Common Problems With Universal Health Care Systems

Just like any healthcare policy, universal health systems have their problems.

According to the organization Physicians for a National Health Program, the United States spends twice as much as other first-world nations on health care ($8,160 per year, per capita), yet the American health system is less effective in providing quality care for all citizens. While many agree that the United States needs some sort of national system to satisfy health care needs, there are some potential problems with universal health care programs that proponents and politicians need to keep in mind.

Long Wait Lists

According to Dr. John S. O'Shea, a physician interviewed by the online magazine My Family Doctor, government-run businesses and programs are inherently less efficient than those subject to free market forces. Less-efficient institutions lead to service shortages, as does the perception that universal health care is "free." Businessweek reminds readers that universal health care indeed has a cost. Health services are prepaid by tax dollars, so although it is not free, people don't feel that their healthcare is affecting their wallets when they take trips to the family physician. Some citizens might go for doctor's visits, request tests or have operations that they would not normally consider necessary if they were paying for care out of pocket or through private insurance. The "free health care" mentality adds more people to the queue, increasing service wait times.

Higher Costs

The same factors that lengthen wait lists for services also increase health care costs. Government inefficiency and surging demand for services make care cost more as demand exceeds supply, and governments respond either by clamping down on funding or increasing taxes. As Dr. O'Shea points out, governments may have to reduce budgets in other areas, such as education and defense, to meet national health care needs.

Paying For Those Who Make Unhealthy Choices

As the website BalancedPolitics.org points out, everyone pays for everyone's care in a universal system, instead of individuals paying for their own needs. Healthy people who exercise, eat properly, avoid drugs and don't smoke end up paying for those who knowingly compromise their health through a series of poor decisions. Because someone with unhealthy habits (a smoker, for example) is much more likely to develop complications and diseases, more of your tax dollars may go to helping these people rather than to taking care of you and your family's health.

Lower Doctor's Wages

The website Newsflavor.com reports that government regulations aimed at keeping costs under control keep doctor's wages relatively low. Some countries with universal health care programs experience issues with "brain drain," where domestically-trained doctors leave their home countries for the promise of higher-paid positions in other countries, like the United States. This trend isn't surprising, given the length and high cost of a physicians education that leave doctors eager to pay off debts and get rewarded for years of hard work.

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Labor Law In The State Of Kansas

The United States Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) generally covers employers who do at least $500,000 worth of gross sales in a year or conduct interstate business. Kansas labor laws, contained in Chapter 44 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated (K.S.A), closely mirror federal labor regulations but apply to any business in the state with two or more employees. Kansas labor law places few restrictions on employers, but workers are offered certain protections in terms of pay, continuing health insurance and the payment of wages.

Minimum Wage

Employers must pay workers for all hours worked. Section 44-1203 of the Kansas Statutes requires employers to pay workers at least $7.25 an hour as of February 2011. Employers can pay less if they count tips as part of a worker's hourly rate but must compensate a worker if his tips and wages do not add up to minimum wage. The state does not allow employers to pay children or temporary workers at a rate below minimum wage.

Overtime

The FLSA requires employers to pay workers time-and-a-half pay for all hours worked in excess of 40 a week, but this legislation does not apply to all businesses or all types of employees. Section 44-1204 K.S.A. requires employers to pay overtime wages at time and a half if employees work more than 46 hours in a work week. Emergency personnel are the only class of hourly employees exempt from state overtime law.

Benefits

Kansas labor law does not require employers to offer meal breaks, paid breaks, holiday pay, health insurance, vacation time or sick leave, although the federal Family and Medical Leave Act provides for unpaid leave. If an employer terminates an employee, he must pay all fringe benefits owed to the employee. The Kansas Department of Labor does not require a company to offer severance pay. According to the Kansas Continuation law outlined in Section 40-2209 K.S.A., employers must allow employees to continue their current health coverage for nine months after layoff or termination.

Payment

Kansas employers must pay their employees in lawful United States money by check, electronic fund transfer, direct deposit or payroll card. Companies cannot force employees to participate in direct deposit. Employers must pay employees on a regular payday at least every month. According to Section 315 of the Kansas Labor Code, employers must pay terminated employees by the next regular payday.

Child Labor

According to the Kansas Department of Labor, minors cannot work in the state of Kansas unless they are over 13 years of age, except in the case of employment by parents and acting (theatrical) work. Children under the age of 16 require a work permit and can usually work between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. for a maximum of three hours a day during the school year. Children can work as late as 9 p.m. during summer break. The state does not place any labor restrictions on minors ages 16 and 17.

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Important Facts About Medical Insurance

Medical facility plaque

Important facts to consider about medical insurance coverage include variations in plans, costs, availability of group coverage, benefits and co-payments, and the effects of job loss on continuation of coverage.

Plans

You can find a wide range of health insurance plans, each with specific inclusions and restrictions on what kind of medical services they do and do not cover. You want to find a plan that's appropriate for the kinds of services you are likely to require.

Group Coverage

The most cost-effective means of getting and maintaining medical insurance is through group coverage, usually obtained through your employer. Group coverage provides medical insurance at reduced rates to a pool of individuals and families with some common factor, such as working for the same employer.

Benefits

The benefits that different insurance plans offer vary extensively. Plans generally cover hospital and doctor bills, within defined limits. A specific plan may or may not cover other medical costs such as glasses, prescription drugs, screenings (like mammograms) and immunizations.

Co-Payments

While many plans cover doctor and hospital visits, plans often require the insured to make a nominal payment, or co-payment, for doctor's office visits. Plans that cover prescriptions may also require nominal co-payments for prescriptions.

Job Loss

Federal and state regulations protect the insured's right to maintain medical insurance coverage in the event of a job loss. However, in many instances the ex-employee must maintain the coverage at a higher cost.

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Take Care Of Yourself During Chemotherapy

Take Care of Yourself During Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy involves using drugs to kill cancerous cells. Unfortunately, healthy cells in the body can be affected as well, making treatment a difficult experience for most. Follow these steps to give your treatment the best chance of success.

Instructions

Take Care of Yourself During Chemotherapy

1. Purchase over-the-counter medications for nausea, diarrhea, mouth pain and other side effects. Your doctor can recommend appropriate medications.

2. Create a resting place. Invest in cozy sheets and pillows to make your sleep comfortable. Add a radio or CD player for soft, soothing music and a journal in which you can catalog your feelings and fears.

3. Use low impact exercise, such as yoga or tai chi, to quell anxiety. Deep breathing exercises also can lower stress. Exercise releases endorphins that can raise your mood, and consistent exercise can increase your energy.

4. Buy a selection of foods that are easy to eat, in case your appetite wanes or vanishes. Try sherbet, yogurt, instant breakfast drinks, protein shakes or fruit smoothies.

5. Be aware that side effects may not vanish once your chemotherapy treatment ends. As you attend follow-up appointments with your doctor, explain which symptoms are lingering.

Know What to Avoid

6. Keep away from anyone suffering from cold, flu or virus. Chemotherapy weakens your immune system, making you more vulnerable to illness.

7. Stay away from people who are negative or drain your energy. Surround yourself with positive, upbeat friends. You also can lift your mood by putting your favorite art, trinkets, photos or other mementos in places where you will see them regularly.

8. Do not overexert yourself. Recovering from chemotherapy demands energy, so get plenty of rest. If you find yourself too fatigued for calisthenics, aerobics or weight lifting, try range-of-motion exercises in bed or in a chair.

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What Kind Of Commissions Do Insurance Agents Get

Many people question how much their insurance agent earns.

With the high cost of insurance, it is common to question how much of your insurance payment goes to the agent. Commissions paid out vary by policy type, and are the proprietary information of insurance companies; however, there are parameters that are known by people in the industry. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2008 the median income for insurance agents was $45,430.

Auto Insurance

Auto insurance typically pays a commission of between 5 and 10 percent. Sales made on the Internet pay less than direct sales. Renewals can be lower than the first year or term. The commission per sale is lower for auto insurance, with the expectation being that the agent can sell a higher volume that adds up to higher pay. New agents typically need extra pay from the insurance company or a second job to subsidize their pay, until the renewal payments build up. It takes 2 to 5 years for this to become a steady payment.

