and rare.

Risk Factors

The exact cause of breast cancer is not known. However, there are risk factors which increase the chance of developing the disease. Having a close blood relative, such as a mother or sister with breast cancer increases a woman's risk. Gene changes or mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increases the chance of developing the cancer. Reaching menopause after age 55 is also considered a risk factor because of the increase in exposure to estrogen.

Symptoms

One of the most common symptom of breast cancer is a new lump, either in the breast or under the arm. Some types of breast cancer may also cause pain in the breast and discharge from the nipple, including blood. Inflammatory breast cancer may cause additional symptoms, such as itching and swelling or the breast feeling warm..

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the type and stage of the cancer. Surgery will usually be required. A lumpectomy saves the breast and removes the tumor. A mastectomy which removes the entire breast and sometimes lymph nodes and the chest wall muscle may be recommended depending on the size and stage of the cancer. Chemotherapy is often given to kill remaining cancer cells. It may be given in cycles over the course of months and is taken either orally or intravenously. Hormone therapy, such as with Tamoxifen is used for women whose cancer is estrogen-receptive. The Tamoxifen helps reduce the effects of the estrogen and is taken for 5 years. Radiation therapy can also used.

Early Detection

While it may not be possible to prevent breast cancer from developing, it may be possible to find it early which increases the chances of survival substantially. The American Cancer Society recommends women over age 40 have a yearly mammogram. A clinical breast exam should be performed by a nurse or doctor every 3 years for women in the twenties and thirties. Since the chances of developing cancer increase with age, women in their forties and older should have a yearly clinical breast exam. Monthly self breast exams should also be performed by all women.

Tags: breast cancer, developing cancer, most common, American Cancer, American Cancer Society, breast cancer

Qualifications Needed To Be A Radiographer

Radiographers take images using x-ray machines and other equipment or provide radiation therapy.

Often, to diagnose and treat a patient, a doctor needs to be able to see something within the patient's body. Since it isn't practical or desirable to do this via invasive techniques like surgery for every case, doctors rely on radiographers. Radiographers are radiology technicians and technologists who use X-rays and other technologies to create radiographs, which are 2- or 3-D images. Some radiographers don't concentrate on imaging -- they provide therapeutic doses of radiation, which help slow diseases like cancer. Like other health professionals, radiographers must meet qualification requirements.

Education

Radiographers may choose from certificate, associate degree, or bachelor's degree educational programs. Certificate programs usually last one to two years, says the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It takes two years to complete an associate degree program -- this is the route most favored by aspiring radiographers. It typically takes four years to complete a bachelor's degree program. Regardless of which training route you choose, you should take classes in anatomy, biology, chemistry and physics. Classes related directly to radiography will include principles of imaging, positioning and pathology, as well as courses such as medical ethics. Most programs include between 200 and 300 hours of clinical work. After you graduate, you must take continuing education credits to keep your certification and license current. When searching for a radiography program, check that they are accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.

Licensure and Certification

Licensure or certification is required for radiographers to practice in most states. However, the requirements for licensure or certification vary from state to state; check with your state's licensing board for specifics. Usually, to become licensed or certified, you must complete a minimum amount of training hours (set by the state) and complete a competency test. For radiographers, many state boards use a test developed by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). Both ARRT and the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers offer radiography certifications. You may hold both a certification and a license in the field.

Skills and Traits

Radiographers must be sensitive to their patients. They must communicate what they are doing to the patient as well as why the images are necessary. This information also may be given to the patient's loved ones, and radiographers must deal with the anxiety and worry those loved ones may have. Radiographers must be patient and understanding. They must be team players as they must work collaboratively with physicians for proper diagnoses. They should be able to follow directions precisely and with minimal supervision.

Considerations

Although the term "radiographer" refers to radiation (X-rays), radiographers also may be trained to use other equipment. Radiographers may become specialized in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography. These techniques produce images without radiation. Specialization in one of these areas will require additional training, but the training opens up many more job opportunities and translates to higher pay in most cases. The job outlook for radiography positions is good, according to the BLS, as more radiography services will be necessary as the increasing population ages. As more radiographers seek these new positions, competition will be high.

Tags: American Registry, associate degree, bachelor degree, certification license, degree program

Schools For Medical Imaging Technology

Medical imaging technology is a term encompassing all types of medical imaging, including radiology, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine. While some health professionals choose to specialize in one type of imaging, like ultrasound, there are some broader college programs that cover all the bases of medical imaging technology, giving students more flexibility in choosing a career.

Indiana University

Indiana University's School of Medicine offers an associate's degree in radiology (which qualifies students for credentialing as radiologists) and a bachelor's degree in medical imaging technology. Students enrolling in the bachelors program must be credentialed radiologists, either by completing the associate's degree first, or through previous education. Students may choose a clinical track specializing in one type of imaging (e.g., ultrasound) or a non-clinical track introducing them to all types of medical imaging. A related bachelor's degree is offered in nuclear medicine.

Indiana University School of Medicine

Van Nuys Medical Science Building

635 N. Barnhill Drive, Room 259D

Indianapolis, IN 46202

317-278-4752

medicine.iu.edu

Oregon Institute of Technology (Klamath Falls Campus)

As opposed to offering a generalized medical imaging degree, this school offers several specialized bachelor's degrees through its Medical Imaging Department. Students may earn a four-year degree in diagnostic medical sonography, radiologic science, nuclear medicine, echocardiography or vascular technology. For those who qualify with previous credits, bachelor's completion programs are offered for the radiology, vascular and echocardiography tracks. An introductory class is a prerequisite to applying for the program.

Oregon Institute of Technology

Main Campus-Klamath Falls

3201 Campus Drive

Klamath Falls OR 97601

541-885-1000

oit.edu

University of Cincinnati

This university offers a bachelor's degree in advanced medical imaging technology at its main campus, giving students a comprehensive education in multiple imaging disciplines. Acceptance into the program is competitive and two-tiered, requiring separate qualifications for the academic portion in years one and two and the professional portion in years three and four. Prerequisite courses must be completed before acceptance. There is also an optional pre-advanced associate's degree program offered, which covers these requirements and prepares the student for acceptance into the advanced program.

University of Cincinnati

2600 Clifton Ave.

Cincinnati, OH 45221

513-556-6000

uc.edu

ECPI College of Technology (Charlotte Campus)

With numerous locations in the Carolinas and Virginia, this accredited career college has a medical imaging technology program at its Charlotte, NC, campus. Students can earn a diploma or a bachelor's degree in electronics engineering technology with an emphasis on medical imaging technology, or an associate's in medical radiography (offered through ECPI's Medical Career Institutes division). The latter focuses on patient diagnostics, while the two former programs focus on the function and maintenance of imaging equipment.

