Colleges With Ultrasound Technician Programs

Sometimes called diagnostic medical sonographers, ultrasound technicians are medical professionals who administer medical tests that use sound waves to produce images of the internal structures within a patient's body. A number of colleges in the United States offer programs in sonography, a field the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts will grow by 18 percent from 2008 through 2018. Carrying the approval of the Commission on the Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, these schools prepare graduates for the exams necessary for voluntary certification in the field.

St. Catharine College

The Dominican Order of the Roman Catholic Church founded St. Catharine College in 1931 in St. Catharine, Kentucky. The private college is home to approximately 700 students and grants an Associate of Science degree in Diagnostic Sonography. The program allows students to specialize in general ultrasound (imaging of the abdomen and female reproductive organs), cardiac ultrasound (imaging of the heart) or vascular ultrasound (imaging of the blood vessels). Students spend 21 months in the program and must complete classes in composition, algebra, psychology and physics. Beginning in the third semester of the program, students spend 32 hours per week in clinical settings working directly with patients. Eligible students at the college can take advantage of federal and state financial aid to offset the cost of tuition.

St. Catharine College

2735 Bardstown Road

St. Catharine, KY 40061

859-336-5082

http://sccky.edu/

Tyler Junior College

Established in 1926, Tyler Junior College is a public college in Tyler, Texas. Approximately 14,000 for-credit students take classes at the college each year, but the college still manages to provide an average class size of only 21 students. The college's diagnostic medical sonography program takes two years to complete and culminates in an Associate of Applied Science degree. Four clinical rotations are included in the curriculum, which focuses on general sonography. The college also offers a one-year certificate program for certified general ultrasound technicians who wish to learn vascular sonography techniques. Financial aid opportunities at the college include federal and state loans and grants, veterans benefits, work-study placements and institutional scholarships. Job placement assistance is available through the college's Career Services department.

Tyler Junior College

Tyler, TX 75701

903-510-2200

http://www.tjc.edu/

Bellevue College

Located in Bellevue, Washington, Bellevue College is a public, two-year institution with approximately 5,700 students. To enroll in the college's Associate of Applied Science program, students must first complete prerequisite classes in English, mathematics, physics, bioethics, sociology, anatomy and physiology and medical terminology. The program covers general and cardiac ultrasound and requires two years to complete. Students participate in four clinical rotations throughout the course of their studies at the college. In addition to federal and state loan and grant programs, students can take advantage of veterans benefits, worker retraining and work-study opportunities through the college. A daycare center is located on-site and provides low-cost child care for the children of students and staff. The Career Connections Office at the college offers career advising and workshops on topics like resume-writing and interview skills.

Bellevue College

3000 Landerholm Circle Southeast

Bellevue, WA 98007

425-564-1000

http://bellevuecollege.edu/

Tags: Bellevue College, Catharine College, federal state, Junior College, Tyler Junior

Chinese Centenarian Diet

There is no doubt that a proportionally high number of people who live to be older than 100 years of age live in China. The interest in Chinese centenarians has increased as more studies focus on the excellent health they maintain. The very old in China live active and independent lives. At the epicenter of Chinese longevity, Bama County in Guangxi province, the ratio of centenarians is 30.8 per 100,000, far exceeding the international standard of 25 per 100,000 persons. In an unusual form of tourism, travelers visit to learn the nutrition secrets of the venerable seniors.

What are They Eating?

The Bama centenarians and other very old Chinese people show a lifestyle that is active, happy, serene and simple. Generally they eat a diet that is high in fiber, low in fat--especially animal fat--and high in omega oils 3 and 6. Their diet is low in sugar, high in vitamins and mineral substances and low in salt. It is very fresh.

They do not use dietary supplements to acquire these nutritional benefits, but find them in the food they eat. These centenarians eat whole grains, many kinds of legumes, fruits, nuts, and seeds. Very few animal products are consumed and the diet is semi-vegetarian.

The Chinese centenarians do not consume large meals or eat to the point of feeling full.

Typical meals are comprised of lightly cooked vegetables with corn, brown rice or hemp, often cooked in a porridge. They use a lot of freshly picked, organically grown peppers, pumpkin, tomatoes, amaranth, guava, pears, bananas and grapes. The produce is grown in soil that is very high in minerals, manganese, and especially zinc -- nutrients that help break down food. Omega 3 and 6 are derived from the hemp oil pressed from seeds.

In one area a porridge of rice, barley and corn flour is consumed twice a day. Rice wine is used and the centenarians in the Rugao area drink a yellow wine that is protein rich, full of enzymes, microelements and healthy bacterium.

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Fibrocystic Causes

Formerly known as fibrocystic breast disease, fibrocystic breast changes--or benign breast disease--is a widespread noncancerous condition in women between the ages of 30 and 50. Symptoms include lumpy or painful breasts, cysts and sensitive nipples. According to the National Cancer Institute, symptoms may vary during the menstrual cycle and typically subside after menopause.

Cause

The fluctuation of female hormones estrogen and progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle cause fibrocystic breast changes. Once stimulated, these hormones cause both connective and glandular breast tissue to expand and retain fluid. Some women endure moderately swollen breasts, while others have extremely sensitive and tender breasts. The severity of symptoms depends on the individual. Typically, fibrocystic change is a bilateral condition, meaning that it affects both breasts.

Risk of Cancer

The few fibrocystic changes that may pose a slight risk of cancer include papilloma, or tentacle-like tumors that grow in cells lining the breast duct; moderate or severe hyperplasia, or proliferation of cells that line the duct; complex fibroadenoma, or formation of a harmless tumor by the breast's connective tissue and cells lining the duct; and sclerosing adenosis, or a multiplication of milk glands that produces scar tissue and distorts cell arrangement.

Due to their density, fibrocystic changes may resemble cancer on mammograms. Doctors may recommend biopsies.

Vulnerable Groups

Women whose menstrual cycles begin at a young age or bear their first child after age 30 face a higher risk of fibrocystic breast changes. Women who have never given birth may also be at risk, according to Merck. In general, women who use birth control experience fewer symptoms, while women on hormone replacement therapy encounter more symptoms.

Treatment

As of 2010, there was no evidence that high-fat diets, chocolate or caffeine cause fibrocystic breast changes. However, women lowering their intake of soft drinks, coffee, tea and chocolate may retain less fluid and thereby alleviate breast pain from swelling. According to Medline, no studies have yet shown that supplements such as thiamine, vitamin E and evening primrose oil help treat fibrocystic breast changes. Although hormones and birth control medications have been used to address fibrocystic changes, their effectiveness as treatments has not been consistent, and they may cause unwanted side effects.

Tags: fibrocystic breast, breast changes, fibrocystic breast changes, fibrocystic changes, birth control, cause fibrocystic, cause fibrocystic breast

What Is Medical Thermography

What Is Medical Thermography?

Medical thermography or digital infrared thermal imaging is a diagnostic tool used by doctors. It produces images of the heat generated by different parts of the body.

Components

Medical thermography uses an infrared camera, a computer and a monitor. The system is PC based, allowing for statistical analysis of images with various programs.

Procedure

A patient stands in front of the infrared camera with arms out. The camera takes a picture and the image is processed by the computer.

Results

A doctor examines the images for abnormal hot and cold area in the body. These abnormal temperatures are characteristic of specific conditions. For example, when muscles are torn or stretched, they release chemicals which generate more heat than healthy muscles.

Applications

Medical thermography is used to screen for breast cancer, extra-cranial vessel disease, neuro-musculo-skeletal disorders and vascular disease of the legs. It is commonly used by chiropractors, neurologists and orthopedists.

Safety

Medical thermography is non-invasive. The IR camera doesn't touch the body or use any radiation.

Tags: Medical thermography, infrared camera, What Medical, What Medical Thermography

What Kind Of Doctor Treats Hair Loss

What Kind of Doctor Treats Hair Loss?

The cause of hair loss will determine the type of specialist to seek for treatment. Cause is often determined by results of blood tests performed by a trusted general practitioner.

Endocrinologist

Consult an endocrinologist for hair loss resulting from hormonal imbalances. An imbalance is often suggested by the presence of hypertension, menopause, hyperthyroidism or high cholesterol.

Dermatologist

Dermatologists treat hair loss related to scalp infections (such as ringworm) or autoimmune conditions (such as alopecia). Cortisone injections, oral medication or light therapy may be prescribed to help generate speedy regrowth of hair.