Home Insurance

Home insurance typically pays around a 10 to 20 percent commission, with the average being 15 percent. The commission is higher because it is more work intensive. Home insurance agents do inspections of the house, calculate the value of the property and work closely with the realtor and mortgage company to get the proof of insurance paperwork done for the closing.

Life Insurance

Life insurance commission has the greatest variance. It depends on the company and type of policy. Life insurance companies and investment companies typically pay higher commissions than auto and home insurance companies. Also, term life insurance pays lower commissions than permanent life insurance--whole life and universal life. The commissions can vary from 15 to 80 percent. The first year pays the most, and a renewal commission usually drops to less than 15 percent. Some agents work on a fee basis instead of commission.

Health Insurance

Health insurance agents earn between 5 and 20 percent commission. Short-term policies pay less and agents earn more the first year than in renewal years. There is some flexibility with larger group policies in terms of commissions and renewals.

Business Insurance

Business insurance commission is between 5 and 20 percent, depending on the company and type of policy. Workers' compensation pays less than package policies and general liability. Sometimes agents have to use managing general agencies to place more complicated accounts, which results in reduced commissions. Some business agents can work on a fee basis rather than commission; these are called insurance consultants.

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Bone Cancer Back Pain

Spinal x-ray

Cancerous tumors that affect the bone tend to cause pain. Tumors on the bones, whether from primary bone cancer or cancers that have spread from other parts of the body, are one of the most common causes of cancer pain.

Why You Experience Back Pain

When cancer forms on the bones of the spine, it compresses the spine and possibly surrounding nerves.

Radiation Therapy

Doctors often use radiation therapy to treat cancerous bone pain. This treatment can reduce the size of tumors and control their growth, which helps relieve the pain.

Medications

If you find over-the-counter pain relievers are not easing your back pain, talk to your doctor about stronger options. He can prescribe opioids such as oxycodone or codeine. Other medications, normally used for other purposes, can interfere with pain signals and might also be beneficial. They include antidepressants and anticonvulsants.

Nerve Blocks

Your doctor can inject certain substances into the area of the spine directly. These treatments, called nerve blocks, can relieve bone pain in the back.

Alternative Therapies

Mayo Clinic doctor Timothy Moynihan suggests that certain alternative therapies might be useful as well, including acupuncture, massage, meditation and relaxation techniques such as deep breathing.

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Reasons For A Pacemaker

A pacemaker is used to monitor and control a person's heartbeat. This electronic device is implanted into the chest and is connected to the heart with electrical wires. Pacemakers prompt the heart to beat at a healthy rate and rhythm.

Heart Attack

According to the Mayo Clinic, patients who have suffered a heart attack or undergone surgery may need a temporary pacemaker in order to normalize a slow heartbeat.

Drug Overdose

A drug overdose may cause an abnormally slow heart rate that must be treated with a temporary pacemaker.

Bradycardia

A chronically slowed heartbeat, or bradycardia, may require a permanent pacemaker.

Heart Failure

Biventricular pacemakers can be implanted permanently to treat patients who have experienced heart failure.

Complications

According to the Mayo Clinic, patients may experience complications after a pacemaker has been surgically implanted, including bleeding, bruising or infection.

Precautions

Patients should not place a cellular phone directly over the site where a pacemaker was implanted and should stand at least two feet away from power generating equipment.

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Estradiol Side Effects

At a certain age, women will find themselves going through menopause. It's probably one of the biggest changes in the female body next to pregnancy. Many women will seek help to lessen the symptoms that often accompany this time of life by undergoing a course of hormone replacement therapy. One such hormone that you may end up using is Estradiol. But it has its side effects; read on to learn more.

Identification

Estradiol is basically a form of the hormone estrogen that is administered through injection, oral tablet, transdermal patch or topical spray/gel predominantly as part of a hormone replacement therapy for women going through menopause. It may also be used by women suffering from ovarian failure or hypogonadism, a defect in the functioning of the ovaries that essentially results in premature menopause. Usually, women will be given Estradiol to treat symptoms of menopause, helping to lessen the effects of hot flashes and irritation, burning or dryness of the vagina.

Effects

While Estradiol has its benefits in hormone replacement therapy, there are a number of common side effects that many women may experience, including bloating, nausea, cramps, fluctuation in weight, breast tenderness, dizziness, headache, vaginal infection, flushing (episodic attacks of redness and warmth), hair loss or abnormal hair growth, backache and a change in sex drive. However, most women will experience little to no side effects while using the hormone. If one or more of these symptoms become evident, you should consult your physician immediately.

Warning

Though most Estradiol side effects are relatively minor, some can be fairly severe, including strong headache, fainting, abnormal vaginal bleeding (spotting or prolonged bleeding), unusual vaginal discharge as well as an itching sensation or irregular odor, vomiting, trouble urinating, mental changes (depression, fluctuation of mood or even confusion and memory loss), a change in vision, a change in speech, shortness of breath, coughing of blood, breast lumps, weakness and chest pain. If you experience one or more of these side effects, you should seek medical attention immediately.

Significance

Some women may also have an allergic reaction to Estradiol which may result in seemingly minor to rather acute symptoms, including an itching sensation, rash or hives, tightness in the throat or chest, difficulty breathing, a swelling of the tongue, an inflammation of the mouth or lips, and an overall puffiness of the face. Some women may also suffer a swelling of the hands, feet and legs.

Expert Insight

Side effects will vary greatly between women and depending on the form of Estradiol used in your particular course of hormone replacement therapy. Before starting any treatment for menopause, make sure you understand the benefits and risks of being on this sort of hormone. Prolonged use of Estradiol has been associated, though not definitively, with an increased risk of uterine and other forms of cancer.

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Ministry Fair Booth Ideas

Ministry leaders can solicit testimonials from people they serve.

Ministry fairs provide an opportunity to recruit workers and increase congregational involvement in various church programs. Leaders can use their booths to communicate their ministry's activities and vision. Ministry fairs also add an important relational aspect to the recruiting process. Tom Rainer, in his book "Simple Church," notes that involvement in church ministries increases not so much from pulpit appeals and literature, but from relationship connections. Presenters can use several tactics to make appealing booths.

Testimonials

Presenters should prepare literature or video presentations that share the stories of people whose lives have been touched by the ministry. A nursing home ministry leader, for example, could solicit testimonials from senior citizens with whom they have worked. A leader who works with teenagers could videotape students reciting Bible verses or engaging in a youth-group project like building homes for the poor. People are more likely to support or actively participate in a cause when they can see how their participation will really make a difference.

Offer Training

Many people want to serve but don't feel qualified. Presenters should prepare brochures that explain formal training and mentoring options available, should a person choose to join the ministry. The leader could outline a process that allows someone to attend a training seminar and then practice mentoring with an experienced team member. This type of arrangement can remove the fear from volunteering.

Serve Refreshments

Providing refreshments can lead to people lingering longer at your booth. This will add to the amount of time the leader or team member speaks with the booth's visitor. It will also demonstrate a giving attitude on the part of the ministry the booth represents. Passersby will leave with the impression that ministry members are eager to give and that spirit of generosity may inspire them to join.

Offer Awards

Ensure the booth contains gifts or announce a certain time when prizes will be awarded to those who sign an information sheet or guest book. This is another way to demonstrate generosity and may motivate people to come back to your booth later. That will give you the opportunity to speak with them again.

Adopt a Theme

Ensure all decorations follow a theme that highlights the ministry's focus. Make an impression of being well organized and structured. It is just like being dressed well; your presentation reflects your level of investment and diligence. A well-ordered and unified presentation will help communicate that this ministry does things decently and in order.

Prepare a Script

Recruit people from your ministry to talk about your ministry. Ministry leaders should prepare a short checklist in advance that booth presenters could follow when discussing the ministry with interested persons. This script will ensure that important information is not neglected and will help alleviate booth presenters' nervousness. This script should be as concise as possible and in bullet point form.