ECPI College of Technology

4800 Airport Center Parkway

Charlotte, NC 28208

704-399-1010

ecpi.edu

Tags: imaging technology, medical imaging, bachelor degree, associate degree, Indiana University, medical imaging, medical imaging technology

Get Treatment For Vaginitis

Get Treatment for Vaginitis

Vaginitis, which is an inflammation of the vagina, is one of the most commonly treated conditions in women. In fact, there are millions of new cases each year. After a proper diagnosis to determine what type of vaginitis you may have, treatment is usually simple and quick.

Instructions

Treat Vaginitis Using Medication

1. Visit your doctor to be properly diagnosed. While there are over the counter treatments available, only your doctor will be able to properly diagnose what type of vaginitis you are suffering from and decide treat it.

2. Treat bacterial vaginitis with antibiotics. Bacterial vaginitis is usually associated with a thick white or gray discharge that has a fishy odor. The male partner does not need to be treated.

3. Use antifungals to treat a yeast infection. Your doctor may also prescribe antibiotics. A yeast infection is usually characterized by a cottage cheese like discharge. There are several over the counter ointments can be used to treat yeast infections.

4. Make sure both partners are treated for trichomoniasis, which can cause irritation and discharge in men and women. If your partner is not treated, the infection will reoccur.

5. Treat all other vaginitis infections according to your doctor's instructions. While bacterial vaginitis, yeast infections and trichomoniasis are the three most common types, vaginitis can also be caused by chemicals, hormones and allergies.

Prevent Vaginitis From Returning

6. Complete the entire course of treatment prescribed by your doctor even if symptoms disappear.

7. Avoid douching, which can upset the natural balance of the vagina.

8. Use only mild soap products without harsh chemicals or perfumes. Even feminine hygiene sprays can lead to vaginitis.

9. Leave the tight jeans or pantyhose without a cotton crotch in the closet. Tight clothing can trap moisture, leading to vaginitis.

10. Try to avoid stress, which is known to cause vaginitis in many women.

Tags: your doctor, bacterial vaginitis, over counter, treat yeast, Treatment Vaginitis

Ultrasound Schools In Florida

A number of schools in Florida offer ultrasound technology programs.

In Florida, a number of schools offer programs in ultrasound or diagnostic medical sonography, a field the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts will grow by 18 percent from 2008 through 2018. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Programs has approved many of these schools, allowing graduates of their programs to take the voluntary certification examination in the field offered through the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography.

St. Vincent's Schools of Medical Science

Established in 1916, St. Vincent's Schools of Medical Science is affiliated with St. Vincent's Medical Center in Jacksonville, Florida, a 528-bed regional hospital. The school offers a 12- to 24-month certificate program in diagnostic sonography that allows students to specialize in one or more areas, including abdominal, obstetric and gynecological, physics and instrumentation, vascular physics and vascular sonography. To enroll in the program, students must have a minimum of an associate degree, preferably in a health-related field, or hold certification as a radiologic technologist. Other prerequisites include completion of coursework in physics, anatomy, physiology, algebra and medical terminology. All students admitted to the program spend 40 hours per week at the medical center, attending classes and completing clinical rotations.

St. Vincent's Schools of Medical Science

1800 Barrs St.

Jacksonville, FL 32204

904-308-8272

jaxhealth.com

Hillsborough Community College

Located in Tampa, Hillsborough Community College is a public, two-year institution with more than 21,000 students. The college's two-year associate of applied science program requires students to take classes in composition, anatomy, physics and mathematics prior to receiving admission. Those accepted to the program study psychology, abdominal ultrasound and obstetrics and gynecological sonography. Students also complete three mini-internships and three full internships during the course of the program. All graduates from the program can receive guaranteed admission to the bachelor's degree program from the University of North Florida. Hillsborough Community College participates in state and federal financial aid programs.

Hillsborough Community College

P.O. Box 30030

Tampa FL 33630

813-253-7412

hccfl.edu

Central Florida Institute

Central Florida Institute is a private, for-profit institution with locations in Orlando and the Tampa Bay area. The school grants associate of applied science degrees in ultrasound technology that require less than two years of full-time study to complete. The program's curriculum includes abdominal, gynecological and obstetric ultrasound techniques as well as neurosonography. The only requirement for admission to the program is a drug test. The school offers federal and state financial aid programs. The Career Services center at Central Florida Institute also provides students with resume writing, interview preparation, career guidance and networking opportunities.

Central Florida Institute

6000 Cinderlane Parkway

Orlando, FL 32810

407-253-5354

cfinstitute.com

Miami Dade College

Miami Dade College is the largest post-secondary institution in Florida and one of the largest in the country, with more than 170,000 students enrolled in its programs. To enroll the program, students must pass an entrance examination and complete classes in anatomy, composition, algebra, biology and physics. The curriculum encompasses two full years of study and includes six clinical rotations and classes in abdominal, obstetrics, gynecological, cardiac, Doppler and neurological ultrasound. Miami Dade College participates in financial aid and work study programs.

Miami Dade College at the Medical Center Campus

950 N.W. 20 St.

Miami, FL 33127

305-237-2577

mdc.edu

Tags: Central Florida, Central Florida Institute, Community College, Dade College, Florida Institute

Donate To The American Cancer Society

The American Cancer Society is a national non-profit organization whose mission is to fight cancer, save lives and diminish suffering from cancer through research, education, advocacy and service. The ACS research program takes pride in having invested about $3 billion in cancer research. The Society has funded 40 Nobel Prize winners early in their careers. Read on to learn more.

Instructions

Research Your Charity Before You Donate

1. Check the American Cancer Society's website for specifics about its work to fight breast, prostate, colorectal, lung and other forms of cancer (see Resources online).

2. Research a charity before you donate. Compare its record with other groups on benchmarks such as percentage of funds used for non-program costs.

3. Find out the charity's rating the Charity Navigator website (see Resources below). Because of its relatively high 30 percent allocation to management and fund raising, the American Cancer Society has received a 2-star rating.

Donate to the American Cancer Society

4. Use the ACS Donate Now webpage to plan your donation before you make it (see Resources below). Your donation can be unrestricted or dedicated to fight a particular form of cancer. You can make it a one-time or recurring donations, and you can make it in honor or memoriam of a friend or loved one. When you have made these decisions, make your donation.

5. Donate by phone or by mail, if you prefer, using the following contact information. Call 1-800-ACS-2345 or mail your donation to American Cancer Society, P.O. Box 22718, Oklahoma City, OK 73123-1718.

Follow up on Your Donation

6. Keep a file with all your American Cancer Society materials, documents and donation records. It will save you time when you are preparing to file your taxes and help you with the process of deciding how much to give to the Society in future years.

7. Build a grassroots fund raising infrastructure in your community by participating in the American Cancer Society's annual local fund raising drive. After your initial donation you will be contacted for these campaigns, and you can expend their effectiveness by serving as donor and volunteer.