Nutritionist

Poor nutrition is a leading factor in many hair loss cases. The standard American diet lacks sufficient amounts of supplements (like B-vitamins and essential fatty acids), which are needed to maintain healthy hair. Adjusting an improper diet can prevent future problems and improve overall quality of hair.

Homeopath

Consider homeopathy for a holistic response to hair loss. In addition to the physical contributors to thinning hair, a homeopath will address any emotional stress leading to hair loss. Homeopathic remedies are noninvasive and have no side effects.

Acupuncturist

Acupuncture will stimulate points of energy in the body that Eastern medicine associates with baldness. An acupuncturist will often combine bodywork with herbal remedies to restore lost hair and prevent future loss.

Tags: hair loss, Doctor Treats, Doctor Treats Hair, Kind Doctor, Kind Doctor Treats, prevent future, Treats Hair

Average Salary Of A Registered Radiology Technician

Radiology technicians earn wages taking diagnostic images of patients.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most states require that radiology technicians register and obtain licensure, although they may do so by obtaining certification, an associate's degree or a bachelor's degree. The salary of a registered radiology technician varies based on his level of education, as well as how much experience he has, the type of employer he works for and his location.

Average Salary

The average salary of a registered radiology technician was $54,180 as of May 2009, according to data posted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The median salary was $53,240, with technicians that fell in the bottom 10 percent earning less than $35,700 and those that fell in the top 10 percent earning more than $75,440.

Employer

Most jobs for registered radiology technicians were found in general medical and surgical hospitals, where they earned an average of $54,770 as of May 2009 according to the bureau. Techs working in the offices of physicians earned an average of $50,860 a year, and those in outpatient care centers earned an average of $52,950. Wages were slightly higher than average for radiology techs working in medical and diagnostic laboratories or for the federal executive branch at $57,250 and $56,140 respectively.

Advancement

Registered radiology technicians can seek specialty certification in areas such as CT scanning or bone densitometry in order to advance. They may also move on to become radiologic technologists, chief radiologic technologist and/or department administrator. Radiology techs may seek higher wages in industries such as management, scientific and technical consulting services or scientific research and development services, where the bureau states the average salaries were $61,970 and $64,800 respectively.

Location

Massachusetts had the highest salary average of all states for registered radiology technicians as of 2009 at $68,530, according to the bureau. Nevada and Maryland followed with averages of $66,420 and $65,820 respectively. The San Jose and Oakland areas of California were the two highest paying metropolitan areas for techs with salary averages of $78,300 and $72,790 respectively.

Tags: 2009 according, earned average, radiology technicians, registered radiology, 2009 according bureau

Diagnostic Medical Sonography Schools In New York

Clinical experiences are a major component of sonography programs.

Sonographers can expect good job prospects--career growth in medical sonography is expected to increase 18 percent between 2008 and 2018, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. As medical imaging technology continues to progress, more health care professionals are turning to sonography as a safer alternative to radiation imaging methods. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education (CAAHEP) certifies sonography programs in New York and across the nation.

Hudson Valley Community College

Hudson Valley Community College, located in Troy, offers a one-year certificate program in diagnostic medical sonography. Prospective students must already possess a two-year degree in an allied health program such as radiologic technology, nursing or respiratory therapy. They must also have at least 400 hours of experience working directly with patients in a hospital setting. Students admitted to the sonography program will complete clinical experiences during the year, including the summer.

Hudson Valley Community College

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Brahan Hall, Room 026

Troy, NY 12180

518-629-7123

hvcc.edu

Long Island University

Long Island University, a private institution with campuses in six cities, offers an accredited sonography certificate program specializing in vascular technology. Candidates need a high school diploma or its equivalent, and they must be interviewed to gain acceptance to this program, located on the Brooklyn campus. Required coursework includes ultrasound practices, cardiovascular health, and venous and arterial procedures. The university also offers a certificate in cardiac sonography. Students must have a bachelor's degree to enter the cardiac sonography program.

Long Island University

School of Continuing Studies

1 University Plaza

Brooklyn, NY 11201

718-488-3322

brooklyn.liu.edu/

Western Suffolk BOCES

The Western Suffolk Board of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) provides educational training and programs to Long Island residents. The board offers vocational and technological programs at its Wilson Technology Center campuses. This center offers a two-year certificate program in diagnostic medical sonography. Required clinical experiences provide students with the opportunity to work in specializations such as obstetrics and gynecology or vascular sonography.

Western Suffolk BOCES

17 Westminster Ave.

Dix Hills, NY 11746

631-667-6000

wsboces.org/

Rochester Institute of Technology

The Rochester Institute of Technology has both certificate and bachelor's degree programs in medical sonography. The certificate program requires 70 to 72 credit hours of coursework and includes an internship. The certificate is designed for students who are already working in the health care industry or have a post-secondary degree in an allied health program. The four-year bachelor's degree prepares students to enter the workforce or pursue a graduate school medical program. They will be exposed to a variety of sonography specialties, including vascular and abdominal sonography.

Rochester Institute of Technology

1 Lomb Memorial Dr.

Rochester, NY 14623

585-475-2411

rit.edu

SUNY Downstate Medical Center

This Brooklyn-based medical center offers both health care services and academic programs. The center has a bachelor's degree program in diagnostic medical imaging. Applicants must have already completed at least 60 credit hours at an accredited college and maintained a 3.0 grade point average (GPA) in order to be admitted to this two-year program. They will need to submit transcripts documenting they earned at least a grade of C in anatomy, physics, chemistry, psychology, math and English courses. In addition to several medical science courses, students admitted to the Downstate program study specializations such as echocardiography. They also complete practicums and ultrasound labs to gain hands-on experience in sonography.

SUNY Downstate Medical Center

College of Health Related Professions

450 Clarkson Ave.

Brooklyn, NY 11203

718-270-7760

downstate.edu/

Tags: bachelor degree, certificate program, Long Island, Community College, diagnostic medical, health care

Funny Adult Homemade Costumes

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Next time you get invited to costume party, let your imagination go wild. A lot of costumes can be at home and still be the hit of the party. You do not have to spend a lot of money to create a funny costume that will impress.

Cat with Liter Box

Dress as a cat wearing black sweats, black tail, cat ears and draw a nose and whiskers. Get a new kitty-liter box and fill it with a mixture of rolled oats and granola cereal. Add Tootsie Rolls, softened with water, and chocolate icing. When you see your friends, ask them if they would like a nibble---disgusting but funny.

One-Night Stand

Make a night stand out of a big cardboard box. Basically, turn the box upside down and cut a hole for your head. Put a table cloth over the box. You will also need to cut a hole for your head. Glue things to the box that you would find on a night stand. For example, an alarm clock, glass of water, pill bottle, candle, coins, etc. Wear a lamp shade on your head for this funny play-on-words costume.

Ugly Betty

Even more hilarious if you are a man, dress as Ugly Betty. Wear a long brown wig, colorful long-sleeved shirt, vest and long skirt. Make your eyebrows very thick and bushy-looking by using a brown eyeliner pencil. Make fake braces out of tinfoil and wear red glasses. For the final touch, wear a necklace with a "B" pendant.

Nick Nolte Mug Shot

Grease your hair up with lots of gel and baby oil. Blow-dry your hair, making it as stringy and unwieldly as you can. Wear a Hawaiian shirt and make a jail sign to wear around your neck. Write "Nolte, Nick" and a case number on the sign.

Tags: your head, hole your, hole your head, night stand, Ugly Betty

Dental Help For The Elderly With Low Incomes

Dentists often offer discounted dental care to low-income seniors.

Medicare -- the primary health insurance for most seniors -- doesn't provide dental coverage. Unfortunately, not all elderly can afford the cost of dental insurance or to pay for dental care out-of-pocket. Most dentists provide some kind of charitable dental care for elderly patients, according to a 2007 American Dental Association survey. In general, dentists provide discounted care to more than half of their at-risk elderly patients and free care to about another 15 percent.

Medicaid

In some states, the elderly have access to Medicaid dental benefits, although dental care may be minimal or only available in certain counties. Check with the Health and Human Services Department in your county to find out if dental care is covered. As with Medicaid programs in general, income eligibility requirements apply. Government-funded dental assistance programs typically target low-income children and young adults, whereas dental care available to older adults is usually limited. While it's up to individual states as to whether they provide Medicaid dental coverage to adults, fewer than half of all states provide it. Most states provide emergency dental services.

Senior Centers

Local senior centers are another possible resource where you can get information about free dental clinics in the area. Some senior centers have dentists who periodically visit and provide free dental care to elderly individuals with low incomes or health problems. Your local Area Agency on Aging may be able to help by giving you referrals to dentists who offer discounted fees to seniors.

