The Best Day & Month To Trade Stock

Although it is easy to dismiss these changes as chance, there have been well-documented historical trends in how the value of stock changes throughout the month and year, with some days and months consistently faring better in the market. Although stocks can be profitable any time, and waiting to invest only at these times may miss other opportunities, an awareness of these trends can be helpful.

Best Days of the Week

Looking over a wide historical time frame, stock values have gone up on Fridays more often than other days of the week. The difference, unfortunately, is not particularly significant and does not suggest it would be worth it to invest money in stocks at the end of every Thursday and take it out again at the end of every Friday. In a shorter time frame, like any given year, another day could have a better average performance.

Best Days of the Month

Particularly for stocks that have been rising over the long-term, prices historically rise more significantly during the last days or the month, and the first day of the month, and then fall in the following early days of the month. It appears that this is because of money managers, anticipating more money becoming available at the beginning of the month from 401(k) plans and savings, piling money into stocks as the new month draws near. The rise at the very beginning of the month may come as this money becomes available.

Best Month of the Year

The beginning of May through the end of October has been a bad time for stocks, while December, January and April have been the best months of the year, the first two months believed in part to be connected with consumerism related to the holiday season. While December stands out for the benefit of coming before another strong month, April has the downside of coming directly before the period known for being bad.

Other Consideration

Although these days and months have done well historically, there are other things to consider. Of course, investing in the days and month before the times when you expect values to rise will be helpful for receiving the full benefit of these changes, but this is not the only reason the times that have performed best are not always the ones that are going to make your investments the most money. Money in stocks can be made be correctly predicting falling values as well as rising ones, and that the best investment you can make will also be shaped by the kind of investment you are making, including how much you have to invest.

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Binaural Vs Monaural

When recording engineers and audio researchers started experimenting with recording better sound in the 1950s, they started trying two offshoots of traditional monaural recording: stereo and binaural. Stereo won the dominant role because it offered a three-dimensional sound without special recording techniques or headphones. You could put a stereo record on the turntable, play it and listen anywhere in the room for the basic effect. Binaural became specialized and monaural nearly ceased to exist.

History

In monaural recordings, you hear the same thing in both ears whether you are listening with headphones or through speakers. Most early recordings were made this way and the technique viable until the 1960s. The first four albums recorded by The Beatles were monaural recordings from which simulated stereo was produced for stereo albums, but it wasn't true stereo. When EMI, the company that produced Beatle albums, released them on compact disc, they originally used the monaural recordings to get a purer sound.

Monaural

Monaural recordings might be produced with one or more microphones, but the sound is mixed down to one monaural track. Stereo recordings are made by placing at least two microphones and recording them to separate tape tracks. Both tracks have spillover sound from the other, thus creating a three-dimensional effect that is most pronounced in headphones.

Binaural

Binaural sound is recorded much differently. It uses two microphones about 7 inches apart on either side of a dummy or mannequin head. This technique simulates the distance between a human's ears, plus the deflection and blockage in sound caused by the head. The idea is to record sound and play it back in headphones as near as possible to the way you would hear it live.

Recording Monaural

Monaural sound always was the easiest to record and reproduce. Because there is no difference between channels, microphone placement is less important. Most low-end hand-held recording devices, movie cameras and video cameras record sound this way. Binaural sound would be impossible to record on such devices.

Recording Binaural

One way to create binaural sound yourself is to take an old set of headphones and attach microphones were the ear pieces are, then feed the microphone signals into a recording device capable of recording two tracks from two microphones at the same time. You then could play back the recording directly into headphones. This might be a preferred method because one of the other problems with binaural recording is that each person's ears hear sound differently.

Tags: Binaural sound, Monaural Monaural, monaural recordings, play back, record sound

File For Tenncare

TennCare is the only program to service an entire state Medicaid population under a managed care system.

TennCare is basically a state-sponsored Medicaid program that provides subsidized healthcare to qualifying Tennessee residents. TennCare operates under Section 1115, a waiver from Central Medicare and Medicaid Services in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services provisions, to demonstrate the efficiency and quality in which a state program can provide healthcare services to low-income individuals who would not otherwise qualify for Medicare or Medicaid. The TennCare program provides medical, behavioral and mental healthcare and extended care through Managed Care Organizations in each region throughout the state. To file for TennCare, you must apply in person at your nearest Department of Human Services. Applicants must be lawful residents of Tennessee.

Instructions

1. Visit the Department of Human Services nearest to you. Bring proof of income, such as a tax return or pay stub, as well as proof of state residency, such as a Tennessee driver's license or state ID card.

2. Fill out the official application for TennCare enrollment. Present supporting documents on request for Department records. Submit the completed application to a DHS representative. DHS will then evaluate your case and determine whether or not you qualify for TennCare.