Tags: American Cancer, American Cancer Society, Cancer Society, fund raising, your donation, Donate American, Donate American Cancer

Become A Ultrasound Technician In Australia

Ultrasound equipment uses sound waves to create images of internal body structures.

Ultrasound technicians use medical imaging equipment to develop images of patients' organs or other internal body structures. Doctors use these images to evaluate and diagnose a range of medical conditions occurring throughout the body. Ultrasonography, also known simply as sonography, is becoming a more common diagnostic method with cardiovascular conditions, according to the Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM). In Australia, ultrasound technicians, or medical sonographers, maintain registration through the Australasian Sonography Accreditation Registry (ASAR) in order to practice. Registration as a medical sonographer validates your academic background and work experience in the field.

Instructions

1. Search for an accredited allied health Bachelor of Science program at an Australian university by using the course-finder on the Australian Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations website. Look for programs in medical imaging, radiography or nuclear medical science.

2. Complete the Bachelor of Science degree program. Expect to participate in numerous lab exercises and clinical experiences in addition to completing the required coursework in the sciences.

3. Find an accredited graduate diploma or Masters degree program in ultrasound technology or medical sonography on the Australasian Sonographer Accreditation Registry website (ASAR).

4. Enroll in a graduate program and complete coursework in sonography principals, research methods and ultrasound procedures. Learn about sonography specializations, such as vascular technology, abdominal sonography, neurosonography and obstetrics/gynecology.

5. Complete the graduate program's clinical practice requirements at a health care facility. Perform ultrasound procedures on patients under the close supervision of experienced sonographers.

6. Fill out the ASAR-accredited medical sonographer registration application available on the registry's website. Include official transcripts documenting your completion of a graduate degree program, proof of your Australian citizenry or permanent resident status and clinical experience verification forms.

7. Mail the registration application, supporting materials and fees to the ASAR in New South Wales.

The Secretariat

Australasian Sonography Accreditation Registry Limited

ABN 94 084 400 546

PO Box 8323

Baulkham Hills BC, NSW 2153, Australia

8. Maintain registration by completing 40 continuing professional development (CPD) points every three years through an ASAR-approved CPD program.

Tags: Accreditation Registry, degree program, Australasian Sonography, Australasian Sonography Accreditation, Bachelor Science, body structures

Read An Anthem Blue Cross Billing Statement

Store Anthem Blue Cross statements in a file folder.

Making timely Anthem Blue Cross insurance payments is vital to maintaining medical coverage. Payments are due on the first of each month. If an Anthem Blue Cross payment is late by a period exceeding five days, the policyholder will incur penalties. Read your statement carefully and understand your Anthem Blue Cross bill to keep payments current.

Instructions

1. Examine Area One. Area One includes all numerical information relating to the bill. Priority information is listed in the follow order: Prior Bill Amount, Amount Paid and Prior Balance Due. Read amounts at the bottom of Area One to examine eligibility and manual adjustments made to the bill. Area One also includes the bill subtotal and grand total.

2. Look over Area Two. Area Two describes the billing group name and contact information. Notice the figures listed to the right side of area two. The figures are stacked -- from top to bottom -- in the following order: Invoice Number, Billing Period Date, Date Billed and Total Due.

3. Follow statement instructions. Write the amount paid in the specified text box in Area Two. Submit the bill by the first of the month to the following address: Anthem Blue Cross, Department 4492, Los Angeles, CA 91050.

Tags: Anthem Blue, Anthem Blue Cross, Blue Cross, Area Area

Contact A Health Inspector

Health

Health inspectors work in a variety of fields. Health inspectors rate restaurants, doctor's offices, hospitals, public facilities and all businesses that have restrooms. A health inspector must have a college degree--usually in environmental health, public health and safety, or health administration. Health inspectors are becoming increasingly active in the investigation of environmental heath issues. Health inspectors can also be involved in work for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Many businesses have their own health inspector who is usually educated in industrial hygiene.

Instructions

1. Determine what type of health inspector you need. This depends on your business or personal reason for contacting a health inspector. A doctor or clinic would contact a different government office than a restaurant. Most businesses are required to have certain health inspections done on a regular basis.

2. Contact the appropriate government office in your county or state by searching the Blue Pages of the phone book or doing an Internet search for the type of health inspector you need.

3. Try to contact health inspectors through your county Health Department, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA), OSHA, EPA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

4. Check the accreditation of a potential health inspector. The health inspector should be accredited by the Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) and the American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH).

Tags: health inspector, government office, health inspector, health inspector need, Health inspectors

Take Advantage Of Unemployment Benefits

Payment of unemployment benefits is administered and regulated by each state.

Unemployment benefits were conceived of during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency as a way to keep people who lost their jobs from falling into abject poverty. The notion was quite radical at the time. Even temporary employees may be eligible to receive unemployment benefits. When you are employed, a certain percentage of your paycheck is deducted toward unemployment insurance. In the United States, unemployment benefits programs are administered by individual states. Each state sets its own rules for benefit payments. In general, if you are laid off or if your job is eliminated, you may be eligible to receive benefits.

Instructions

1. Apply for benefits. Your state will want to know such facts as your last date of work, your last employer and why you are no longer working. Many states will allow you to apply for benefits online. You may also be able to apply by phone or in person, depending on your state's policies.

2. Look for documentation in the mail. Your state will probably let you know by mail whether you are eligible for benefits and, if so, how much you will be paid per month. It will also let you know when the claim will end, and it may request additional information before making a determination. If you do not receive any correspondence from the appropriate state agency, contact the office by phone or in person to make sure your application is in order.

3. Expect either mailed checks or electronic payments. In some states, such as Michigan, New York and New Jersey, you may be able to receive unemployment payments through direct deposit. Otherwise, watch your mail for your first check.

4. Fill out weekly status forms. The agency that administers unemployment benefits in your state realizes that you may be re-employed permanently or temporarily at any time. So before the agency issues another payment, it will request updates on your employment status. Fill out the status form truthfully. In some states, you are subject to penalty if you accept paid work, fail to report the income to your state agency and claim full unemployment benefits for the same week.

Tags: unemployment benefits, your state, Your state will, eligible receive, phone person

Moderate Vs High Profile Breast Implants

If you're considering breast augmentation you will have your choice of saline or silicone implants, as well as a choice of size. But what many people considering augmentation don't know is that implants come in a few different shapes, with moderate and high profile two of the more popular varieties.

silhouette of a woman

About

Moderate and high profile are two sizes of implants that provide different levels of projection. The moderate profile has a wider base diameter and less outward projection, while the high profile style has a smaller base diameter and more outward projection.

History

Originally, implant shells all had the same base diameter, so they did not differ in shape, just in size. In 2002, Mentor Corporation introduced the high profile implant.

Considerations

Determining the right proportion for your body can be difficult. Be sure to ask your doctor for a professional opinion and consider the relationship between your chest and torso to determine what's best for you.