Dental Associations

In some communities, dentists offer services to elderly individuals who cannot afford to pay for dental care. Contact your state's dental association or your local dental society to inquire if there are dentists in your area who provide free or low-cost care to seniors with limited income and no dental insurance. Volunteer dentists sometimes visit residents in nursing homes and rehabilitation centers who are physically unable to travel to a dentist's office.

Schools of Dentistry

If you are fortunate enough to live near a college or university that has a school of dentistry, you may have access to free or low-cost dental care. School dental clinics often offer dental services at reduced rates -- sometimes half of what a private practice dentist would charge for the same dental procedures. Specific eligibility requirements may apply. While some clinics only offer basic dental care, other advanced programs offer more comprehensive care. The fees for advanced program clinics may be higher than those for basic care programs, but are still cheaper than what you would have to pay a dentist in private practice. Some dental schools also offer emergency dental care at low cost.

Tags: dental care, care elderly, dental care elderly, dental clinics, dental coverage, dental insurance

Identify A Real Louis Vuitton

Louis Vuitton is a famous brand copied by counterfeiters.

Established in 1854, Louis Vuitton is a renowned brand in the fashion industry. Coveted by men, women and children, it's no wonder many have tried to counterfeit the LV brand in order to grab a piece of its winning success. If you want to be able to differentiate between the real deal and its counterfeit counterparts, there are a few tricks of which you need to be aware. There is no need to waste hard-earned money on an imitation Louis Vuitton product masquerading as the real thing. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Pay close attention to the stitching. The stitching on your Louis Vuitton item should be uniform. The precise number of stitches is usually about five stitches across the top of the item, and will also be found elsewhere. However, some French vintage handbags are manufactured differently, so the customary five stitches are not always present.

2. Turn your Louis Vuitton item upside down. It is common knowledge that on most authentic Louis Vuitton items, the LV logo underneath is upside down. The Keepalls, Papillons and most of the Speedy styles are the exceptions, as these LV logos are right side up. The LV logo should not only be the same throughout your item, it should be without defect.

3. Pay close attention to patches on your Louis Vuitton Item. Older counterfeit LV bags have patches on their inner and outer linings. If you find such a bag, remember that real vintage LV items do not have any patches.

4. Familiarize yourself with the authentic LV font. Vendors who sell counterfeit LV items are becoming experts at fooling the public.

5. Observe the small details before deciding to buy a Louis Vuitton item. For example, the zippers on LV wallets are either brass or gold. On some occasions these can be silver, but the zippers all have an expensive look.

The interior of your LV item should have a tiny piece of leather stamped with the location in which your item was made. Although replica LV items may be stamped, The interior leather will be low quality.

If you purchased a Louis Vuitton item and the tag is attached, then it most certainly is a counterfeit purchase. It's customary for the tag to be tucked into one of the pockets of your item or it is given to you at time of purchase in an envelope along with your receipt.

6. Glide your hand on the smooth leather of a real Louis Vuitton item. There should not be any grainy feeling underneath the pads of your fingers. The leather should also have a nice shiny finish. Additionally, while luggage and rare limited edition pieces have serial numbers, LV handbags have date codes stamped on the interior tag or lining.

Date codes contain letters and numbers. The letters indicate the country in which the item was manufactured, while the numbers tell the month and the year. Date codes cannot always be used to prove authenticity of a vintage LV item. Handbags manufactured in early 1980 and previous years do not have date codes.

Tags: Louis Vuitton, Vuitton item, your item, item should, Louis Vuitton item

What Are The Causes Of Tenderness In Breast For Men

What Are the Causes of Tenderness in Breast for Men?

Tender breasts in males are almost always caused by gynecomastia, which is swelling of the breast tissue. Although gynecomastia doesn't pose any real threat to your health, notes Mayo Clinic, it can be embarrassing to have large male breasts.

Puberty

Many boys develop gynecomastia during puberty as their estrogen and testosterone levels rapidly change. As they mature, these hormone levels should stabilize, and the gynecomastia will usually go away on its own, states Medline Plus.

Increased Risk

Certain medications increase the risk of gynecomastia in men, including prescription drugs used to treat anxiety, AIDS and cancer. Excessive alcohol consumption and anabolic steroid, marijuana and heroin use can also increase your risk.

Misconceptions

Many men who just have excessive fat around their breasts believe that they have gynecomastia when they actually have pseudogynecomastia, which is caused by obesity.

Treatment

Two effective types of surgery to treat gynecomastia are liposuction, which removes the fat in the breast, and mastectomy, which actually removes the breast gland tissue.

Diagnosis

To diagnose a patient with gynecomastia to make sure it actually is the cause of breast tenderness, a doctor will ask about your family and medical histories and about the medications you are taking. She may also examine your breast tissue, abdomen and genitals.

Rare Causes of Tender Breasts

Other causes of tender male breasts are rare and include male breast cancer and a breast abscess (mastitis).

Tags: breast tissue, Causes Tenderness, Causes Tenderness Breast, male breasts, removes breast

Credit Hours Needed For A Bachelor Degree

Credit hours needed for a bachelor degree in the United States are similar throughout the country. The most common degrees are the Bachelor of the Arts (B.A.) and Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees, and are usually focused in one discipline. Credit hours in a bachelor degree are usually split between major classes, general education requirements and elective classes.

Credit Hours

At most major universities around the United States, the total credit hours needed for a bachelor degree range between 110 and 130. The most common number is an even 120.

Per Semester

A full-time semester of 15 credit hours every fall and winter will allow a student to earn a bachelor degree in 4 years without needing additional spring or summer classes.

Major Credits

Most universities require from 35 to 55 credits in the area of the major of the bachelor degree. These include between 8 and 14 classes that each department makes mandatory for a degree.

General Education Credits

Every school (such as science or arts) requires a certain number of general education classes to be taken by any student within that school, no matter the major. The credit hours are usually around 50.

Elective Credits

Elective credits are additional classes needed for a bachelor degree. They can sometimes be taken as extra electives within a major, or can be other classes of supplemental interset to a student, usually around 30 credits.

Double Major

A double major of two bachelor degrees usually requires between 140 and 150 credits. These double majors force a student to take less electives and more major-intensive courses.

Honors

Honors programs usually do not increase credits, but they dictate which classes those pursuing a bachelor degree may take, and often require grading standards.

Tags: bachelor degree, needed bachelor, needed bachelor degree, bachelor degree, credit hours, degrees usually, general education

The Morse Potential

The Morse potential helps determine a molecule's vibrational structure.

A molecule refers to a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. The Morse potential, named after Physicist Philip M. Morse, is used to approximate the vibrational structure of a molecule.

Definition

Morse potential states two atoms capable of forming a chemical bond will produce a diatomic molecule when they come in close vicinity to each other. Diatomic molecules are comprised of two atoms with either the same or different chemical elements. Morse potential describes the potential energy, or the energy stored in a system due to its configuration, of the diatomic molecule.

Bonds

Morse potential takes into account the effects of bond breaking when determining potential energy. Chemical bonds can be broken due to reactants, which results in a change of energy. Morse potential also considers unbound states, or molecules not attached by a chemical bond, when determining the energy potential used in describing molecule vibrations.

Anharmonicity

Morse potential also considers anharmonicity, which is caused when oscillation, or rotation, does not occur in simple harmonic motion. A molecule's oscillation, or vibrational structure, can affect its potential energy.

Tags: Morse potential, potential energy, vibrational structure, also considers, chemical bond, diatomic molecule

Yasmin & Weight Loss

Yasmin is intended to be used as an oral contraceptive, not as a weight loss pill.

Yasmin is a birth control pill which prevents ovulation and alters the uterine lining to make it more difficult for sperm to reach the uterus. Some women claim that Yasmin is effective not only as an oral contraceptive, but also as a weight loss pill. According to CBS medical correspondent Dr. Emily Senayone, a research team monitored by the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology found that more than half of their 300 female subjects lost an average of two pounds after six months of taking Yasmin.

Use

If you intend to use Yasmin as a weight-loss tool as well as a birth control pill, you should first speak with your doctor. Always consult a medical professional before adding a body-altering drug like Yasmin to your health regimen. Yasmin is 3.0 mg of the progestin drospirenone and 0.030 mg of the estrogen ethinyl estradiol in pill form. Take one pill daily at the same time each day. If weight loss is one of your goals for Yasmin, it is best to take your pill right after your last meal of the day. Taking Yasmin after eating increases the likelihood of weight loss.