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Questions To Ask A Doctor Before A Procedure

Be informed by talking to your doctor.

Talk to your doctor before your procedure because it's important to be well informed about what will happen and why. Your doctor should be willing and able to answer your questions. If you are nervous or unsure, invite a friend or family member to accompany you to take notes for your review before your procedure.

What kind of procedure are you recommending?

Your doctor will outline what the procedure will be and how it will be done. Ask about your doctor's experience in performing the procedure. Pertinent reading information may be provided.

What are the risks and benefits?

Ask your doctor about the benefits of the procedure. Will it reduce your pain or improve your quality of life? Ask about risks. These may include bleeding, infection or an adverse reaction to medications. Weigh the pros and cons.

How long will I take to recover?

Be specific about recovery time for starting specific activities. For example, you may want to know how long it will be before you can return to work or engage in your favorite sporting activity. Ask if you will need special equipment or assistance to help in your recovery.

Will I need anesthesia?

The are three types of anesthesia. Local anesthesia numbs a small part of your body and wears off quickly. Regional anesthesia numbs a larger area and takes longer to wear off. General anesthesia puts you to sleep throughout the procedure. If you need anesthesia ask your doctor to explain why he has chosen a specific type.

How much pain will I experience?

There are many types of pain medication available

You may experience pain after a medical procedure. Your doctor will tell you the kinds of pain relief medications you may need and their possible side effects. Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter medication such as acetominophen to lower your fever and reduce pain or a nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory analgesic to reduce swelling. If your pain is severe, you may be prescribed a narcotic such as oxycodone, morphine or codeine.

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Support A Friend During A Midlife Crisis

A woman may dress provocatively during a midlife crisis.

Many people know someone in the midst of a midlife crisis. Whether the person indulges in plastic surgery to maintain a youthful look, purchases an expensive car that's beyond their budget or engages in an extramarital affair, the consequences of a midlife crisis can often be devastating. When you have a close friend who is immersed in a midlife meltdown, there are several things you can do to provide constructive advice and steer him away from damaging behavior.

Instructions

1. Initiate a discussion with your friend about deal with the aging process. Use yourself as an example. You could, for example, speak about how you felt when you discovered your first wrinkle or how you decided to start dying your hair to cover the gray. These conversations should help your friend admit to the negative feelings he or she has had about growing older. They also allow you to admit that you've experienced these conflicted feelings as well.

2. Point out some of the many people who continue to live full, vibrant lives well into old age. Use examples like actresses who maintain a career by changing the types of parts they play, inventors who continued making discoveries well into old age and authors who continue to be prolific even as they grow older.

3. Reveal your shock at your friend's recent behavior. Don't be afraid to tell your friend that he or she seems to have changed, and not for the better. Point out that no matter what antics she participates in, nothing can turn back the clock. While your words may seem a bit harsh, they may serve as a needed wake-up call.

4. Explain how the person who ages gracefully appears much more attractive and confident than the person who makes an obvious attempt to hang onto his or her youth. Point out examples of people you know personally -- or use examples of famous people -- who fall into both categories as a way to get your friend's attention.

5. Ask your friend what you can do to help him or her deal with these life changes. Encourage your friend to set positive goals and offer to help make a list of steps that will allow those goals to be met. Encourage healthy pursuits that your friend enjoys, like additional education, participating in sports, spending time with grandchildren and traveling.

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The Average Salary Of Ironing

Ironing provides a crisp and professional look for clothing.

Despite the wide availability of synthetic and wrinkle-free fabrics, clothing continues to require a touch of ironing, and cotton clothing typically needs more than a touch from an iron. Professionals providing pressing and ironing services work in several career fields, including dry cleaning and tailoring and seamstress shops. Workers at these establishments assist the wrinkle-challenged in arriving at work looking sharp and professional in freshly ironed clothing. Salaries for professionals involved in ironing and pressing vary widely with the type of service.

Part-Time Employment

Young professionals, stay-at-home parents with small children, and those with the motivation to earn supplemental funds take in ironing at home. Although the Bureau of Labor Statistics fails to record the annual salary for their efforts, the supplemental labor force also offers ironing services. Ironing services charge between $1 and $5 per item and they profit through the volume of work done during the day.

#1 & #2

Professional Pleaters and Pressers

Commercial terms for jobs involving ironing include pleaters and pressers. Pleaters work with various types of fashion designs and home decor. Waist pleaters, for instance, tape the pleat design for skirts and then press the pleats, or folds, in place. Drapery pleaters and pressers complete the look for window coverings. Both occupations work in the garment industry. Fewer than 10,000 people in the United States labor in these occupations, earning an average hourly pay of $9.19 and an annual mean wage of $19,102, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Dry Cleaning

Dry cleaning service fees include pressing. Businesses offering ironing, or pressing, charge a fee per item based on the difficulty of the job and the type of fabric. Fees for sheets, tablecloths, bedspreads and duvets top the fee chart based on the size of the item and the difficulty in keeping the large surface free from winkles during the pressing process. Ruffled tuxedo shirts require additional time to press and cost more compared to traditional dress shirts. Charges include the cost of the hanger, although some companies offer a discount for customers who recycle hangers. Fees also include polybags to keep items clean. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the annual salary of dry cleaner and pressing workers as $19,540 in May 2010.

Valet Work

A valet works as a personal attendant. The exact job duties vary with the person requiring home services, but most valets organize personal activities related to the home, much like a personal secretary for dressing, personal hygiene and personal appearance. Valets press and iron clothing for the person or the family. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the average salary in 2010 as $20,360, or $11.09 an hour, for this occupation.

Coin Laundry

Coin laundries typically offer fluff and fold, washing, drying, pressing and ironing services. Firms assess a price per pound for washing and drying, but assess a fee per item for ironing. The Coin Laundry Association, representing businesses with commercial-grade, self-service laundry equipment, reported in 2006 that coin laundries earned a cash flow between $15,000 and $200,000 annually, depending on the business hours and the geographic location. The association notes that coin laundries also include dry cleaning and washing services, including ironing, and these services increase profits for the business.

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Get Tubular Breast Cancer Information

Tubular breast cancer, or tubular carcinoma, is an invasive ductal carcinoma. Ductal carcinomas are malignant tumors that appear in the ducts of a gland. They invade organs and tissues, metastasize, and then spread on to invade lymph nodes or other vital areas. Earning its name by virtue of its shape, tubular carcinoma cells are more "normal" than the typical, poorly defined cells of cancer tumors. Yet unlike other carcinomas, this cell characteristic makes tubular cancer less likely to metastasize. This means that there is a better prognosis for those women diagnosed with the cancer. For more information regarding tubular breast cancer, let the following guide lead you to the most convenient and reliable resources for cancer information.

Instructions

Get Information on Tubular Breast Cancer

1. Explore a number of books devoted to breast cancer topics. Acquire these books via Internet orders, national retail-chain book stores or the local library. Search for those books which provide encyclopedic resources and/or information based on scientific evidence.

2. Explore the information provided in professional brochures and pamphlets. Ask about the available brochures at your local clinic or doctor's office. Inquire for information at any cancer research or treatment organization.

3. Explore any white papers or research articles available on cancer, its diagnosis and prevention. Look for this type of literature online via cancer websites or in scientific and professional journals.

4. Explore the Internet for information regarding tubular breast cancer, breast cancer or cancer in general. Begin by targeting the websites of the more prominent cancer research and support organizations: American Cancer Society, Mayo Clinic, U.S. Government's National Cancer Institute and Medlineplus, a resource service offered by both the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health. Try other top-rated websites devoted to breast cancer education including breastcancer.org and breastcancercare.org.uk for free information, publications and support services.

5. Consult your consulting physician or oncologist about tubular breast cancer. Ask for the information regarding your personal cancer situation: tumor size, stage of development, receptor and/or lymph node status. Discuss the recommended treatment plans that may be available for your individual situation.