Benefits

Having a choice of shape, in addition to size, will help you further tailor your implants to suit your unique shape and lifestyle.

Fun Fact

Many women who are considering breast augmentation desire a noticeable amount of cleavage in addition to increasing their breast size. If you want cleavage, a high profile implant will create more than a moderate profile implant.

Tags: base diameter, high profile, profile implant, breast augmentation, considering breast

Pacemaker Vs Mri

Pacemaker vs. MRI

While conventional medical wisdom states that anyone who has a pacemaker should never go in an MRI machine, many sub factors determine the actual risk involved in such a process. Additionally, there are ongoing technological efforts to make the two more compatible.

History

Typically, pacemakers have been reported to fail when exposed to any kind of strong magnetic field, like those found in an MRI machine.

Misconceptions

While there have been deaths reported in conjunction with patients who have pacemakers going through the MRI process, there is no way to establish a definite link between the two.

Studies

Recent experiments that have been administered have come back with encouraging results for pacemaker patients. In an extensive study involving 54 patients, none experienced any side effects with their pacemaker.

Advances

Since 2000, pacemakers have been made in such a way that they will interact with the effects of an MRI, continuing to regulate heartbeat without becoming dislodged or overheating.

Controversies

Biophan Technologies Inc., a company in New York that based its business around creating special technology that would help the relationship between pacemakers and MRI's, disputes these findings, claiming there are other considerations involved.

Tags: have been, pacemakers have, pacemakers have been

Gifts For People With Cancer

Cancer patients are in need of motivational and inspirational gifts.

Cancer patients face an overwhelming challenge and an uncertain future. Inspire, encourage and show your support of a friend fighting cancer with a sentimental and unique gift that reminds your friend of how special she is. Gifts for cancer patients can be simple while still communicating a powerful message. Most importantly, select a gift that reflects your true feelings, hopes and prayers for your friend.

Audio Books

Undergoing treatment for cancer can often lead to days of dealing with sickness and sleepiness. Sometimes reading a book is too tiresome. In the event that this happens to your friend, help her pass the time in a hospital bed and avoid overexerting herself with a collection of bestseller and classic audio books. These are great cancer patient gifts because you can hand select the audio books and tweak her "bookshelf" to her personal literature preferences.

New Pajamas

It is difficult enough having to spend so much time in a hospital, but having to wear a hospital gown all the time makes fighting cancer more difficult and sometimes more discouraging. Help your friend feel more comfortable at home and even beautiful with a new pair of soft pajamas. Pick a color and fabric that she would like. Throw in a soft pair of "bedroom slippers" to pad around in in her hospital room.

Yoga and Massage Gift Certificates

Help your friend feel healthier and rejuvenated with gift certificates for yoga classes and/or a massage. Yoga provides intense relaxation and will help your friend feel healthy and rested. Massages will also aid in relaxing and resting in the midst of treatments that stress the body and the discouragement that cancer brings.

Affirming Words

Share words of encouragement any time you can and through many different mediums. For example, send regular greeting cards and emails. Call to encourage your friend. Send text messages of encouragement. "Most of all," writes cancer survivor Margaret Tobin on the OncoLink cancer website, "remember that the cancer patient is indeed alive, so keep up a positive attitude with him or her."

Tags: your friend, friend feel, your friend feel, cancer patient, Cancer patients, fighting cancer, gift that

Ultrasound Technician Programs In Massachusetts

X-ray Image by Sonographer

Ultrasound technicians, also referred to as diagnostic medical sonographers, are trained to conduct medical imaging procedures on patients so that physicians can properly diagnose a patient from the images they have been given. Sonographers have to explain the procedure to the patient, so they also have to be knowledgeable of the biological factors the procedure may have on the patient. There are ultrasound technician programs in Massachusetts that will provide you with the coursework and hands-on experience needed to begin your career as a sonographer.

Springfield Technical Community College

Springfield Technical Community College is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges and offers an Associate in Science degree in diagnostic medical sonography focusing on the specialties of obstetrics, gynecology and abdominal sonography; the full-time program lasts for two years. Only 10 students are accepted during the application process for admission into the program each fall. The clinical internships may require the student to drive as far north as Northampton or south to Willimantic or Hartford to be completed at one of the area hospitals. Students who complete this program are eligible to take the national registry exam by the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS).

Springfield Technical Community College

1 Armory Sq., Ste. 1

P.O. Box 9000

Springfield, MA 01102

413-781-7822

stcc.edu

Middlesex Community College

Middlesex Community College offers an Associate in Science degree program for diagnostic medical sonography that consists of 20 courses, including three clinical practicums. The curriculum for this program includes a component in general education that focuses on science courses that are relevant to this field of study. Middlesex Community College is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. Students who complete the diagnostic medical sonography program will learn the physics and instrumentation of sonography as well as abdominal, obstetrical, gynecological and neurosonography. Graduates of this program will also be prepared for the national exam with ARDMS.

Middlesex Community College

33 Kearney Sq.

Lowell, MA 01852

978-656-3200

middlesex.mass.edu

Bunker Hill Community College

Bunker Hill Community College offers an Associate in Science degree in general sonography that lasts for 24 months on a full-time schedule; this program is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. The application process is highly selective and is based on previous grades, related work experience and the applicant's reading score on the college placement test; only 20 students are accepted into the course each year. This program prepares students for the national registry exam with the ARDMS. Students begin clinicals during the second semester in the spring which continue through the remainder of the program.

Bunker Hill Community College

250 New Rutherford Ave.

Boston, MA 02129

617-228-2000

bhcc.mass.edu

Tags: Community College, diagnostic medical, Middlesex Community, Middlesex Community College, Associate Science, Associate Science degree

Convert Ama Cmes To Nursing Ceus

Nurses need continuing education units to maintain their licenses. Hospitals, professional nursing organizations and large private practices hold educational conferences for nurses in order for them to receive CEUs. Another way nurses can keep up with their continuing education needs is to attend activities that award continuing medical education credits to doctors. Nurses can usually get certificates from participating in these activities and present them to their state board of nursing for credit. CME credit comes in two categories, but most certifying bodies count only Category 1 credit; you will see the type of credit specified on conference or activity brochures or materials. Each Category 1 CME credit translates into one-tenth of a nursing CEU.

The American Medical Association manages this system as a way to sanction various continuing education activities such as hospital grand rounds, online learning and medical conferences. It awards one CME credit for every hour spent at these activities.

Instructions

1. Contact the CME provider for the activity you attended. This information is available on any of the activity materials, ranging from websites to brochures to the actual syllabus materials provided at the activity. Inform the provider's staff that you are a nurse and need a non-physician certificate of attendance for CEU purposes. These certificates specify that the activity you attended received a specific number of AMA Category 1 CME credits. Most providers give certificates automatically to all activity participants; some require that attendees complete an evaluation form and certificate request to receive a certificate. Check with the provider for specific details.