Effectiveness

Although Yasmin is highly effective as a birth control pill, it is not reliable as a weight-loss tool. One of Yasmin's active ingredients, drospirenone, is a diuretic which decreases bloating and water retention. As a result, the majority of women lose excess water weight while taking Yasmin. However, it is important to keep in mind that some women actually gain weight while taking Yasmin because it also contains the counterproductive weight-retaining hormone estrogen. Depending on whether your body responds more strongly to the drospirenone or estrogen, you will likely experience either minor weight loss or weight gain while taking Yasmin.

Warning

The estrogen and progestin in Yasmin alter the body's normal regulation of salt and water, which can result in weight loss or weight gain. The alteration of salt and water regulation in the body by Yasmin can also cause serious side effects. Yasmin has been linked to an increased risk for heart attack, stroke and thrombosis.

Tags: weight loss, birth control, birth control pill, control pill, taking Yasmin

Make The Effects In "Xmen The Last Stand"

Visual effects require excellent raw footage.

Creating visual effects like those done in the film "X-Men: The Last Stand" requires an advanced knowledge of visual effects software and its use. Teams of digital effects artists spend weeks working on big budget film effects using expensive and industry leading equipment. Producing similar effects at home can be done, but requires the correct equipment and a skilled visual effects artists. Fortunately, basic visual effects are not overly difficult to do.

Instructions

1. Purchase a high performance PC. Lots of RAM, hard drive space, processing power and an excellent video card are required to do advanced visual effects.

2. Download and install an professional grade visual effects software Adobe After Effects is an excellent tool and recommended.

3. Determine what effects from the film should be reproduced. X-Men: The Last Stand utilizes hundreds of different effects select which one(s) will be reproduced.

4. Shoot the raw footage. Visual effects software requires raw footage. It is important to correct as much of the raw footage for the shoot rather than worrying about it in post-production. For example, if a scene is too dark, add more light; avoid making adjustments to the brightness in post-production.

5. Import the raw footage to the computer and load it into the visual effects software.

6. Research the effect that will be achieved. The help file for the software will tell users perform basic effects. There are many tutorials available that instruct users do specific effects.

7. Create the effects. Follow the instructions from the tutorial to create the specific desired effects.

Tags: effects software, Last Stand, visual effects, visual effects software, X-Men Last Stand

Get A Walking Event Together

Walking events are great ways to raise awareness in your community for charities and wellness.

Walking events provide an outlet to generate funds and raise awareness of special causes in your community. Interest groups, schools and community leaders can help you announce the event, gather resources to pay for the hosting site and strengthen community connections for your business. Well-known walking events include the March for Dimes, Susan G. Komen 3-Day for the Cure, Making Strides Against Breast Cancer, Fall Pier to Pier Run/Walk in New York and other events across the nation. You can organize an event like these or develop your own for local causes in your community.

Instructions

1. Write an outline explaining the purpose, audience and expected outcome you would like to achieve from hosting a walking event. Identify a cause to donate funds to, such as charities, schools or nonprofits of your choice. If the event sponsors awareness, develop a plan to invite certain organizations to provide funding to host the walking event in your city. Conduct research to find the costs for hosting an event in the city in order to create sponsorship packages that invite organizations to participate.

2. Contact organizations in your community to propose sponsorship opportunities to fund your event. Request permits to host your event in your city. Check local requirements with your county's deeds office before announcing the event's location to participants. Traffic and participant control is necessary; speak with the police chief to hire off-duty officers to attend the event.

3. Recruit and train volunteers on the principles of fundraising to sponsor teams in the competition. Use publishing software to create brochures, flyers and announcements to share in your community. Work with knowledgeable community leaders to promote your events within their networks of family, friends and colleagues. Use your project timeline to keep track of tasks, notes and costs.

4. Offer local businesses opportunities to have tents, refreshment stations and other activities available for spectators. Propose a price list for spaces available at your host site then advertise locations through local newspapers, word of mouth and other grassroots marketing.

5. Pay for the hosting site, vendors' base pay and other fees for the event. Make sure you have documentation from all transactions. Ensure volunteers stay to manage the cleanup phase of the event. Offer volunteers awards for outstanding work.

Tags: your community, causes your, causes your community, community leaders, event your, event your city

Army Reserve Deployment Policy

According to the U.S. Army website, the Army Reserve was officially created on April 23,1908 as the Medical Reserve Corps. Prior to this, the idea of a part-time civilian fighting force dates back to the Revolutionary War period of history and the rapid deployment of Minutemen. Deployment procedures for the Army Reserve now vary.

Reserve

The Today's Military website reports the Army Reserve is a military service allowing members to live and work at home, but be available to the U.S. Army when needed. Army Reserve units meet one weekend each month for drilling purposes and serve around two weeks each year of active military duty.

Deployment

According to the "Army Times" website, the Army Reserve only can be called into active duty by the president, Congress or the secretary of defense.

Types of Deployment

Only Congress has the power to order a full deployment of the Army Reserve in the event of a war or national emergency. The Army Times website explains that the president can mobilize members of the Army Reserve for a limited deployment period of a maximum of 24 months. The secretary of defense is limited to calling up Reservists for a period of 15 days.

Tags: Army Reserve, According Army, Army Times, Army Times website, secretary defense, Times website

What Do To Make My Breasts Bigger

If you happen to be one of the many women who is unhappy with your small chest, you may be asking what you can do to make your breasts bigger. Although the only sure way to get a bigger chest is through breast implant surgery, there are many other options you may want to explore first--especially considering the possible negative side effects of surgery, including obstructed mammography, breastfeeding issues, infection and possible leakage. Does this Spark an idea?

Exercise

Exercise is one way you can increase the size of the muscles under your breasts and give them a firmer appearance. By improving your posture through strengthening your back muscles, your chest will stick out further, and your breasts will look bigger. Some weight exercises for the chest include push ups, wall-ups, bench presses, machine chest presses, dumbbell or machine flies, inclined presses and butterflies. Start with six to eight repetitions of each exercise and slowly increase how many reps and sets you do. Along with weight lifting, try swimming to improve the muscle tone in your chest.

Diet

You can eat certain foods that might be beneficial in enhancing your chest size. Since breasts are made of fatty tissue, one way to increase their size is to eat more fatty foods and gain weight, but this is only a good option if you are currently underweight. If you are a healthy weight, then becoming heavier could cause health issues that aren't worth your enhanced chest size.

Some people believe that there are certain foods that can help breasts grow. One theory is that foods like red meat and milk products can help increase chest size since the animals that produce them have often been injected with hormones. Another idea is that foods that contain phytoestrogens, or plant hormones similar to estrogen, can be beneficial. Some foods and supplements that contain phytoestrogens include lentils, oats, soybeans, carrots and celery, as well as fennel, fenugreek, alfalfa, dong quai, ginseng, gingko biloba, carrot root leaves and saw palmetto. Other foods with healthy fats that could help plump up breasts include olive oil, nuts and seeds. Also, consuming lean meat, fish, fruits and vegetables can improve the skin's elasticity.

Other Options

Besides surgery, exercise and diet, you can try some other options to increase your chest size. One is something called biostimulation. This technique, used by such celebrities as Madonna and Gwyneth Paltrow, sends gentle electrical pulses to contract and relax your breasts up to 900 times an hour. Another possibility is "Bust Up" gum, which releases phytoestrogen as you chew it. You can also try some of the breast-firming creams or lotions on the market. Just be sure you know any possible side effects you might experience, and realize that you may be spending money on something that won't be effective. They also may not be FDA approved.

Some therapists recommend the power of positive thinking and suggest that if you think bigger and concentrate on sending your fat cells to your breasts, that you can effectively increase their size. In addition, many women experience increased breast size when the are pregnant and breastfeeding; however, these results are often only temporary, and breasts can return to their smaller size afterward.

Tags: your breasts, chest size, your chest, foods that, certain foods, certain foods that

Schools For Medical Lab Technologists

Clinical technologists analyze blood and other tissues.

Physicians rely on medical and clinical laboratory technologists to provide them with crucial diagnostic assistance. Laboratory technologists are trained to analyze blood and tissue samples, searching for health and risk factors such as parasites, drugs, chemicals or other abnormalities. This is a brief categorization of the hundreds of training programs available.