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Salaries For Radiologic Technology

Images created using radiologic technology are viewed on acetate or video screen.

Radiologic technology is the process of creating images of the body's internal structures for diagnostic purposes. A radiologic technologist--sometimes called a radiographer--is the medical professional who performs this procedure. The most common imaging technology is X-rays, but a radiologic technologist may use other forms--such as computed tomography, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging or bone densitometry--depending on her training. A radiologic technologist's salary will vary according to where and for whom she works.

Average Salary

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collected salary data from over 200,000 individuals working in radiologic technology in 2009. It calculated that the average annual salary for the profession was $54,180. This tallies roughly with the survey produced by Salary.com in 2011, which listed the average annual salary for a radiologic technologist as $48,409. The BLS also report that those in the bottom 10 percent of earners receive an average of $35,700 while their counterparts in the top 10 percent earn $75,440 on average.

Salary by Industry

Salaries for radiologic technologists vary depending on the health-care industry sector in which an individual works. BLS data found that scientific research and development services offer the highest pay rates, at an average of $64,800 annually. Specialty hospitals are listed at an average yearly wage of $58,320, slightly more than medical and diagnostic laboratories, at $57,250. Positions within general medical and surgical hospitals pay an average $54,770, while those in the private offices of physicians average around $50,860.

Salary by Geography

Geographical location is another factor influencing a radiologic technologist's salary. The BLS lists Massachusetts as the state in which a practitioner earns the highest average wage, across all industry sectors, at around $68,530 a year. In contrast, West Virginia is listed much lower, at around $41,400. The San Jose, Sunnyvale, Santa Clara district of California is the highest-paying metropolitan area at around $78,300 a year, with Wheeling, West Virginia, among the lowest at $40,190. Wage comparison website Salary Expert.com surveyed salary levels for radiologic technologists in some major American cities. It found that New York City and Dallas, Texas, are lucrative locations at $75,360 and $70,920 per year, respectively. In contrast, Orlando, Florida, is listed at around $52,575 per year.

Training

To become a radiologic technologist and begin earning a base salary, an individual requires a high school diploma to enter a training course in the subject. These courses last either two or four years, leading to an associate degree or a bachelor's degree, respectively. They typically are offered by hospitals, colleges, medical schools, the U.S. Armed Forces and technical schools. After graduating from an approved program, individuals can take an exam leading to registration by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists, considered the standard bearer for the industry.

Prospects

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics expects employment opportunities for radiologic technologists to increase by approximately 17 percent in the years from 2008 to 2018. This growth rate is significantly higher than the expected national rate across all occupations, pitched somewhere between 7 and 13 percent for the same period. A growing, aging population will fuel this rise in employment. As a result, salary levels for the profession should remain very competitive.

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Genotyping Protocol

Genotyping is used to determine specific characteristics in DNA.

Genotyping is the process of extracting and studying DNA to determine what causes specific characteristics and traits in a person. It is an important part of stem cell research and is used by medical research teams looking to find cures for diseases such as Alzheimer's and cancer. Genotyping is used for a variety of research on both animals and humans.

The Process

The first step in genotyping is to extract cell samples from a specimen. A deep skin biopsy is used on all specimens. Tissue samples are then incubated in a Petri dish at approximately 95 degrees Celsius before the DNA is extracted. Once extracted, DNA samples are run through an agarose gel rig, which makes the structure of DNA visible under a high-powered microscope.

Who Does This

Genotyping is primarily completed by medical research teams. The process is also done at the collegiate level for medical students with a focus on neurology. Genotyping is a complex procedure, with 15 to 20 steps for each phase. It requires extensive knowledge and experience with lab equipment and sensitive specimens.

Precautions

Multiple DNA samples are used at one time with genotyping. It is imperative that each sample be kept separate from another, even though they are all tested in close proximity to each other. The slightest cross-contamination will alter the results and make the test useless. The same results must be found repeatedly in order for genotyping results to be deemed accurate.

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Clean Breast Pump Parts

Many women choose to offer the health benefits of breast milk to their babies by utilizing a breast pump. Breast pumps, whether they are electric, semi-electric or manual, must be cleaned after each use in order to prevent mold or mildew growth on the parts of the pump that come in contact with the milk. These parts can include the tubes, pump body and areola stimulator and can be washed at home without the need of a professional sterilization.

Instructions

1. Disassemble the breast pump. Separate the parts that come in contact with breast milk from the parts that do not. The instruction manual that accompanies the pump should also give a detailed list of items that should be washed.

2. Wash each of the pieces that comes in contact with breast milk separately in hot soapy water. Use a soft cloth to gently scrub any parts that have breast milk residue on them. Avoid using abrasive cleaning tools, such as bottle brush, on the breast pump components as these could scratch the plastic.

3. Rinse the pieces for 10 to 15 seconds each with warm water.

4. Set out a clean towel and place all of the cleaned breast pump parts on it. Allow the components to air dry completely. Avoid using a towel to dry the pieces, as it could be covered in bacteria that could transfer to the breast pump components.

5. Place the breast pump components into the original storage container. Avoid touching the inner surfaces of any parts as this could also cause contamination.

Tags: breast milk, breast pump, breast pump, breast pump components, contact with, parts that

Get Free Orthodontic Care

Applying and removing braces are two of the most common procedures performed by orthodontists.

While dentists provide general care for your teeth, orthodontists specialize in treating dental and facial disorders. These procedures are often carried out for cosmetic reasons, but they can also be important for your health. Orthodontic procedures may cost thousands of dollars, making them prohibitive for many lower-income individuals and families. Fortunately, there are a number of methods to obtain free or low-cost orthodontic care.

Dental Schools

All dentists and orthodontists are required to train at specialized schools until they have reached the necessary level of proficiency. These schools also offer free and discounted dental procedures to patients. You may be apprehensive about having orthodontic work performed by anyone other than an experienced professional, but students are not allowed to perform procedures until they've reached a sufficient level of expertise, and procedures are generally overseen by instructors. The American Dental Association provides a list of dental schools across the United States. Contact the school directly to ensure it offers the procedure you need.

Free Clinics

Free dental clinics can be found across the country, but whether they perform orthodontic work is up to the discretion of each clinic. These clinics are set up to help low-income individuals and people who can't afford the necessary dental care, so they are unlikely to perform nonessential or purely cosmetic procedures. Although these clinics operate on a walk-in basis, they are often overburdened, so call ahead and expect to wait in line for several hours. Websites such as 1Dental.com can help you find free dental clinics in your area by typing in your postal code.

Funding

Several funding packages exist to assist low-income individuals who need dental care. Again, these packages do not cover purely cosmetic work, but they may cover your orthodontic work if its necessary for health reasons, such as repairing a broken tooth. Medicaid is the largest of these funding bodies and has programs in most states across America. However, programs vary greatly from state to state. Qualifications are determined not only by income, but also other factors including age, whether you are pregnant and family size. Call your local Medicaid office to see if you qualify.

Dental Insurance

If you`re looking to receive free orthodontic work, one of the best options is to obtain dental insurance. Many companies offer dental insurance, which may pay for your orthodontic work. When you get a new job or change insurers, research the insurance package carefully to find out whether the needed procedure is covered by the plan.

Tags: orthodontic work, dental care, dental clinics, low-income individuals, purely cosmetic

Stop Thermal Imaging

Conduct a simple experiment to determine whether an infrared device can see through your clothing.

Sight is due to electromagnetic waves (light) reflecting off objects and into eyes. However, eyes can only see electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 380 to 400 nanometers. This, in general, limits sight to outer surfaces. Other wavelengths of light are able to penetrate thin materials, and if a device can "see" at these levels, then it may be possible to see through an object. One such device is a thermal imaging camera, and today there is a great deal of concern about people using these devices to see through clothing.

Instructions

1. Understand that thermal imaging works in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum known as the infrared region. Infrared radiation is like light, but it is emitted by an object that is warm, such as a person's skin. Infrared radiation travels through some thin types of material.

2. Test your clothing yourself to determine whether thermal imaging will penetrate it. Place the item of clothing that you want to test on a hanger.