2. Convert the number of AMA Category 1 CME credits indicated on the certificate to nursing CEUs by dividing by 10. Providers calculate AMA CME credits on an hour-for-hour basis; therefore, six hours spent in an activity will earn six CME credits. However, nurses earn CEUs at a rate of 0.1 CEU for every hour spent in an activity-- so time spent in a six-hour activity will earn 0.6 CEU.

3. Locate your state board of nursing (see link in Reference section) and make sure it provides reciprocal credit for attendance at activities that receive AMA Category 1 CME credits. Although most state boards of nursing accept AMA CMEs, some require special forms to document attendance. Others just require that you have a non-physician certificate of attendance.

Tags: Category credits, continuing education, activities that, activity attended, activity will, activity will earn

Income Limitations For Medicare Part B

Medicare Part B provides medical insurance coverage.

Medicare Part B is medical insurance to cover services such as doctors' visits, outpatient care, home health services and some preventive services. Part B is optional insurance that you can decline when you enroll in Medicare. If you do choose to enroll in Part B, you pay a monthly premium based on your income; however, there are no income limitations for Medicare Part B.

Income

The monthly Part B premium is based on the modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) you reported on your IRS tax return two years ago. The definition of MAGI is your taxable income plus your tax-exempt interest income.

Standard Premium

The monthly Part B standard premium for 2011 is $115.40. This premium applies to individuals who have a MAGI of $85,000 or less and to married couples who have a MAGI of $170,000 or less. If you have to pay more than the standard premium, Social Security will notify you.

2011 Additional Premiums

Individuals who have a MAGI from $85,001 to $107,000 and married couples who have a MAGI from $170,001 to $214,000 pay the standard premium plus $46.10. Individuals who have a MAGI from $107,001 to $160,000 and married couples with a MAGI from $214,001 to $320,000 pay the standard premium plus $115.30. Individuals with a MAGI from $160,001 to $214,000 and married couples who have a MAGI from $320,001 to $428,000 pay the standard premium plus $184.50. Individuals who have a MAGI above $214,000 and married couples with a MAGI above $428,000 pay the standard premium plus $253.70.

Considerations

Not only does your income affect the premiums you pay for Medicare Part B, income also affects the premiums you pay for Medicare Part D (prescription drug coverage). Individuals who have a MAGI from $85,001 to $107,000 and married couples who have a MAGI from $170,001 to $214,000 pay only the Part D plan premium. People with higher incomes pay the plan premium plus an additional amount that ranges from $12.00 to $69.10 a month.

Tags: have MAGI, MAGI from, have MAGI from, married couples, Medicare Part

Definition Of A Management Performance System

Performance management systems are a tool used by companies in developing and training their employees. Information about company positions, goals and compensation are disclosed to individuals so they understand the importance to company operations. Companies also give employees the framework for achieving bonuses and pay increases from performance reviews.

Definition

A performance management system is a predetermined set of guidelines for individuals employed by a company. The system is used to describe the current position to the employee and lay out the expectations of company management for the employee. Describing in detail the required duties for a position also allows management to set rewards and bonuses for the position so the company gains the maximum potential of the employee. It also helps the employee to understand his responsibilities toward the company.

Job Description

A detailed job description is an important part of the system. It outlines the daily tasks an employee is expected to accomplish and to whom the employee reports. Other tasks and duties, perhaps monthly or quarterly, are listed as well. Additionally, legal requirements must be disclosed to the employee so he understands the physical and mental requirements of the position. Any special tasks are usually listed as ad hoc projects.

Employee Goals

Along with the employee job description, a set of goals is listed for each position in the company. Each set of goals is specific to the employment level--managers, supervisors, full-time and part-time positions. These goals help increase the productivity of the employee's department or improve the financial returns on goods or services. Some goals may carry a financial bonus or reward for the employee who helps accomplish each goal in the best way possible.

Employee Evaluation

Most companies review their employees on a quarterly or annual basis. The purpose of this evaluation is to ensure the employee is advancing in the requirements of his position and show the employee where improvements are needed. Some evaluations also show the employee how well he is meeting the requirements for bonuses or pay increases. Most pay increases are reviewed annually.

Compensation Rewards

Disclosing compensation rewards to an employee along with the job description encourages the employee to work as hard as possible in his position. Bonuses, merit pay and salary increases are outlined for the position, along with the requirements to achieve each goal. Some bonuses may be calculated toward the end of each year based on a department or company-wide performance.

Tags: bonuses increases, each goal, position company, requirements position, show employee, their employees

Important Health Plans

With all the legislative changes, government rules and regulations concerning health care, consumers are faced with so many decisions about their health care options that it's difficult to make a choice for their families. The Affordable Care Act that President Obama signed into law during March 2010 has promising and far-reaching goals; however, the average consumer probably doesn't have the time to digest the text of the entire bill to make sure he's making wise health care insurance decisions.

Instructions

Group Health Plans

1. Research online sources to determine the percentage of workers who have insurance coverage available through their employers' group health insurance plans. Applicants as well as existing employees evaluate the benefit of employer-subsidized health insurance as a determinant in whether to apply for positions within the company or look for employment elsewhere. The cost of individual health care insurance can be exorbitant without the benefit of an employer's plan, therefore, employees consider health coverage a benefit they cannot do without. In two-income families, couples may enroll in both of their employee group health plans for co-insurance to provide full coverage in the event of substantial, expensive and ongoing health care needs.

2. Evaluate your health care needs by reviewing your medical, dental and vision records for the past two years or longer. Calculate the amounts you spend for annual deductibles, office visits, office visit co-pays, medical costs excluded from regular insurance coverage, and additional expenses related to dental work and vision care. Include the pre tax amount you contribute to your employer's group health care plan. If you are self-employed and, therefore, responsible for your entire premium, consult U.S. Internal Revenue Service regulations for self-employed individuals' health care tax credit to get the maximum benefit for you health insurance needs.

3. Analyze your calculations and form hypothetical scenarios based on previous coverage and spending. Create a spreadsheet or graph to illustrate the rise and fall of health care expenses. A visual model may help you determine the importance of different types of health insurance at various times during the year. For instance, if you have children, you might determine a pattern where costs are higher at the beginning of the academic year than when your children are out of school and not subjected to viruses and other contagious illnesses their schoolmates carry. If you have access to plans that offer fluctuating services, seriously consider the value of selecting a plan that addresses your family's health insurance needs and compare it to maintaining an expensive year round policy that could end up costing you much more.