Associate's Degree Programs

Associate's degrees are awarded in two-year programs, offered by a range of vocational and technical schools, community colleges and some universities or hospitals. This is the minimum requirement for a laboratory technologist. An associate's degree in science includes foundational courses in general science and the humanities, including some form of written English, aside from specifically health-oriented course work. Supervised clinical experience is also an important part of the program. Associate's degrees are now seldom seen among technologists, as most employers prefer a bachelor's degree.

Bachelor's Degree Programs

Baccalaureates typically require four years of study at a university, technical school or teaching hospital. Although the first two years are very similar to an associate's degree program, students benefit from a wider range of course work and additional clinical experience. Course work will typically include subjects such as chemistry, microbiology and statistics, as well as some management and administrative subjects. Students may choose to focus their training on one specialized area of practice or earn some knowledge of the widest possible range. Both employment strategies have their advocates.

Graduate Degrees and Advanced Clinical Specialization

Advancement for clinical technologists is driven by a combination of experience and higher education. Some return to school in search of advanced clinical specializations, such as histotechnology or cytogenetic technology. Others select a career path in management, by earning either an MBA or a master's degree in one of the related biological sciences. Those who aspire to careers in research, laboratory direction or academia are best served by a doctoral degree in one of the biological sciences.

Certification and Credentialing

Professional certification is also necessary for most careers, and is offered by various bodies including Board of Certification of the American Society for Clinical Pathology or ASCP, the American Medical Technologists and the Board of Registry of the American Association of Bioanalysts. Many current technologists were also certified by the National Credentialing Agency for Laboratory Personnel, which has since merged with the ASCP's former Board of Registry. Each clinical specialization has its own credentials, which must be maintained by a regular process of professional development.

Tags: analyze blood, associate degree, Associate degrees, biological sciences, Board Registry, clinical experience, Degree Programs

Technical Specifications For Electric Hydronic Baseboard Heating Systems

The technical or engineering specifications for electronic hydronic baseboard heating systems vary by manufacturer. Baseboard heaters suitable for continuous operation may have different specifications than heaters designed for occasional use. This type of heating system is an economical option for structures that do not have access to other fuel sources. Does this Spark an idea?

Construction

An electric hydronic baseboard heater designed for continuous operation is required to be constructed of .028-inch electro-galvanized steel with a minimum of .040-inch electro-galvanized steel control boxes. The front cover and support brackets should be constructed of 18-gauge steel. The external finish should be baked on enamel.

Function

Electric hydronic baseboard heaters do not need to be connected to plumbing. Liquid is sealed within the heater. This type of heater is easy to install in existing structures to provide additional heat or as a solitary heat source. Cool air is pulled in through the bottom vents and heated as it passes by the heating element. Warm air exits through the vents in the top of the heater.

Size

Baseboard heating systems are designed to compliment any home d cor and not obstruct the placement of furniture. Length will vary, but most systems are under 7 inches high and less than 3 inches deep.

Heating Element

Heating element wire should be 80 percent nickel and 20 percent chromium encased in a steel sheath. Fins made of aluminum should be designed and crafted to block sheath radiation to both the front and back of the heater body by being pressure bonded to the steel sheath.

Safety

A linear thermal cut-out is required to automatically shut off heater if it becomes overheated. All baseboard heaters should be UL approved for mounting on any type of flooring, including carpet. Be sure to read the owner's manual prior to installing any electric hydronic baseboard heating system.

Electrical

Many baseboard heating systems can be wired from either end. The heater can be wired to a remote wall thermostat or a built-in thermostat. Follow the instructions that come with your heater for proper wiring procedures. In most cases, the thermostat is built-in and contains three ground wires. Be sure to connect all three ground wires together with a wire nut.

Advantages

Electric hydronic baseboard heating systems offer several advantages over other types of heating systems. Hydronic heating does not dry the air, runs quietly and does not spread dust and allergens. A homeowner does not have to add liquid to this type of heating system, or be concerned about covering floor vents with furniture, allowing for more variety in furniture location. Electric hydronic heaters do not get hot on the surface, so children and pets will not get burned and furniture can be placed near the heater.

Disadvantages

This type of heating system cannot be connected to a cooling system. It takes longer to heat a room than a forced air furnace.

Tags: heating systems, heating system, baseboard heating, baseboard heating systems, hydronic baseboard

Nuclear Medicine Average Salary

A nuclear medicine technologist must adhere to strict safety guidelines.

Nuclear medicine is the process of creating images of the inside of the human body using radioactive drugs and a gamma scintillation camera that monitors the progress of the drugs through the body. A nuclear medicine technologist is the medical practitioner who performs this procedure. The technologist explains the procedure to the patient, administers ---orally or intravenously --- the radio-pharmaceuticals and uses the camera to track the drugs through the body. Abnormal areas show higher or lower concentrations of radioactivity than normal. The resultant images are then used by physicians to aid diagnosis of afflictions.

Average Salary

A survey of employment and wage levels across the United States by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) found that the average yearly salary for a nuclear medicine technologist was $68,450 as of 2009. This equates to a monthly income of $5,704 and an hourly rate of $32.91. The BLS also reported that the highest bracket of earners --- the top 10 percent ---achieved an average pay of $90,650 a year, while their counterparts in the bottom 10 percent earned $48,710 annually.

Salary by Industry Sector

Nuclear medicine technologists are employed in many sectors of the healthcare industry and wage levels can vary between them. The BLS survey showed the highest average annual salaries were found in the offices of physicians, $71,070, followed by the offices of other health practitioners, $70,250. Wage levels were comparable in federal government agencies and medical and diagnostic laboratories, $68,780 and $68,150 respectively, while general medical and surgical hospitals were listed at an average of $67,750.

Salary by State

A second significant factor affecting nuclear medicine technologist salaries is location. At the state level, across all industry sectors, the BLS found that California, New Jersey and Maryland offer the highest annual salaries, $86,590, $80,520 and $79,500 respectively. Washington and Nevada offered comparable levels of pay, $79,340 and $78,590 respectively. South Dakota was listed at $55,850 while West Virginia offered an average annual salary of just $50,830.

Salary by Area

Even on a smaller geographical scale, that of metropolitan areas, the BLS survey revealed considerable variations in pay. California had several districts among the highest-paying locations. The San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara area paid $94,830 as of 2009, the Oakland-Fremont-Hayward district was listed at $94,220 and he San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City area offered $93,380. In contrast, Ocala, Florida was listed at $60,000 while Sioux Falls in South Dakota offered just $54,850.

Prospects

Salary levels for nuclear medicine technologists working in the U.S. should remain reasonably competitive in the immediate future as demand for their services grows. The BLS expects to see the employment market for the occupation increase by 16 percent through 2018. A combination of continued technological advancement in the field and an aging population requiring more diagnostic imaging services will motivate this employment growth. A technologist may wish to train in other imaging technologies, such as sonography, to enhance his employment prospects.

Tags: medicine technologist, nuclear medicine technologist, nuclear medicine, annual salaries, average annual

Recover From A Stellate Ganglion Injection

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy(RSD) is a very painful condition that impacts every aspect of your life. If you have RSD of the upper limbs, it is an understatement to say that life is a challenge. If you try and pick up an item using your hand or arm that has RSD, you will be left with pain for hours. You may feel an aching or burning sensation after you use your affected limb. A Stellate Ganglion block is given to ease the pain in patients that have nervous system disorders that occur in the upper part of the body such as Herpes Zoster, RSD, or phantom limb pain. Before the procedure begins, your physician will usually give you medication that will help you to relax. The procedure takes only a few minutes and consists of injecting a pain medication into the group of nerves that can be found on the sides of the voice box in your neck. Throughout this process, your vital signs will be monitored using an EKG, and a blood pressure cuff. You will also have a device placed on your finger to monitor your oxygen levels. The goal of this injection is that the sympathetic nerves are blocked from sending pain signals to the affected area. For some patients, this procedure causes minimal discomfort, and they are able to return to work the following day. For others, the aftermath of a stellate ganglion injection takes a bit longer to recover. Here are helpful tips to help you recover.

Instructions

Recover from a Stellate Ganglion Injection

1. Don’t drink or eat anything. You must wait at least 4 hours after this procedure to swallow. Due to the sedation, your swallowing reflex may not be working properly.

2. Eat soft foods for a couple of days. Many patients complain that it feels as if there is a “lump” in the throat. Until this sensation disappears, avoid eating crunchy foods because you may have pain as you swallow.

3. Nap. After a stellate ganglion injection, your mind will be in a fog. You may also feel slightly amnesiac for an hour or so. This is normal and should be expected. You will be very groggy or have a headache because of the side effects of the medication that was used. It is best to sleep off these side effects.