3. Stand facing the front of your television at a distance of around 6 feet. Hold the coat hanger out in front of you at arm's length.

4. Aim the remote at your television with the item of clothing between the television and the remote. Press the remote up against the item of clothing and press a button on the remote, for example "Channel Up." If the TV responds, you know that infrared radiation has passed through the clothing, and thus an infrared camera could see through it as well.

5. Repeat for different items of clothing as well. Take note of what allows infrared and what does not. Clothing articles that do not allow transmission are those that will stop thermal imaging devices from invading your privacy.

6. Dress in layers if you are going to be exposed to thermal imaging. Very thin, cotton-like materials are easily penetrated with infrared, but the more layers you wear, the less likely transmission becomes. Thick and heavy fabric also blocks the infrared radiation, stopping people from seeing through your clothes. Color is important as well, and darker colors will block infrared more readily than lighter colors.

Tags: item clothing, thermal imaging, determine whether, electromagnetic waves, infrared more, thermal imaging, through clothing

How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that can go undetected for years because it's usually very slow growing. It also tends to stay localized to the prostate gland and cause minimal harm to the rest of the body. That being said, prostate cancer is still very dangerous and the earlier you seek treatment, the better. All of this stems from an early diagnosis, but many men are concerned about the methods employed to detect this type of cancer.

PSA Test

One of the best ways to detect prostate cancer is a prostate-specific antigen test (PSA test). When you have prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis, the levels of PSA in your blood will be much higher than normal. While this test isn't enough to detect prostate cancer alone, it is a good starting point for a diagnosis.

Digital Rectal Examination

This is probably the test that most men are worrisome about. However, it is a good way to detect prostate cancer. It involves the doctor inserting a well-lubricated finger into the rectum. This exam is used to feel for a hard, lump of tissue on the prostate gland, which is normally soft. It's important to note, however, that many cases of prostate cancer cannot be detected using this method.

PSA Age Test

Sometimes, doctors will use the PSA test, but increase the amount of PSA that needs to be detected in the blood based on age before a cancer diagnosis is suspected. So, if you're a man between the ages of 40 and 49, a 2.5 ng/ML PSA level might seem normal, but a 6.5 ng/mL level might be normal for a man over 70. Not all doctors use this method, but it might be something to keep in mind.

PSA II Test

Another type of PSA test might be used to diagnose prostate cancer as well. It's called a Free and Total PSA and instead of just looking for PSA, it also includes PSA that's unbound and floating freely away from proteins. This test can be used to determine if you have a low level of free PSA in comparison to a high level of PSA in general. Since bound PSA typically points to cancer, a diagnosis can be inferred this way.

Transrectal Ultrasound

Another method of diagnosing prostate cancer is a transrectal ultrasound or TRUS. This test works by detecting the size of the prostate and can identify any accompanying tumors. The ultrasound is taken by placing a probe in the rectum. Ultrasonic impulses are then emitted to create an image of the prostate, which is then displayed on a monitor. This is probably the most effective way to detect prostate cancer at any stage.

Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Test

Another test form is called a Prostatic Acid Phosphatase or PAP test. This test works by testing how much of this enzyme is present in the blood. The further along any prostate-related disease is, the more PAP is present in the blood.

Tags: prostate cancer, detect prostate, detect prostate cancer, prostate cancer, This test, Acid Phosphatase

Lowincome Insurance Plans In Georgia

Government agencies sponsor insurance plans for low-income Georgia residents.

The rising costs of health care make it increasingly difficult for low-income families to afford quality insurance. Each state has government-funded programs that give low-income families the opportunity to obtain health insurance. Georgia residents may qualify for income-based programs sponsored by the Georgia Department of Community Health.

Medicaid

Medicaid is a health insurance program for low-income or no-income individuals and families. Medicaid provides a variety of medical benefits to eligible recipients such as: inpatient and outpatient hospital services, emergency services, laboratory and X-ray procedures, home health care, nursing home care and doctor's visits.

Eligibility for Georgia Medicaid is based on complex factors including income and medical necessity. To qualify for Medicaid in Georgia, low-income individuals must have income that is below a certain percentage of the federal poverty line depending on the number of people in the recipient's household. Further, the recipient cannot have assets that exceed $2,000 as an individual or $3,000 as a couple to qualify for Medicaid.

Georgia PeachCare

Georgia PeachCare is a comprehensive health insurance program for low-income, uninsured children under age 18. The program provides hospitalization coverage, emergency services, prescription medication, vision, dental and preventive care. To be eligible for Georgia PeachCare, household income cannot exceed 235 percent of the federal poverty level. Parents and guardians must provide income verification with the application to qualify.

Long-term Care

Long-term care insurance helps Georgia residents pay for expenses resulting from chronic disease, serious accidents, illness or cognitive disabilities. Long-term care is designed to maintain the recipient's quality of life. Long-term care service include: adult day care, home health care, nursing homes, hospice and respite care. The Georgia Department of Community Health offers a partnership program between Medicaid and long-term care insurers. The partnership program is designed for individuals who cannot afford the cost of long-term care but may be able to afford long-term care insurance premiums with the assistance of state-sponsored insurers.

Volunteer Health Care

The Georgia Volunteer Health Care Program is a state-sponsored program the provides low-income Georgia residents -- who earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty level -- with access to free health care. Residents must contact participating clinics to verify the types of services provided and hours of operation. Free clinic services range from vision and dental care to primary care and women's health services.

Tags: Georgia residents, health care, federal poverty, Georgia PeachCare, health insurance, care insurance, care nursing

Cobra Insurance Facts

Individuals electing COBRA coverage must pay the full premium.

The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) is a federal law that provides continuation of group health insurance for certain individuals at their own expense. COBRA requires group health plans to make identical coverage available for a limited time to qualifying individuals who might otherwise lose their coverage.

Plans

COBRA coverage applies to group health plans offered by businesses that had at least 20 employees for more than half of the previous calendar year, and to health plans maintained by state and local government. Insured and self-insured group plans, HMOs, group dental and vision plans, and employee assistance plans are all subject to COBRA. Health-oriented flexible spending accounts, employer-sponsored discount plans managed by a health care clinic, and employer-reimbursed health plans that provide bridge coverage are also subject to COBRA, although some restrictions may apply. Federal employee or military plans, disability plans, long-term care coverage, employer contributions to a medical savings account, and certain church-sponsored plans are not subject to COBRA.

Eligibility

Qualified COBRA beneficiaries include employees who were employed and enrolled in a group health insurance plan the day before a qualifying event; their spouses, including former and widowed spouses; and dependent and adult children who have aged out of a parent's group health plan. Children born or adopted during COBRA coverage also qualify. Adult children do not qualify for COBRA if they are eligible for health insurance through their own employer.

Qualifying Events for Employees

Qualifying events for employees are voluntary or involuntary termination for reasons other than gross misconduct; a reduction in hours; disability of the employee or a covered dependent at the time of COBRA election, or within 60 days of that election; or notification that the employee will not be returning to work after a leave of absence under the Family and Medical Leave Act.

Qualifying Events for Spouses

Qualifying events for spouses include the employee's termination for reasons other than gross misconduct; a reduction in the employee's hours; death of the employee; and divorce or legal separation from the employee. The spouse is also eligible for COBRA if the employee goes on Medicare.

Qualifying Events for Children

Qualifying events for children are generally the same as for a spouse, except that they include reaching the maximum age for coverage on a parent's plan or losing dependent child status upon completion of school. The Health Care Reform Act of 2010 has resulted in some changes to the law regarding coverage of adult children. Adult children can stay on a parent's health plan until they reach the age of 26, regardless of where they live or their marital status. Adult children who reach the age of 26 can continue their health coverage on their parent's plan by electing COBRA, provided they are not eligible for health insurance through their own employer. However, COBRA coverage does not apply to a married child's spouse or children.