3. Answer any questions or present any additional infomation if a DHS representative contacts you after filing. You may be asked to interview in person if your case requires it.

4. Register at your chosen or assigned Managed Care Organization when notified by DHS that you qualify. If you are denied TennCare enrollment, you can appeal by phone to the Family Assistance Service Center, or in writing to DHS.

Tags: Human Services, Department Human, Department Human Services, Managed Care, Medicare Medicaid, person your, TennCare enrollment

About Missouri High Risk Health Insurance Pools

Health insurance pools provide insurance for individuals ineligible through other providers.

Individuals with serious health conditions are considered high risk to most health insurance companies. Pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, cancer and HIV can cause individuals suffering from the conditions to be denied individual health insurance. Health insurance pools were designed to provide insurance coverage for individuals who do not have access to health insurance from other sources. The State of Missouri has a high risk health insurance pool that provides protection to Missouri residents who have been turned down for health insurance from other carriers.

Eligibility

Only Missouri residents are eligible to participate in the Missouri Health Insurance Pool (MHIP). Residents must be able to provide proof that they have been turned down for similar insurance from at least two insurance companies. Individuals whose insurance has been involuntarily terminated for reasons other than non-payment of premium are eligible to apply. Also, participants whose health insurance premiums have exceeded rates above the MHIP rate standards are eligible to apply.

State Benefits

The Missouri Health Insurance Pool provides manged care benefits such as inpatient and outpatient care, home health care, maternity and residential treatment facilities coverage. The MHIP also provides medical benefits to pay for medically necessary supplies and services. Medical service benefits include preventative care such as cancer screenings, mammogram exams and immunizations. Other medical benefits include emergency room and chiropractic care as well as treatments provided by a primary care physician.

Federal Benefits

The federal government has enacted an insurance plan for individuals who are considered high risk. The federal Pre-existing Conditions Insurance Plan provides major medical coverage for participants who cannot obtain insurance because of a serious health condition. The state of Missouri has developed a medical plan in conjunction with the federal PCIP plan to provide coverage for participants through a preferred provider network. After a $1,000 annual deductible is met, the plan will pay 80 percent from care received from in-network providers. The plan will pay 50 percent for care received out of the network.

Providers

The MHIP is a Preferred Provider Network (PPO) which means participants receive a higher level of service and lower out of pocket costs by choosing doctors and hospitals within the provider network. There are over 16,000 physicians and 130 hospitals that participate in the PPO. MHIP providers participate in the Blue Cross Blue Shield PPO network.

Costs

Missouri high risk health insurance rates vary depending on the age, gender and plan selection of the individual participant. By law, the state of Missouri cannot set premiums that exceed 200 percent of the average rate standards for comparable coverage. An example of rates for the MHIP $1,000 deductible plan for females between the ages of 40 to 44 is $784 per month. The rates for males in the same category are $543 per month. As age increases, the monthly premium increases. Participants who choose a plan with a higher deductible can save on their monthly premiums.

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Duties Of A Medical Office Administative Assistant

One duty of a medical office administrative assistant might be bookeeping and invoicing.

The duties and responsibilities of an administrative assistant working in the medical field may vary. Medical office administrative assistants can be found in nursing homes, dentist offices, physicians' offices and hospitals. While some duties will vary between medical office administrative assistants, the basic duties will be similar.

Front Office

Duties of a medical office administrative assistant always involve front office duties. Front office duties can include answering the phones, scheduling appointments, greeting patients, corresponding with insurance and making follow-up or reminder phone calls to patients in regards to upcoming appointments.

Transcribe and Proofread

Often, a medical office administrative assistant will transcribe for the doctor. The doctor, dentist or other health care professional will talk into a Dictaphone. The doctor may read a letter or other document into the Dictaphone then give the Dictaphone to the medical office administrative assistant. At this time the assistant will transcribe the letter or document onto a word processor or computer. Usually the doctor will read aloud a letter that needs to be typed up. After the assistant transcribes this letter the doctor will review, revise and eventually sign.

A medical office administrative assistant might have the duty of proofreading documents. The doctor may prepare a letter or a document and have the assistant proofread it before the document is sent on. Occasionally the assistant will proofread documents going to insurance companies. Sometimes if a patient is late paying the bill, the assistant will proofread the letter that goes to the patient to notify them of the defaulted payment.

Record Keeping

The medical office administrative assistant most likely will have the duty of maintaining the patient records. The duty of maintaining patient records will also include being responsible for sending invoices (bills) to the patient and insurance companies. Sending documentation to insurance companies will include medical insurance coding and the duty of understanding and carrying out billing procedures.

Tags: office administrative, administrative assistant, medical office, medical office administrative, office administrative assistant, assistant will

Definition Of Simple Mastectomy

A simple mastectomy (also known as a total mastectomy) is the complete removal of a breast to treat cases of breast cancer. This removal includes the nipple and the areola.