4. Try not to talk. Your voice will be hoarse and your throat may feel sore. Grab a notepad and start writing when you need to speak. This will help you heal faster if you take it easy on your voice box. Never yell after this type of injection because the sensation of having a “lump” in your throat will only worsen.

5. Use antihistamines. Sometimes the pain medication that is used can cause you to feel itchy. Speak to your physician about using an antihistamine every 4-6 hours to relieve your discomfort.

6. Rest. Some patients require rest up to a week after the injection and others are able to bounce back the next day. Each patient is different. You should always listen to your body and rest as much as possible if you feel extra tired. Don’t do more activities than your body can tolerate.

7. Take pain medication. In the days after this procedure, your body may feel stiff and very sore. Discuss with your physician which medication will help you to alleviate your painful symptoms. Take this medication on a regular schedule to ease the pain near the injection site.

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Read Diagnostic Tests

A kind of medical test that is performed to help in the diagnosis and detection of a disease, measure its progress or recovery and the confirmation that a patient is free from the disease is called a diagnostic test. Not all diagnostic tests are invasive, some are merely a part of a physical examination only requiring the hands of a skilled medical practitioner and can be performed in the clinical environment, while others require extensive and high-end equipment that is often operated by medical technologists. Diagnostic tests done for the detection of a serious illness require tissue samples or body fluids that are sent off to the laboratory for further analysis.

Instructions

1. Do an initial assessment of the signs and symptoms you are currently experiencing. For example, difficulty in urination, burning sensation upon urination, back pains and fever, which are some of the common symptoms of a urinary tract infection.

2. Study the organ system the diagnostic test was indicated for and understand its purpose through reading materials such as medical and nursing books, reliable Internet websites and the like.

3. Note the normal values of each item stated in the examination, by writing them down on paper.

For example:

Urinalysis

Specific Gravity: normal range is within 1.002 to 1.0028; this detects the concentration of the urine. A small amount of protein or ketoacidosis are noted with slight elevations of this range.

pH: Normal range is 4.8 to 7.5; below 4.8 indicates acidity while more than 7.5 indicates alkalinity.

Ketone Bodies: should be absent.

Proteins: should be negative.

4. Obtain a copy of the diagnostic test result.

5. Go through each of the parts included in the exam.

6. Take note of the increased and decreased values.

7. Relate the abnormal values with the implications you have observed and the signs and symptoms you are experiencing.

For example: An abundant presence of leukocytes, pus and bacteria in the urinalysis result indicates a urinary tract infection.

Tags: diagnostic test, experiencing example, signs symptoms, tract infection, urinary tract, urinary tract infection

Career Opportunities In Radiology

Radiologists are in demand.

If you like science, medicine and working with cutting-edge technologies, a career in radiology could be for you. Many specialties and subspecialties are available to the potential radiology employee, including breast imaging, emergency radiology, neuroradiology and pediatric radiology. Radiology workers are in demand: According to Maryland Health Careers, "With the advent of computers and the increased use of technology in the health care setting, the profession is growing faster than healthcare facilities can recruit staff."

Radiologist

A radiologist is a medical doctor that specializes in diagnostic techniques that use medical technologies such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-rays. After completing an undergraduate degree, medical school and a residency, a radiologist must become board-certified, meaning she must pass a national test recognized by the American Board of Radiology. A career in radiology can be quite lucrative, with a median salary of $278,543 per year.

Radiologist Assistant

The radiologist assistant (RA) is an advanced position similar to a physician's assistant. An RA assists the radiologist in preliminary diagnosis and treatment and in conducting invasive procedures. A radiologist must supervise an RA. Final diagnostic reports can't be written by an RA---these must be done by a radiologist. There are only 10 academic programs in the United States that train radiology assistants, six of which offer master's degrees. After completion of these degrees, the RA must complete a radiologist-supervised internship; he must then be certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT).

Radiologic Technologist

The radiologic technologist (RT) controls the diagnostic equipment to make the images for the radiologist to use in her diagnoses. An associate's degree in radiologic sciences is the minimum education needed to enter the profession. Additional training may be needed in different specialties offered by the hospital in which the RT is employed. The four major types of technologies the RT specializes in are: ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An RT must be certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists. The median annual salary for an RT is $52,210.

Radiology Management

With a Bachelor of Science degree, an RT can attain management status. In this capacity, the radiology manager supervises other RTs and assumes more responsibilities regarding a patient's procedures. The ARRT estimates that an RT manager makes up to 30 percent more money than an RT.

Radiologic Nurse

A radiologic nurse is employed in hospitals. She can assist the patient in understanding the radiologic procedures, educate the patient's family or help maneuver the patient into positions that will make him more comfortable and relaxed during certain procedures. A radiologic nurse records the radiologist's comments, as well as communicates with other hospital staff on behalf of the patient. A radiologic nurse must be a graduate of an accredited nursing school. The average annual salary for a radiologic nurse is $58,240.

Tags: radiologic nurse, American Registry, American Registry Radiologic, annual salary, career radiology, certified American, certified American Registry

How Do Medical Image Machines Work

Radiographs, utilizing X-rays, are often used to view the heart and lungs.

The ability to perceive the state of structures within the human body without opening it surgically has transformed medicine's ability to diagnose disease. While the practice of medicine has existed in some form for thousands of years, medical imaging has been around only since 1895. Starting with radiography, medical imaging has branched into several modalities, each best suited for various conditions. Kinds of imaging machines share similarities and differences in the way they work.

Physics

Generally, most medical imaging functions by permeating the body with energy that is either absorbed, transmitted through or reflected back. The subtle changes in this energy is detected by sensitive chemicals, electronic sensors or other detectors and sometimes analyzed by computers. The type of energy used varies according to the type of pathology suspected, area to be examined or other factors.

X-Rays

The use of X-rays in medical examination dates to 1895. Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (a physicist, not a physician) was experimenting with vacuum tubes that emitted radiation when he discovered that some of the radiation was not only invisible but could penetrate cloth, wood, paper and even flesh. As he continued to experiment with the equipment, he found that the rays could be directed at an object (or person) to be examined and would produce a shadow that could be captured on film. Where the rays encounter little resistance, they leave a dark area. Thin tissue, air, lungs and other such structures appear dark. Denser tissue, such as heart muscle, visceral organs and bones, absorb the energy and appear on developed film as light areas.

Computerized Tomography

Computerized tomography, also called CT or CAT scan, works by employing the same kind of energy. X-ray frequency radiation is essentially the same kind of radiation as visible light but is at a much more energetic frequency, allowing it to penetrate objects opaque to light. In computerized tomography, X-ray frequency radiation directed through the body is detected by sensors. Both the emitters and detectors rotate around the body of the subject, and this motion produces data about the structures from a variety of perspectives. No film is produced as in the simpler radiograph (X-ray film). Instead, computers use sophisticated algorithms to produce a mathematical model of the patient, which is displayed on computer screens or printed for easier viewing or transport.

Sonography

The waves of energy capable of penetrating the body don't have to be electromagnetic in nature. Sonography, also known as ultrasound, uses sound waves, which are easily transmitted by fluid and, because the human body is composed mostly of water, most parts of the anatomy. Soft tissue is most easily imaged by sonography, which also has the advantage of being far more portable than computerized tomography or X-ray. Though early work into sonography was done in the 1940s, a practical scanner for producing images was not fielded until the 1960s.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sometimes regarded as the most esoteric of the modalities in common use. The specifics of MRI are quite complicated; in short, though, the subject is placed in a very strong magnetic field and then exposed to radio-frequency radiation. This process causes the hydrogen atoms in the body to emit radiation. The sensors in the machine detect the location, quantity and frequency of these emissions, and a powerful computer uses this raw data to construct a virtual model of the subject's body. MRI is effective for viewing both soft and bony tissue. Though the word "radiation" is used, it's important to note that ordinary light and radio waves are radiation, and they are harmless. Like them, the radiation used by MRI has not been shown to cause side effects or illness, and it is a major advantage of the technique.

Tags: medical imaging, computerized tomography, computerized tomography X-ray, frequency radiation, human body, radiation used, same kind

What Are The Functions Of A Mainframe Computer

Mainframes are massive processing machines.

Computers started out as massive mainframes that could fill an entire room. Then, micro-technology led to the computer shrinking down to such a size that it could fit in an individual's palm. However, businesses are realizing that contemporary mainframe computers have a number of useful functions.