4. Track legislative changes pertaining to health care reform. The Affordable Care Act contains important information concerning employer provided health care and the penalties to which employers may be subject as a result of discontinuing health care insurance to employees. If you don't understand the implications of the act, contact your human resources department and ask for candid answers in response to questions about the reaction of large employers and small employers to reform measures under the act. For some employers, available tax breaks may create an incentive for providing health insurance to employees. However, large conglomerates may determine government fines and assessments are less costly than a mandate to provide health insurance to an employee base that consists of thousands of workers. Whether you are employed by a small business or large corporation, the future of health care should help you make decisions about your priorities concerning types of health insurance plans.

Tags: health care, health insurance, care insurance, health care insurance, Affordable Care, care needs, decisions about

Federal Government Funded Grants

Federal grants aim to strengthen the economy.

Federal grants fund local and state agencies. The grant program helps finance education, housing, health care and nutrition programs. Grants are not loans; they are awards of financial assistance to a receiver toward services that will help the public. According to Grants.gov, there are 26 federal funded agencies that provide over a 1,000 grants. Applicants must meet specific guidelines for approval to receive grants.

Educational

The government awards Pell and Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants to colleges and universities. These federal grants pay eligible students tuition, books, room and board. Students apply to receive grant assistance at the beginning of an academic school year. The school determines each student's eligibility.

Housing

The U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development offers Section 8 and Indian Affairs programs. These programs provide financial assistance to ensure safe, clean and affordable housing for the disabled, elderly and individuals with low income. Applicants must meet specific qualifications for approval.

Health Care

The U.S. Department of Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) offers health care grants to organizations to help underprivileged individuals receive adequate care. For example, HRSA awards grants to health care agencies that provide breast cancer screening and diagnostic testing. These grants allow agencies to acquire equipment such as machines for mammograms.

Nutrition

The Department of Agriculture (DOA) provides grant programs that are designed to teach individuals the right way to eat. Healthy Eating Research is a grant program for children. The program promotes nutrition awareness and prevent childhood obesity. The DOA awards the Team Nutrition grant to various states to conduct a healthy eating training group in which school staff are taught properly prepare nutritional meals for students.

Tags: health care, agencies that, agencies that provide, Applicants must, Applicants must meet

Importance Of Radiology Technology & Outsourcing

Radiology outsourcing supports emergency room diagnostic needs.

Radiology is the study of the human body using radiation and X-ray technology to see inside the body. Radiology practitioners deploy technology such as ultrasound, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging. In recent years, hospitals outsource the review and interpretation of some radiology images to offshore physicians. This practice is called teleradiology.

Identification

Teleradiology is the transmission of radiology images from one place to another for the purpose of review by remotely located radiologists. The transmission process requires an imaging transmission station, a transmission network and an image receiving station at the final destination.

Purpose

U.S. hospitals outsource radiology tasks to India primarily to take advantage of the time zone difference so they can get real time and immediate interpretation of images. This is especially valuable during nights and weekends in support of emergency room situations.

Considerations

In addition to time zones and emergency room benefits, U.S. hospitals outsource to India because the radiology work load is increasing faster than the number of radiologists, U.S. radiologist are more expense, there is a long waiting list of people waiting for radiology results and, given budget constraints, the radiology departments in some U.S. hospitals are underfunded and declining.

Considerations

Radiologists who serve U.S. teleradiology needs in India and other offshore locations often have a U.S. medical license and carry malpractice insurance.

Tags: emergency room, hospitals outsource, radiology images

Make A Brochure In Microsoft Word For Mac

The Publishing Layout view makes it easier to create your brochure.

To design a simple brochure for your company, you don't need to use expensive layout software. Office for Mac includes Microsoft Word software, which provides rich support for developing content. The templates in Word provide simple designs with maximum printing compatibility. Creating your brochure in Microsoft Word for Mac also makes many different templates available for your use, ensuring a look for your brochure that best captures what you need to convey.

Instructions

1. Open Microsoft Word.

2. From the Standard toolbar, click the "New from template" button.

3. Under Templates, select either "All" or "My Templates." Highlight the template to use, and then click "Choose." If you are online, click the "Online templates" option and select from the list of displayed options.

4. Type in the information for your brochure, such as basic product information, graphics and business contact information. The template guides you through the correct placement of these elements.

5. Delete any design elements from the template that you don't want on your finished brochure.

6. Select "Views," and then "Publishing Layout" to manage the brochure layout and design. In this view, use the toolbar to reorganize your brochure, change overlapping of graphics and text, for example, and use a larger font library to differentiate your text.

7. Go to the "Tools" menu and select "Spelling and Grammar..." to check for obvious spelling and grammar mistakes. Go to the "File" menu and select "Save" to save your brochure.

8. Print your brochure to copy it, or download it to a professional printing vendor.

Tags: your brochure, Microsoft Word, from template, menu select, Publishing Layout

Importance Of Hr Policies

HR policies provide guidelines for behavior in the workplace.

Human resources policies provide the framework by which employees are expected to behave in the workplace. These policies are written statements of the company's standards and objectives and include all areas of employment, including recruitment, compensation, termination, benefits, employee relations and leaves of absence. They contain rules on how employees must perform their jobs and interact with each other. Managers, employees and the HR department all have roles in ensuring that HR policies are effectively implemented.

Purpose

HR policies ensure that a company complies with relevant legislation, employment contracts and collective agreements. These policies reduce the risk of corporate liability or employee lawsuits. Policies address various areas that are critical to the company mission, thus ensuring operational efficiency. They clarify expectations of performance and behavior and help create the desired culture. On the other hand, HR policies protect employees from arbitrary and discriminatory actions by management. Employees can refer to the policy manual in case of conflict or disagreement.

Features

Policies contain general guidelines for behavior, which employees are usually asked to acknowledge in a written form. They also define consequences if the rules aren't followed, such as various forms of disciplinary action, including termination. As policies may not cover all situations, they should provide management with the flexibility to make decisions based on individual circumstances. Organizations may have varying sets of policies for different groups of employees. Senior management has the authority to approve policies for implementation.

HR Role

The human resources department develops policies and communicates them to all employees. It provides all the forms and documents required for policy implementation. This department is also responsible for reviewing, adding, deleting or revising policies to ensure that they remain current with legislation or company needs. HR staff help interpret policies, ensuring that they're applied fairly and equitably throughout the organization. Staff members assist managers in applying policies to work situations such as hiring new employees, conducting performance appraisals or disciplining subordinates.

Employee Responsibilities

Employees are responsible for following the established norms of behavior. HR policies often set standards for working hours, attendance, workplace conduct, and health and safety. Policies on respect, anti-harassment and nondiscrimination provide guidelines in resolving workplace conflicts and handling complaints. This promotes a positive work environment, enhances working relationships and improves productivity. HR policies help employees better understand their benefits, salaries and employment conditions, thus reducing the incidence of grievances.