Election Period

As of 2010, employers must notify the health plan administrator within 30 days of the employee's death, termination, reduction in hours, or entitlement to Medicare benefits. Qualified COBRA beneficiaries must notify the administrator within 60 days of divorce, legal separation, or a child's loss of dependent status. The administrator must deliver election notice to the employee or qualified beneficiary in person, or by first-class mail, within 14 days of notification of the qualifying event. The beneficiary must elect COBRA within 60 days of receipt of the election notice to continue health coverage under the employer-sponsored plan. If you waive COBRA coverage in writing, you can change your mind provided you accept coverage within the original 60-day election period.

Coverage Period

COBRA coverage can last from 18 to 36 months, depending on the beneficiary and the qualifying event. As of 2010, employees who elect COBRA due to a reduction in hours or termination are eligible for 18 months of coverage. Spouses and dependent children electing COBRA due to divorce, legal separation or death qualify for 36 months of benefits. Coverage due to disability lasts for 29 months. Medicare entitlement qualifies a spouse and dependent children for 18 to 36 months of COBRA coverage, depending on the covered employee's employment status.

Tags: COBRA coverage, group health, within days, health insurance, health plans

Early Detection And Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer

Early detection of ovarian cancer can increase a patient's survival rate, and make treatment of the disease less difficult. Although ovarian cancer is tough to detect and treat, there are several ways that have proven to be successful.

Symptoms

Many symptoms of ovarian cancer can be contributed to other causes; however, if you have any of the following symptoms for more than two weeks, you should see a doctor. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, swelling or bloating; unexplained weight gain or loss; frequent urination; fatigue; and feeling full quickly.

Detection methods

A pelvic exam, transvaginal sonography and a CA125 test have all proven to be accurate in detecting ovarian cancer.

Surgery

Treatment depends on how advanced the cancer is. In almost all cases, surgery is performed to remove the tumor, and often the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes and omentum if the cancer has spread.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is recommended in for more advanced stages of ovarian cancer, including stages 2, 3 and 4.

Survival rate

According to the American Cancer Society, if the cancer is found early (before it has spread to other organs), patients have a 93 percent chance of surviving five years or more. In advanced stages, patients have about a 31 percent chance of surviving five years or more.

Tags: ovarian cancer, advanced stages, chance surviving, chance surviving five, five years, five years more

What Causes Abnormal Pap Results

One of the most frightening phone calls a woman can get from her gynecologist is one telling her that her Pap smear results are abnormal. What does this mean? Is it cancer? What causes it? These are all typical questions that a woman who has had an abnormal Pap smear might ask. A Pap smear is a screening test. An abnormal result doesn't often mean cancer, just changes in cervical cells that if untreated, could one day lead to cancer.

History

The Papanicolaou smear, or Pap smear, was introduced in the 1940s. The Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells that might develop into cervical cancer, if left untreated. According to the American Cancer Society, the cervical cancer death rate declined by 74 percent between 1955 and 1992. This drop is attributed to the use of the Pap smear.

Abnormal Pap Results

A Pap smear screens for changes in the cells of the cervix, which can have a number of causes. The test is specifically used to screen for precancerous changes because of HPV, but an abnormal result also can be caused by infection, sexual activity, medication and other viruses.

Atypical Squamous Cells

The most common abnormal Pap result is atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). This is not cancer; ASCUS shows inflammatory changes that are likely because infection from bacteria or yeast or reparative changes in the cervix. Viruses such as trichomoniasis and herpes simplex cause changes in cervical cells. Inflammatory changes can be caused by the cervix repairing itself from sexual activity, by birth or by an IUD. Medications for menopause and some lubricants can also cause changes to cervical cells. All of these changes can be detected by a Pap smear and are considered benign, since none lead to cancer. Women with this result may be retested in a few months.

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL)

Squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) results will be low-grade (LSIL, CIN-I, mild dysplasia), high-grade (HSIL, CIN-II, moderate dysplasia) or carcinoma in situ (CIN-III, severe dysplasia). Someone with a result of LSIL will have a colposcopy within 4 weeks to determine the extent of the cell changes. This result is not cancer, but it is likely to turn into cancer, if left untreated. HSIL is also not yet cancer, but a woman with this result will typically have further testing done right away. Someone who has CIN-III does have cancer, but it is limited to the cervix. The cure rate is high.

HPV

HPV is the leading cause of abnormal Pap results. Over 100 types of HPV exist. About 30 types are transmitted sexually through touch and are known as genital HPV. Most genital HPV types cause no harm, some cause genital warts, while others cause changes to the cells of the cervix that do not cause cancer. Thirteen types of HPV that cause abnormal changes to cervical cells could lead to cervical cancer. When a Pap smear is abnormal, a DNA test to identify the presence of these 13 strains of HPV can be done.

Tags: cervical cells, changes cervical, changes cervical cells, abnormal result, cause changes

How Long Does The Milk Stay After You Give Birth

Frequent nursing keeps your milk supply up.

Learning about the availability of breast milk after giving birth is essential whether you desire to breastfeed or not. However, it's important to know that breastfeeding your baby offers quality bonding time between mother and child, complete nutrition for your baby and a reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Breastfeeding

Your breast milk comes in within 48 to 72 hours after giving birth. To instantly eliminate the discomfort of engorged breasts, express the milk through nursing. The moment you do this, your body produces more breast milk for future feedings. Express your breast milk frequently to keep it coming in. Using a breast pump is an alternative when your baby is sleeping and your breasts are engorged. This cycle can continue for as long as you want to breastfeed. Many people have differing opinions on how long they should breastfeed the baby, but ultimately, the decision is up to the mother.

Not Breastfeeding

Even if you don't want to breastfeed, your breasts still engorge after giving birth. Because you are not expressing milk, you breasts may start hurting, and breast milk may start leaking from them. To relieve some of the discomfort, wear a supportive, snug-fitting bra, take acetaminophen if needed, and apply a cold compress to your breasts. When your body senses you are not expressing your breast milk, it will stop producing it. Approximately 10 days after giving birth, your hormones will get back to the way they were before your pregnancy, and your breasts will stop producing milk.

Low Milk

Not nursing your baby enough can reduce the amount of breast milk you produce. According to BabyCenter, feed your baby at least eight times per day to keep up your milk supply. An incorrect latch-on technique or estrogen-containing birth control pills can also reduce milk supply. Observe your baby to tell whether he is getting sufficient nutrients. Keep track of his weight, stool, diaper usage and overall mood. Consult your pediatrician to set your mind at ease, if needed.

Bottle

If you are ready to stop breastfeeding, use a gradual approach. Replace one breast feeding session with a bottle feeding session. Gradually replace more breast feeding sessions until your baby is fully weaned. During this transition, your body will slowly reduce the milk production process, and eventually, your breasts will stop producing milk all together.

Tags: breast milk, your baby, your breasts, after giving, after giving birth, giving birth

About The Different Types Of Engineering

About the Different Types of Engineering

Engineering goes back to the earliest of human history worldwide, when people looked for ways to use science and mathematics to solve problems. Since then, engineers have continued to search and find many ways that they could improve health, entertainment, work and communications for others by making an invention or an older item work more efficiently. As technology changes, so too do the types of engineering.

History

Although even the earliest of humans invented tools and the Greek and Roman civilizations introduced water wheels, roadways and aqueducts, the term "engineer" did not arise until the 11th century. The Italian word "ingeniator" means "the ingenious one," and who else but Leonardo Da Vinci could be called the "Ingegnere Generale"? It was during the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s and into the 1800s when scientists truly began to demonstrate their ability to ask why. For a long time, the word engineer was most associated with the military engineer, or someone who constructed war machines. Yet, in the early 19th century, "civil" or nonmilitary engineers began to study technology off the battle field.

Types

France boasts the first school of engineering, tthe National School of Bridges and Highways, established in 1747, which trained civil engineers who built structures such as sewer and water systems, railroads and even cities. Civil engineering evolved hand in hand with mechanical engineering, which looked at all types of machinery. As the 1800s went by, electrical engineering grew with the invention of the electric cell, dynamo and electric motor and later the vacuum tube. Because electricity was so essential to technology at this point, most engineers were electrical and electronics engineers.