Central Data Repository

Unlike modern personal computers in which every workstation has a hard drive of its own, mainframe computers store every user's data within itself. This takes the form of the application binary data to execute programs, as well as the configuration and data files for every user. When users log in from a remote terminal, the mainframe gives that terminal access to the files and programs that the user has the authorization to access or execute.

Preserve Data Permissions

Storing applications and data on a single mainframe can lead to increased productivity and efficiency, as administrators can simply load data files or applications into the mainframe and then set which users can access them. While this system has its advantages, the system running on the mainframe must preserve and enforce user privileges to ensure that only authorized users can access specified applications or data files. A malfunction or glitch in such enforcement could have serious security implications for the firm using the mainframe.

Allocate Processor Time

Unlike personal computers which give every workstation a processor that is dedicated to crunching numbers for its user's computer use, mainframes have a limited number of processing cores to divide among users that are currently logged in. The mainframe can do this in a variety of ways, such as different users having different priorities attached to their accounts, or the mainframe attaching different priorities to different types of processes or programs. The mainframe's system administrator can choose allocate processor time.

Run Intensive Applications

The primary benefit of running a mainframe is its sheer processing power. In 2011, a mainframe could have 16 or more processor cores. This makes them ideal for running programs that require huge amounts of computational resources. Such programs can include financial trading systems or programs that model massively complex social or scientific systems. Using a mainframe to run these programs not only increases the speed at which they operate, but cuts down on the overall level of hardware that the programs would require in the first place.

Tags: data files, programs that, applications data, computers which, could have, different priorities

Convert Doc Files To Rtf

A .doc file is created by Microsoft Word. The Rich Text Format (.rtf) preserves formatting information, such as fonts, margins and line spacing, but is not specific to any application. These conversion procedures apply in general to most word processors on any operating system, but are specific to Microsoft Word 2000 on Windows XP.

Instructions

1. Open your word processing program, such as Microsoft Word 2000. Choose the "File" menu and then the "Open" option to display the "Open" dialog box.

2. Look for the .doc file that you want to convert. If .doc is not a native format for your word processing program, you'll need to choose that format in the "Files of Type" drop-down at the bottom of the dialog box. Otherwise, you won't see .doc files listed.

3. Double-click on the file so it appears in a document window. Confirm that this is the file you need by scrolling through it quickly.

4. Choose the "File" menu and then "Save As" to display the "Open" dialog box again. Navigate to the folder in which to store the .rtf file.

5. Choose "Rich Text Format (RTF)" in the "Files of Type" drop-down. Click the "OK" button to save the file as .rtf. Unless you change it, the new file name uses the original file name plus the .rtf extension, such as "Example.rtf."

6. Close the current .doc file without saving any changes.

7. Open the .rtf file you just created. Scroll through it quickly to ensure that all elements converted correctly. If you make any changes, resave the .rtf file.

Tags: Microsoft Word, your word processing, Choose File, Choose File menu, display Open

Repair A Book Binding

Repair a Book Binding

Sometimes favorite books need repairs on their bindings. It's not a hard thing to do, if you have the right tools and know what you are doing. However, if the book is valuable, let an expert repair the binding.

Instructions

1. Examine the book to determine what you need to repair. In all likelihood, it's going to be the hinge that needs tightening or pages that require resetting.

2. Pour a small amount of glue in a straight line on a piece of waxed paper. Roll a knitting needle in the glue and gently tap off any excess.

3. Pull the loose hinge away from the front or back board that serves as the cover of the book. Do this as gently as possible.

4. Run the knitting needle loaded with glue between the board of the book and the hinge. Reload the needle with glue and come in from the other direction as well.

5. Smooth the hinge plate back into place. Place a sheet of waxed paper inside the front and back cover of the book to keep any excess glue from sticking to the book. Set something heavy on the book and let it set for a day or two.

6. Replace lost pages or text blocks in a slightly different manner. Open the book and lay it flat on a table. Run a bead of glue down the inside of the spine. Set the page or pages back into place. Put a piece of waxed paper on either side of the page. Fold the book shut and leave it for a day or two.

Tags: waxed paper, back into, back into place, Book Binding, cover book

Get A Pink Breast Cancer Ring

Get a Pink Breast Cancer Ring

The pink ribbon is one of the most recognizable of all the "awareness" ribbons. Its iconic image is known worldwide as the symbol of breast cancer awareness. The pink ribbon has inspired pink varieties of all sorts of things from measuring cups to appliances to jewelry. Rings are a subtle and thoughtful way to show your support for those who have battled breast cancer. Pink ribbon rings come in dozens of designs to fit individual styles and budgets.

Instructions

1. Choose the two-toned, all-pink Promise Ring from Susan G. Komen for the Cure when you're looking for a bargain. Made from stretch silicone, these trendy looking, one-size-fits-most Promise Rings can be worn on any finger. You get two rings for $5, so you'll have "one to wear and one to share."

2. Tell the world you're stronger than steel with a pink titanium ring from The Breast Cancer Site. The "A Friend Loves" Pink Ribbon Titanium Ring is engraved with a passage from Proverbs reading, "A friend loves at all times. ~ Proverbs 17:17." Or choose the "Angels Watching Over You" Pink Titanium Ring. It's engraving reads, "He will command his angels concerning you to guard you in all your ways. ~ Psalm 91:11."

3. Wear one of Generous Gems' ribbon bands for a contemporary look. Their Pink Ribbon Ring and Pink Cigar Style ring have a tungsten core and are coated in jeweler's ceramic. Each one features a delicate black ribbon on the outside. They're available in whole and half sizes from 5 to 9.

4. Match your pedicure polish to your pink ribbon toe ring. For a sterling silver toe ring with engraved pink ribbons, visit Sterling Insanity's Amazon.com site. From Amazon's homepage, search for "pink ribbon toe ring" to locate it. Headcovers Unlimited sells a pink ribbon toe ring made with Austrian crystals. This cool jewel looks like it's floating even though it's secured with a transparent cord.

5. Support your wife, mother or friend with the "In Support" Men's Pink Ribbon Awareness Ring from The Breast Cancer Site. Because breast cancer affects everyone it touches, this rhodium plated ring allows men to show they care. The engraving on the inside reads, "I wear this for the woman I love," and bears a pink ribbon.

Tags: Breast Cancer, pink ribbon, pink ribbon ring, ribbon ring, breast cancer, Breast Cancer Ring, Breast Cancer Site

Red Ribbon Week Nonmotorized Float Ideas

Hand out anti-drug buttons during the Red Ribbon Week parade.

Red Ribbon Week, typically celebrated the last full week in October, is the largest and oldest drug prevention campaign in America. The initiative aims to educate community members and children about the dangers of drug use, as well as the importance of drug prevention among youths. One way to share this message is through a parade float.

Balloons

Create a parade float that literally floats in the air with a balloon display. Buy dozens of red balloons. Rent a tank of helium and start blowing them up. Using a long piece of strong fishing line or light rope, create the simple red ribbon shape on the ground. Tie the ends of the red balloons going around this ribbon shape. Ensure each balloon is secured with a tight knot. During the parade, invite students to hold either end of the ribbon float and slowly walk the balloons through the parade.

Horses

Horses are a non-motorized mode of transportation that can be used in an eye-catching parade float. Find someone who works with the animals and ask whether she would like to get involved. Adorn the horse's saddle and reins with red ribbons and ask the rider to wear red, too. Create posters that people can carry as they walk beside the horse to further address Red Ribbon Week. Think of a slogan that incorporates the horse, such as "Animals don't do drugs. Why should you?". Ensure horses are permitted during the parade before moving forward with this idea.

Banners

Share the importance of drug awareness by displaying the message in a series of posters and banners. Start with strong papers of all sizes and secure them to pickets that participants can hold as they walk through the parade. Write "Red Ribbon Week" on a large banner that's at least 6 feet long. Create other posters with facts about drug abuse, including that using inhalants can cause sudden death through asphyxiation. Also include a banner that provides a way for parade spectators to get involved, such as a website about drug prevention.

Rolling Props

Create a Red Ribbon Week parade float that can be rolled down the street. Almost anything with wheels can be turned into a float -- wagons, baby strollers and wooden hay beds. Make a float design that can be pulled on one of these moving parts. Create over-sized, dirty-looking drug paraphernalia with a large red circle and cross around them. Or ask local students to ride on one of these larger moving beds to throw candy and red ribbons into the crowd as they're pulled through the festivities.