Management Tools

HR policies serve as a resource for dealing with various situations that occur in the workplace. They encourage managers to treat employees fairly and consistently. Policies on hiring, termination, performance evaluation and disciplinary action provide managers with the framework to manage staff. For example, managers must follow the procedures for progressive discipline when dealing with performance or behavior problems.However, policies are often general in nature, thus allowing managers to respond as specific situations demand.

Tags: dealing with, disciplinary action, ensure that, ensuring that, guidelines behavior, performance behavior

Importance Of Companyprovided Health Insurance

Importance of Company-Provided Health Insurance

Health insurance is an important benefit that is offered by companies to employees, as it usually is the most cost-efficient way for them to obtain coverage for themselves and their families. It can also be beneficial from the standpoint of the employer.

History

Company-provided health insurance became prevalent during Word War II. Due to wage freezes resulting from the need to support the war effort, companies began to offer health insurance in lieu of raises.

Significance

For employers, being able to offer group health insurance can be used as a recruiting tool when seeking new employees. It can also help to retain employees who do not wish to give up their current health coverage at work.

Benefits

For employees, having access to health insurance at work means they don't have to seek coverage on the open market, which can be more expensive and more difficult to obtain.

Features

An important feature of company health insurance is that the risk is spread among a large group of people. As a result, coverage is more accessible and the premiums remain relatively low.

Considerations

If people did not have access to company health insurance, they could choose to do without coverage. The result could be financial catastrophe if a medical emergency or serious illness arises.

Tags: health insurance, company health, company health insurance

What Are The Dangers Of Saline Breast Implants

What Are the Dangers of Saline Breast Implants?

Saline breast implants are medical devices made of a soft silicone shell filled with saline water that are inserted to enhance the size of breasts. Though saline breast implants are usually considered a safer alternative to silicone implants, they still carry some dangers that should be weighed prior to making the decision to go along with breast implant surgery.

Rupture or Deflation

Both silicone and saline breast implants risk the chance of rupturing or deflating, but saline breast implant ruptures can be detected much sooner than ruptures of silicone breast implants. While the exact cause of rupturing and deflation are not known, it could be caused by capsular contracture, overfilling or underfilling the implants, too much handling during surgery, damage from surgical instruments, or it may be simply caused by aging of the implant itself.

Capsular Contraction

Capsular contraction occurs when the fibrous capsule that surrounds the breast implant thickens and/or tightens, causing hardness and distortion of the shape of the breast implant. Although capsular contraction can occur at any time, it will usually occur within a few months after breast implant surgery. It is estimated that 15-20 percent of women who undergo breast augmentation surgery will experience capsular contraction.

Infection

Breast implants carry the risk of two different possible types of infection. The first type of infection occurs within the first week after the surgery. Symptoms include generally feeling unwell, fever, or redness in the breast implant area that looks similar to a sunburn. The second type occurs over time, with no initial symptoms. The breasts may become red and the skin will get really thin and the implant itself may break through the skin. In either type of infection, removal of the breast implant will be necessary.

Changes in Nipple and/or Breast Sensitivity

After saline breast implants have been inserted, there is a chance that changes could occur in nipple and/or breast sensitivity. This means that they could either become more sensitive, less sensitive, or possibly not have any feeling at all, which will not be able to be reversed.

Excessive Bleeding

Most of the bleeding that occurs during a breast implant surgery is easily controlled; however, excessive bleeding can occur during surgery and even after the surgery. If excessive bleeding occurs after the surgery, it's likely that surgery will be conducted again in order to drain the blood.

Tags: breast implant, after surgery, breast implant surgery, implant surgery, saline breast, breast implants

1820 To 1829 Inventions

The 1820s are known for a number of things. In the United States, the Missouri Compromise became law, Joseph Smith received the first of his "visions" which would lead to his founding Mormonism, and the ban on coffee in Sweden was lifted. The 1820s also saw a number of inventions that are still commonplace in the world in 2011. In fact, some of these inventions are essential to everyday life for many people across the globe.

Photography, 1826

In the 21st century, cameras are commonplace. Cameras are even built into our cell phones and computers. The common appearance of cameras today lend their creation to Joseph Nicephore Niepce, a French inventor who took the first ever photograph in 1826. Unlike modern images, this first image was taken on a pewter plate, and then was covered in a type of petroleum called bitumen of Judea. After a couple of days the bitumen would be washed away and what would be left is the image.

Lighters and Friction Matches, 1823

By the time the 21st century came about, lighters could be purchased from just about any corner convenience store for roughly a dollar. This was not always the case, of course, and before the invention of Dobereiner's Lamp in 1823, cigarette smokers were forced to use matches. Dobereiner's Lamp, designed by a German chemist named Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner, used a mixture of zinc and sulfuric acid to generate hydrogen gas. When the user wanted a flame, he would turn a valve and the hydrogen would be released, igniting when it touched oxygen.

A few years later, in 1826, the modern day friction match was invented by John Walker.

Fountain Pen, 1827

Fountain pens had existed in some capacity since the 10th century, but it wasn't until 1827 that the basis for what would be the modern refillable fountain pen was invented by Romanian Petrache Poenaru. Poenaru received what would be the first of many patents for a refillable fountain pen, and his design would become the basis for almost every pen on the market today. If you have used a fountain pen at any point in your life, odds are it is based on Petrache Poenaru's design.

Electromagnet, 1824

In the 1820s, two major discoveries pertaining to electromagnetism were made. The first was by Hans Christian Orsted, who initially discovered that electricity currents created magnetic fields. This discovery was made in 1820. It wasn't until 1824 that William Sturgeon invented the first electromagnet. This first electromagnet was built using a piece of varnished iron shaped like a horseshoe, which was then wrapped in copper wire. When an electric current was sent through the copper wire, the iron magnet would attract other pieces of iron to it.

Tags: what would, 21st century, copper wire, Dobereiner Lamp, first electromagnet

Immigration Income Requirements

To sponsor a family-based immigrants' application for residency, one requirement includes demonstrating that your income meets a minimum level. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) maintains the requirement to ensure that immigrants will not be public charges and seek assistance from the U.S. federal government. If you are the petitioner and do not meet the minimum requirements, you must seek a co-sponsor.

Basics

USCIS publishes Form I-864, which is known as an Affidavit of Support. Along with the I-864, petitioners must send proof of legal status, like a copy of your U.S. passport, long-form birth certificate (instead of a short-form birth certificate, which excludes the hospital's name or physician's name). Also, USCIS requires proof of current employment, such as a paycheck stub and a complete copy of the most-recent federal income tax return.

Income Requirements

Petitioners have to earn at least 125 percent of the most recent federal poverty guidelines. You have to consider your household size. For instance, for two individuals, the petitioner must earn more than $18,213. You must include the beneficiary in the household size. For instance, a husband that petitions for his wife creates a size of two, providing the husband has no children, no dependents and has not sponsored anyone else.