Function

As the 1800s turned into the 1900s, the position of chemical engineer grew in importance as chemical processes were used in different forms of industry and production. It was the beginning of the petroleum industry in the 1900s that made the chemical engineer more prominent. The father of chemical engineering, George E. Davis, was from England. He authored "A Handbook of Chemical Engineering," which defined this new science and founded the concept of unit operations. This was the idea that it is possible to study all chemical processes by dividing them into distinct operations, for example, filtration, extraction and distillation. These are all controlled by specific principles.

Significance

The computer and the rise of software engineering has had the quickest and greatest impact of all the engineering fields thus far. Software engineers are involved with computer processes, development and methods, which overlap with civil, mechanical and chemical engineering and more. Software engineering is used for huge projects as well as ones that cannot even be seen without a microscope. Prior to the 1960s, software did not exist, but within decades it had grown into all forms of structured analysis and design. Software engineering integrates the fundamentals of mathematics, computer science and the general sciences.

Time Frame

New forms of engineering continue to arise along with the greater sophistication of science. Nuclear engineering is concerned with nuclear energy release, control and use. Aerospace engineers invent machines, from airplanes to spacecraft that travel nearly 18,000 miles an hour. Bioinformatics emphasizes the use of computer and statistical methods to understand biological data from experimentation, including gene sequencing and chips. Ocean engineers, an extension of marine engineering, deals with ocean exploration and structures, harbors, underwater pipelines and ocean pollution. Nanotechnology brings together all the various forms of engineering to develop machines of the molecular level.

Tags: About Different, About Different Types, chemical engineer, chemical engineering, chemical processes, Different Types, Different Types Engineering

Questions To Ask About Breast Cancer

Breast cancer, if treated early, has a high survival rate. If you've been diagnosed with breast cancer, getting the best treatment available requires that you become an informed patient. Here are some questions you should ask your doctor.

Diagnosis

Ask your doctor if he is certain you have breast cancer. Make sure you have an experienced pathologist reading the results of your breast biopsy so that there are no mistakes.

Ask whether more than one pathologist has read the results. Most groups have multiple pathologists review cancer diagnoses.You should always be free to take your results to another pathologist for a second opinion.

Since there are many types of breast cancers, ask what type you have. Also ask if the cancer has spread to other areas of your breast.

Treatment

Ask about the medical team you will be dealing with. The team usually includes a pathologist, surgeon, and radiologist that will give their input on your treatment and care.

Ask how available your team is during treatment or other times when you have questions.

Ask when you need to decide about treatment. You may need time to research on your own or come up with additional questions.

Ask what type of treatments are available.

Follow-Up Care

When deciding on the best treatment method, ask about follow-up care and what you should do to keep as healthy as possible.

Ask your doctor what treatment he thinks is best for you.

Ask what the side effects occur are for each treatment.

Ask your doctor for any pamphlets or other reading material that deal with breast cancer. Being informed is the best way to deal with a diagnosis of breast cancer.

Tags: your doctor, best treatment, breast cancer, breast cancer, deal with, what type

Start A St Jude Cancer Run

Start a St. Jude cancer run by becoming a member of the St. Jude Heroes team.

A St. Jude cancer run is an important part of assisting the work and goals of the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Founded by Danny Thomas, the hospital specializes in treatment and research for cancer and other diseases in children. Due to the volunteer efforts of many organizations and individuals, St. Jude provides free treatment to families unable to pay the costs. Individuals who become St. Jude Heroes can participate in a St. Jude cancer run and request donations, in the form of sponsorship, to benefit St. Jude.

Instructions

1. Visit St. Jude Heroes at stjudeheroes.org. Click on "New Heroes Register" on the left side of the website. A map of the United States appears. Click on your state. If you live in Canada, click on the "Search for Events in Canada" button on the right-hand side.

2. Click on the event you choose. If there are running events in your state, a list of events will appear along with the city where they are held.

3. Click on the "Participate Now" button near the top of the screen. Create a user name and password for a new user. Then click on the "Participate in Event" button. Complete the form for your chosen event. Be sure to complete all items that are mandatory, such as your name, address, email address and registration fee. When the form is complete, click on the "Register" button. After you confirm, you'll have the opportunity to create a fund-raising website of which you will ask family, friends and co-workers to donate money to sponsor your run.

Tags: Jude cancer, Jude Heroes, Start Jude, your state

Microsoft Password Complexity Rules

Password complexity rules ensure a network password is more than just another PIN.

There are three main issues that Microsoft's password complexity rules cover. These are the default operating system settings, which characters are allowed to be used in a password and which collection of characters will be prevented from being used in the password.

Operating System Default Settings

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and 2008 come preconfigured with the password complexity rule disabled, as does Windows XP. All three can be manually enabled by an authorized Administrator. When "Active Directory" is installed on a server, the complexity rule is automatically enabled and enforced.

Allowed Characters

A password can contain non-alphabetic characters (for example, %, # or !), upper case characters (A to Z), lower case characters (a to z), numeric characters (0 to 9), and a collection of Unicode characters that don't fall in the previously mentioned categories. When the complexity rule is enabled, passwords must contain at least three of the available five categories to meet the requirements.

Prevented Character Collections

When the complexity rule is enabled, users are prevented from incorporating their account name or full name into the password. When a password change is attempted, Windows first checks the requested password for this information. If found, it rejects the password change attempt and informs the user of the password requirements through an information window.

Tags: complexity rule, case characters, complexity rule enabled, complexity rules, password change, prevented from

Certified Medical Biller Salary

Certified medical billers work for hospitals, clinics and doctors' offices.

Medical billers usually must to pass a test regarding medical terminology and procedures to become certified. However, medical billers can earn certification in coding, billing or both. Medical billers work in hospitals, clinics and various types of doctors' offices. They are usually responsible for maintaining the billing files of all the doctors' patients. Medical billers also take payments from patients and send the balance to their patients' insurance companies. Certified medical billers usually earn an hourly rate.

Average Annual Salary

Certified medical billers earn hourly rates of $12.20 to $16.31, according to 2011 data from PayScale.com, which equals $25,376 to $33,925 annually based on 40-hour workweeks. Including overtime payments, profit-sharing and incentive bonuses, certified medical billers can earn total incomes between $26,172 and $35,931 per year. Moreover, a 2010 Bureau of Labor Statistics report showed that medical records employees, who included certified medical billers, earn median wages of $30,610 per year with a range of $24,290 to $39,490 per year.

Salary by Certification

Certified medical billers' salaries can vary according to the area(s) in which they are certified. For example, medical billers certified as patient account technicians earn some of the highest hourly rates at $12.65 to $19.65, per PayScale.com, which equals annual salaries of $26,312 to $40,872. Medical billers certified specifically as coding specialists, those who assign job codes to accounts, earn hourly rates of $11.79 to $19.44 per hour, or $24,523 to $40,435 per year. Those certified as coding associates who work with specialists earn hourly rates of $10.68 to $16.34, or $22,214 to $33,987 annually. And medical billers with a general coding and billing certificate earn $12.26 to $16.31 per hour or $25,501 to $33,925 per year.

Salary by Gender

Female certified medical billers earn slightly more than males at $12.26 to $16.40 per hour, per PayScale.com, or $25,501 to $34,112 per year. Male certified medical billers earn hourly rates of $12.37 to $16.30 or $25,730 to $33,904 per year. One reason females may earn more is because this profession has traditionally been dominated by female employees. Therefore, females may have more experience, on average, than their male counterparts.

Salary by City

Certified medical billers may also earn higher salaries in certain cities because of higher costs of living. For example, certified medical billers tend to earn some of their highest hourly wages in Dallas at $12.33 to $17.87, per PayScale.com, or $25,646 to $37,170 annually. Certified medical billers also earn relatively high hourly rates in Houston at $13.23 to $17.11, or $27,518 to $35,589 annually. Additionally, certified medical billers earn $13.25 to $16.63 per hour in Austin, or $27,560 to $34,590 per year. And certified medical billers living in Atlanta earn hourly rates between $13.00 and $15.54, or $27,040 to $32,323 annually.