Tags: Ribbon Week, parade float, drug prevention, through parade, about drug, banner that

Avoid Caffeine Headaches

Millions of people suffer from migraines, or pounding headaches that often immobilize them. While the cause of migraines is different for everyone, a common culprit is caffeine withdrawal. Like any other withdrawal, when you do not replenish your body with something it is used to, your body reacts unpleasantly---in this case, with a debilitating headache.

Whether you are cutting down on the caffeine for health reasons or lifestyle reasons or have no access to caffeine due to special circumstances, there are ways to avoid caffeine headaches.

Instructions

1. Wean yourself from the caffeine slowly. For instance, if you drink four to six caffeinated beverages a day, cut your intake by one drink every two or three days. If you only drink one or two caffeinated beverages a day, cut down on the size of the beverages rather than the number. This gives your body time to adjust without shocking your system.

2. Replace the skipped beverages with a non-caffeinated herbal tea. Chamomile, peppermint and citrus teas are tasty and soothing. Use a non-calorie sweetener or honey to boost the taste even more.

3. Exercise during the free time in which you used to down caffeine. Walk during breaks at work, and jog or do a 15-minute yoga workout in the mornings and evenings. Light exercise will give you an energy boost by oxygenating your body. Follow exercise with lots of water.

4. Take one or two 500-mg tablets of your preferred pain medication if caffeine withdrawal does hit. Start with one tablet, and take another if the pain does not lessen after about 30 minutes. Sip some hot herbal tea with your medication; the teas mentioned in Step 2 help relax muscles and relieve pain.

Tags: your body, caffeinated beverages, caffeine withdrawal, down caffeine

Identify A Goiter

If you suspect that you have a goiter, or that a friend or family member does, then the following information will help you to identify the condition. Remember, only doctors should diagnose a goiter; but evaluating your symptoms on your own may be just what you need to spur you into making a doctor's appointment!

Instructions

Identify a Goiter

1. The hallmark sign of goiter is a swollen neck. While the swelling is usually painless, it is generally embarrassing for the patient. Any type of neck swelling, whether mild or severe, should be checked out by a doctor.

2. Have a blood test. Doctors must do a blood test to determine if the right amount of thyroid hormone is present. It is also important to determine how the pituitary gland is working, as it controls the thyroid. The blood test can tell a doctor what different kinds of thyroid problems you may have, and, if you have a goiter, what type of goiter it is.

3. Try swallowing. Those with goiter will many times have problems swallowing (and in some cases even breathing). If you can't swallow the way you used to, mention it to your doctor. if you don't have any of the other symptoms, you may not have goiter; conversely, if you do have other symptoms, your chance of goiter is increased.

4. Determine if there is a tight feeling in the throat. If you are evaluating a friend or family member, you need to ask if she has a tight feeling in her throat. If you are worried about yourself, ask yourself honestly if this is a symptom you are experiencing.

5. Now that you know the different symptoms to look for, write all of yours down on a piece of paper. This will help your doctor identify a goiter, or at least determine if you need additional tests.

Tags: blood test, have goiter, family member, feeling throat, friend family, friend family member

Fix The Digital Camera Lines On The Screen

Remove digital camera lines from a screen.

New digital cameras have an increased pixel capacity, allowing for smoother looking images on par with 35 mm film cameras. However, it is still possible to see digital lines in the pictures you capture. The digital lines are due to a few different settings on the digital camera, with all the problems capable of being fixed through adjustment of the camera settings.

Instructions

1. Clean the lens of the digital camera. Dust and fingerprints can disrupt the path of light entering the shutter, causing it to displace and form lines through the image. Wipe the lens clean with a lens cleaning cloth (the same cloth used for cleaning eyeglasses).

2. Power on the digital camera and bring up the menu. Choose the capture options and select "Digital Zoom." Turn off the digital zoom function. A digital zoom increases the size of the pixels, causing a square look and increasing the lines through the image.

3. Turn on the flash feature while taking pictures at night or in the dark. Light is needed while taking a dimly lit image, and with an absence of light, the image becomes pixelated, and lines are seen throughout the image.

Tags: digital camera, digital lines, digital zoom, lines through, lines through image, through image

The Advantages Of Hmo Vs Medicare Plan

Medicare HMO Advantage Plans provide low-cost advantages.

Medicare is a government-subsidized health insurance program for people aged 65 or older. And while traditional Medicare plans help to cover hospital and outpatient costs, participants can still end up paying substantial out-of-pocket costs. In most cases, Medicare HMO Advantage plans offer advantages in terms of lower costs, coordinated care and additional coverages.

Lower Costs

HMO Advantage plans, also known as Medicare Health Maintenance Organization Advantage Plans, differ from traditional Medicare in that private insurance companies administer HMO plans, whereas the federal government administers traditional plans. And while Advantage plans cover the same treatments and services as traditional plans, private insurers can charge lower costs because of how HMO plans are structured. HMO plan structures provide a managed treatment approach to care that's designed to eliminate unnecessary costs and services, according to Medicare.gov. In reducing unnecessary costs and services, HMO Advantage plan participants pay lower premium rates than those charged by traditional Medicare plans. And while insurance rates and coverages vary from state to state, required co-pay and deductible amounts under HMO Advantage plans typically run lower than those for traditional plans.

Coordinated Care

HMO plans operate within an assigned network of service providers, according to Medicare.gov. This means participants receive treatment, services and supplies from within a designated group of hospitals, doctors and agencies. This kind of plan structure acts as a continuum of care that's designed to provide patients with a coordinated treatment approach. In doing so, duplicate or overlapping services, such as testing or primary care services, are avoided. In effect, the primary care physician coordinates any treatments, services or referrals made on a patient's behalf. As a result, each service provider within the network has a clear understanding of a patient's history and can carry out their assigned role within the treatment continuum.

Full Part A & B Coverage

Traditional Medicare plans have two parts, one for hospital care, or Part A, and one for outpatient care, or Part B. As of 2011, plan participants pay a $1,132 deductible before Part A benefits kick in and a $162.00 deductible before Part B benefits kick in, according to Medicare.gov. Individuals who have HMO Medicare Advantage coverage don't have to pay these deductible requirements as they're already covered by the plan. Participants typically have to pay monthly premium amounts for an Advantage plan in addition to the required monthly premium for Medicare Part B. HMO Advantage plans may also offer additional coverages not covered by traditional Medicare, such as prescription drug coverage as well as additional coverage for hospital stays that exceed the limits set by traditional Medicare.

Tags: traditional Medicare, according Medicare, Advantage plans, Medicare Advantage, Medicare plans, traditional plans

Academic Requirements To Become An Ultrasound Technician

These are the educational and training requirements to become a ultrasound technician.

Ultrasound technicians perform ultrasound procedures, creating images that show the inside of the human body. Types of ultrasound procedures include abdomen, obstetric, carotid, breast, musculoskeletal, vascular and thyroid images. These procedures use sound waves to generate images, which are considered safer then other imaging procedures, because they don’t use radiation. Imaging procedures that use radiation include computed tomography, radiography and mammography. Career opportunities are available in hospitals, clinics, health care facilities and private practices. According to Indeed, as of 2010, the average salary for ultrasound technicians is $57,000 per year.

Academic Coursework

Prospective ultrasound technicians must complete a sonography program at the certificate or associate degree level. While both associate degree and certificate programs require students to complete core sonography coursework and training, an associate degree program requires students to complete general education requirements as well. Those with an associate degree are eligible for continuing education opportunities at the bachelor’s degree level. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) should accredit any prospective sonography program. Enrolling in an accredited program ensures that an institution meets the minimum admission and academic standards set forth by the CAAHEP and prepares students for careers in sonography. The CAAHEP offers legal liability coverage and provides oversight to all programs in their system. The curriculum includes courses in general sonography, sonographic physics and sonographic instrumentation.

Clinical Training

Students participate in clinical training opportunities in a medical facility. This offers students an opportunity to observe and learn under a professional ultrasound technician. Students are able to apply the theories and principles they learned in the classroom to real life situations. Clinical training allows students to work with patients and develop the practical experience and interpersonal skills necessary to work in this field.

Credentials

Sonography program graduates can earn certification through the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS). Certification proves to potential employers that an applicant understands operate sonography equipment. The examination covers sonography principles and instrumentation and various sonography specialties, including the abdomen, breast, neurosonology, echocardiography, obstetrics and vascular technology. While a sonography program prepares students for certification, the ARDMS offers various preparation materials, including study guides, practice tests and content outlines.

Tags: associate degree, sonography program, degree level, prepares students, students complete, ultrasound procedures