Co-Sponsors

If the husband that is petitioning for his wife earns $12,000, then he must find a substitute or co-sponsor to help petition for his wife. The co-sponsor needs to earn at least 125 percent of the federal poverty guidelines. Furthermore, the co-sponsor must realize that by agreeing to help sponsor his friend's wife, he will be entering into a legally binding contract.

Exceptions

Waivers exist to bypass the income requirements. For instance, if you have earned 40 quarters through the Social Security Office, then you can file a Form I-864W. Forty quarters means you worked for at least 10 years (there are 4 quarters in 1 year) and surpassed Social Security's minimum earning level, which varies each year. Under Consular Processing, some U.S. consulates or embassies will not accept the I-864W.

Tips

If you cannot find a copy of your most recent federal tax return, contact the IRS for a transcript. Most petitioners only need to send the most recent copy. To complete the I-864, however, you need information from your federal tax returns for the past 3 years.

Tags: most recent, birth certificate, copy your, earn least, earn least percent, federal poverty

Write A Letter Of Interest For A Fraternity

Most fraternities require applicants to write a letter of interest to express what they could add to the group.

When entering college, you certainly expect to encounter a few written assignments. What you perhaps didn't foresee is one of those assignments being a written letter of interest for the fraternity you desire to join. While seemingly pointless and possibly archaic, writing a letter of interest to your chosen fraternity could be the make it or break it factor in your acceptance to the organization.

Instructions

1. Introduce yourself to the fraternity. Cite any hobbies, interests, or special talents you have and highlight anything that makes you stand out from the rest. If your family has a beach house in the Hamptons, now is the time to highlight that plus.

2. Prove you've done your research. It's common for college students to want to join a fraternity, but it's your job to show them why this fraternity is the one you want to join. Look at the fraternity's mission statement, philanthropy projects, and their reputation on campus. Let them know you've done your research and where you fit-in.

3. Reassure the fraternity of your academic prowess. Many college campuses have a minimum GPA required of their campus affiliated fraternal organizations. Your future brothers need to be reassured that you will raise, not lower that average. Cite your academic performance in high school and your academic ambitions for college.

4. Remind the fraternity of any connections you may have. If any relatives were members, let the fraternity know. Even slight connections are worth the effort; name dropping can never hurt. In addition, you should request a letter of support from these individuals. A letter of support is like a recommendation letter in which the fraternity alum gives you their stamp of approval.

Tags: letter interest, your academic, done your, done your research, fraternity your, letter support, want join

Problems That Uninsured Americans Are Facing

Medical insurance provides assistance for families in the event that someone is injured or comes down with some sort of illness. Uninsured Americans are taking a number of risks by not having medical insurance, some of which can lead to family-crippling problems down the line. If you are considering getting rid of your health insurance coverage, it is important to understand the problems that an uninsured American can end up facing.

Preventative Medicine

One of the most important uses of medical coverage is paying for preventative treatments. As an example, having surgery performed to fix a problem with your heart is likely more expensive and troublesome than taking a daily pill that keeps your blood pressure in check. Many uninsured Americans skip the preventative medicine and only visit the doctor or hospital in the event of an emergency, reducing their overall health and increasing their average cost per visit.

Debt

Visiting the hospital is incredibly expensive. If you develop an internal problem and need to stay in the hospital for a couple of weeks, you could be looking at hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical bills. This debt can weigh down your family and make it harder to buy a house or a new car. While insurance usually takes the brunt of these large bills, uninsured Americans are faced with finding a way to pay them without external assistance.

Access of Care

Having medical insurance means that you can stop by the doctor or dentist for routine checkups or whenever you think a problem might be brewing. It's easier to make the appointment and stop into the office when you know your health insurance provider will help you pick up the tab. Uninsured Americans often have to choose between visiting the doctor or paying for something else, like groceries, utility bills or even recreation. A doctor's visit may simply be too expensive for an uninsured person to justify until the situation becomes an emergency.

Chronic Conditions

Millions of American adults suffer form a wide array of chronic health problems. Asthma, depression, attention deficit disorder and allergies are just some of these problems. An alarming number of uninsured Americans are choosing to skip their medication for managing these health problems simply because they cannot afford the monthly prescription. This leads to a lower quality of life and may even put these people at risk of injury or death. For instance, if you elect to skip your asthma medicine for the month but then have a severe asthma attack, you may end up in the hospital facing even larger bills.

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Becoming An Egg Donor Over The Age Of 40

At the age of 40 many women believe that certain parts of their lives are over and few would even consider becoming an egg donor. For those women who are over 40 and have wanted to become an egg donor their are still options. Egg donation can be an intense and time-consuming experience, but it can fulfil women of all ages.

Instructions

Becoming an Egg Donor Over the Age of 40

1. Search for local fertility clinics and colleges with well established schools of medicine that are seeking egg donors. Many colleges actively search for egg donors that will donate their eggs for medical research. These programs often have fewer age restrictions than traditional fertility clinics. Create a list containing your top choices and any email address or phone numbers that are available.

2. Contact your top choices by email expressing your interest in their program. If the school or fertility clinic does list an age preference, explain to them that you are over 40 but would still like to be considered. In many cases clinics and program heads will make an exception, especially if they are extremely short of donors.

3. Complete all initial application questions as honestly and accurately as possible. Do not omit any part of your medical history and, if you are unsure about certain conditions, be honest about your lack of knowledge. Withholding information can result in future problems which can effect your likelihood of becoming an egg donor.

4. Expect to complete a more detailed application and attend an interview if you are selected. The detailed application will be extensive and is often similar to the patient history forms most physicians require new patients to complete. During the interview, the donation process will be explained to you in detail and your application will be thoroughly reviewed. In some situations a psychological evaluation will be made during this interview which may or may not affect your chances of becoming an egg donor over the age of 40.

5. Prepare for your initial medical examination. All donors are required to have full physical examinations that include a complete gynecological exam. These examinations will usually be more time-consuming for women over 40 who are at risk for different diseases and medical disorders. This examination will screen for any diseases or disorders that might negatively effect the egg retrieval process.

6. Get ready for 30 to 40 days of treatment in preparation for egg retrieval. These treatments will include daily injections which you must administer yourself. If you have a friend or family member who is willing and available, they can administer the injections. In addition to daily injections, at least 10 doctors appointments will be necessary to prepare for egg retrieval. Egg donors who are over the age of 40 can expect to have additional appointments since doctors may want to monitor the adverse reactions that often accompany the daily injections used to stimulate egg release.

7. Abstain from all sexual activity while undergoing egg production treatments. The daily injections needed to stimulate the release of multiple eggs will increase a woman's natural fertility. This fertility will greatly increase the chances of accidental pregnancy for a donor.

8. Once the treatment is completed, an egg retrieval will be scheduled. This retrieval will be done while the donor is sedated. Transportation from the clinic or medical center must be arranged prior to the egg retrieval, since the donor will not be able to drive.

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