Tags: billers earn, hourly rates, medical billers earn, earn hourly, earn hourly rates

Manage A Diabetic Patient

Manage a Diabetic Patient

Newly-diagnosed diabetic patients have a lot that they must learn and adjust to. Many diabetic patients do not know what blood glucose is or test it. They are generally unaware of how dietary sugar impacts their blood sugar. Additionally, many diabetic patients do not fully understand what diabetes is and how the disease process manifests itself. Many health care professionals will label a patient as not being compliant if the patient does not follow the advice of the health care team. However, a diabetic patient should be fully educated if compliance is expected. This is necessary for the patient to understand why the advice should be followed and the gravity of the disease.

Instructions

Manage a Diabetic Patient

1. Educate the diabetic patient about diabetes. Explain how diabetes impacts the body and what problems can arise if the diabetes is not properly managed. Do not attempt to scare the patient; simply explain the realities of poorly managed diabetes, such as diabetic neuropathy, poor circulation, and blindness.

2. Educate the diabetic patient on properly manage diabetes. Explain the role of diet, exercise, and regular blood glucose testing in managing diabetes. Ensure that the diabetic patient understands how the blood glucose test should dictate which food choices are beneficial at that point in time.

3. Teach the diabetic patient use the blood glucose monitor. Educate the patient on use the prescribed medication, whether it is insulin or oral drugs.

4. Refer the patient to a Diabetic Educator for follow up diabetic counseling. Ensure that the patient knows who to contact should questions arise.

Tags: blood glucose, diabetic patient, diabetic patients, Manage Diabetic, Manage Diabetic Patient, blood glucose test

Florida Xray Technician Salary

Florida may be the ultimate destination choice for theme park enthusiasts, golfers and beach combers, but when something goes wrong on vacation or in day-to-day life, medical professionals are standing by. To help patients suffering from broken bones or internal injuries, Florida's X-ray technicians, more formally known as radiologic technicians, didn't earn salaries matching their national counterparts, but wages varied throughout the Sunshine State.

Career Preparation

Becoming an X-ray technician requires a period of post-high school studies, but prospective technicians may choose program length. While a two-year associate's degree program is the most common, radiologic technology programs are also available in short-term certificates (up to a year) and four-year bachelor's programs. Florida is home to more than 20 schools offering radiography programs accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology, including Indian River State College, Dade Medical College, Keiser University, Brevard Community College and Santa Fe College.

State and Nation

Radiologic technicians numbered 213,560 in 2009, with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reporting a median salary for the profession nationwide as $53,240. Statewide wages for Florida's 13,770 X-ray technicians fell under the national median, at $50,670. At the highest pay rate, Florida X-ray technicians in the 90th percentile earned $67,720, and at the low point, $35,770 in the 10th percentile.

Sunniest Cities

Although Florida's statewide median salary for X-ray technicians didn't match the country's, parts of the Sunshine State did afford higher wages. The highest-paid X-ray technicians were in Naples-Marco Island, earning $57,550 as a median salary. Also above the country and statewide salary levels were technicians in Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice, earning $55,200 at the median level. Punta Gorda, at $54,830, Palm Coast, at $53,440, and Cape Coral-Fort Myers, at $53,290, also topped the national median. The highest salaries in the state were the 90th percentile wages in Port St. Lucie, at $78,210. Naples-Marco Island placed second, with 90th percentile salaries of $75,860.

Lowest Pay

The Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach areas paid the lowest median salaries for the profession, at $43,340, followed by Tallahassee's salaries for its X-ray technicians, at $44,470, and Fort Walton Beach-Crestview-Destin, at $44,710. Looking at the state's lowest 10th percentile wages, Port St. Lucie paid the least, at $29,540, followed by Orlando-Kissimmee at $30,310. X-ray technicians in Tallahassee earned a low level of $32,200 while those in Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach received $32,370 at the 10th percentile.

Tags: X-ray technicians, 10th percentile, 90th percentile, Florida X-ray, Florida X-ray technicians

International Veterinary Schools

Veterianrians care for livestock.

Similar to the United States, international veterinary schools provide training in various fields of veterinary medicine. Depending on the type of program, some institutions offer research and internship opportunities to students. Other related degree programs that are offered alongside veterinary medicine include veterinary nursing and specialized residency training in veterinary medicine. Some international programs are accredited by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).

University College of Dublin

The University College of Dublin was founded in 1854, and has five colleges around Dublin. In addition to offering various degree programs, the college is dedicated to scholarly research in all disciplines. The veterinary college provides students with the opportunity to receive their training at the University College of Dublin's veterinary teaching hospital. The College is registered with the Veterinary Council of Ireland. Prospective students can enroll in the bachelor of veterinary medicine, bachelor of veterinary nursing or diploma course in veterinary nursing.

University College of Dublin

Belfield, Dublin 4

Ireland.

+353-1-716-7777

ucd.ie

University of Cambridge

The department of veterinary medicine at the University of Cambridge was established in 1949, and provides undergraduate and graduate programs in veterinary medicine. In addition to receiving classroom training, students will work at the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital during their residency. The University also provides research and junior clinical veterinary job opportunities. Prospective applicants can enroll in the undergraduate or graduate program in veterinary medicine. Students in the undergraduate program spend the first three years of their training taking preclinical courses like farm animal husbandry, neurobiology in animal behavior, and preparing for the veterinary profession. Students take their clinical coursework during their final year.

University of Cambridge

Madingley Road

Cambridge

CB3 0ES

United Kingdom

+44-1223-37600

vet.cam.ac.uk

University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne is accredited by the AVMA, the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, and the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council. The veterinary program is offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Students with a bachelor's degree in biomedicine are eligible to enroll in the doctor of veterinary medicine program. The program runs for six years on a full-time basis. Entry requirements include a satisfactory completion of coursework in biology, chemistry or physics, mathematics, and English. After their preclinical coursework, students will receive training in veterinary science along with laboratory and clinical training; they will also work on farms and at veterinary hospitals as a part of their practical training.

University of Melbourne

500 Yarra Boulevard

Richmond VIC 3121

+61-3-9250-6800

unimelb.edu.au

Tags: veterinary medicine, College Dublin, University College, University College Dublin, undergraduate graduate, University Cambridge

Radiologist Salary In Wisconsin

A radiologist uses X-Ray technology and radioactive substances.

Radiologists earn six-figure incomes by employing state-of-the art nuclear medicine technoligies to detect and treat a variety of life-threatening ailments, including cancer. Working with patients, referring doctors and technologists, a radiologist spends the working day coordinating patient care as well as counseling patients and family members about treatment options.

Average Salary

The average salary for a radiologist working in Wisconsin was $381,958 as of May 2011, according to data compiled by CareerBuilder.com. The job listing website says the average wage range, from the 25th to the 75th percentile, was $270,808 to $457,924.

Compared to National Average

Radiologists in Wisconsin made approximately $40,000 more than their counterparts working elsewhere in the country. The national average pay for a radiologist was $337,598, according to CareerBuilder. The national average salary range was $239,356 to $404,740.

Benefits

The total pay package for a radiologist includes approximately $100,000 in benefits, according to compensation tracking website Salary.com. A radiologist working in Wisconsin's capital city, Madison, had a benefits package that included $3,609 of bonuses, $12,191 of social security, $9,310 of 401(k) contributions, $2,689 of disability insurance, $6,507 of health care insurance, $15,680 toward a pension plan, and $47,274 worth of time off.

Job Outlook

The outlook for radiologists is excellent, according to a report by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Due to a growing population and an expanding senior citizen category, the bureau predicts that the 10 year period 2008 to 2018 will see a 22 percent increase in the need for all physicians. Specifically, the report says that radiologists will be in high demand, as elderly patients will need nuclear medicine treatments to fight cancer.

Tags: average salary, national average, nuclear medicine, radiologist working, radiologist working Wisconsin, working Wisconsin