Reasons

Typically, simple mastectomy is performed on patients with multiple or large instances of cancer or on patients who want to prevent breast cancer from occurring.

Surgery

Surgery consists of one incision across the patient's chest, allowing the removal of the entire breast. A simple mastectomy can take up to two hours, but more time would be needed if the lymph nodes need to be examined or if the patient has opted for reconstructive surgery of the breast.

Lymph Nodes

In a simple mastectomy, lymph nodes in the underarms are not intentionally removed (a procedure called axillary lymph node dissection). Lymph nodes may be removed if they are in the breast tissue during the surgery. However, lymph nodes may need to be examined in the process for the presence of cancer cells.

Aftermath

Recovery involves one or two days in the hospital and prescription of pain medication for the first week after surgery. Over-the-counter medicine should be sufficient to ease discomfort after the first week. The aftermath of the surgery also results in the temporary presence of a drain to remove excess fluid. The patient is responsible for dealing with the drain until its removal in a few days' time.

Radiation

After the surgery, a patient may need to undergo radiation therapy if the size of the tumor is larger than 2 inches, if there are cancer cells near the chest wall or if an analysis shows that the lymph nodes have cancer cells.

Tags: cancer cells, lymph nodes, breast cancer, first week, lymph nodes need, need examined

Ultrasound Transducer Types

Ultrasound transducers are used in a variety of medical and industrial equipment.

Sound consists of vibrations that can be heard by humans and other animals. Ultrasound is a type of sound frequency that cannot be heard by humans. Since "ultrasonic" is a word used to describe ultrasound frequency, the terms ultrasound transducer and ultrasonic transducer are used interchangeably.

An ultrasound or ultrasonic transducer is a device that converts energy -- such as electricity -- into ultrasound vibrations. These vibrations bounce off of material, such as body tissue and water, to create echoes or computerized images for medical or industrial analysis.

General Varieties

There are many types of ultrasound transducers that are generally labeled according to their design or intended usage. For example, contact transducers are used by applying them directly to, or having contact with, a solid surface for analysis. Some contact transducers are named according to their general design, such as a dual element, a linear array or a convex transducer. Contact transducers can also be named according to what they are used for, such as trans-vaginal transducers.

Unlike contact transducers that are applied directly to solid surfaces, immersion transducers are submerged into liquids such as water and oil for analysis.

However, regardless of the general names and specialized varieties of ultrasound transducers, all ultrasound transducers are ultimately classified in one of two fundamental groups: piezoelectric or magnetostrictive.

Piezoelectric Transducers

Piezoelectric transducers operate from the piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric effect occurs when energy is produced by applying mechanical stress between two non-conducting surfaces. Non-conducting surfaces are surfaces that do not conduct -- or are resistant to -- electricity. The non-conducting surfaces used in piezoelectric transducers are crystals, which are primarily made from quartz, Rochelle salt or ceramics.

Piezoelectric transducers are considered to be the most versatile type of ultrasonic transducer. Some piezoelectric transducers are used for vibration control and pressure sensors. These can be found in audio equipment speakers, printing devices, space platforms and aircraft. The medical industry commonly uses piezoelectric transducers for diagnostic imaging, such as in sonograms.

Magnetostrictive Transducers

Magnetostrictive transducers use oscillating magnetic fields to expand and contract various kinds of magnetic materials within the transducer. The magnetic materials primarily used within these transducers are nickel and nickel alloys. The magnetic expansion and contraction of these materials generate high-frequency mechanical vibrations.

Magnetostrictive transducers are used in numerous industrial environments, such as steel and paper mills. These transducers are also utilized for ultrasound cleaners, underwater sonar and surgical tools.

Comparisons

Most manufacturers of ultrasound systems use piezoelectric transducers. Proponents of piezoelectric transducers cite that magnetostrictive transducers are larger, less energy-efficient and may require special cooling methods. However, others counter that magnetostrictive transducers are more durable, facilitate better multiposition measurements and that piezoelectric transducers have a greater propensity to lose power over an extended period of time.

Tags: piezoelectric transducers, transducers used, ultrasonic transducer, according their, contact transducers, heard humans, magnetic materials

Vitamin D3 To Reduce Cancer Risk

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that humans produce in the presence of UVB rays. During the 1930's, Professor A. Windaus at the University of Göttingen discovered that Vitamin D deficiency causes bone diseases, and recent research has linked low Vitamin D blood levels to breast, colon, prostrate and other cancers. Many studies are underway to closely examine Vitamin D's anticarcinogenic properties.

About Vitamin D

Vitamin D is one of the few nutrients that the body can self-produce. It occurs naturally in three forms: calciferol, ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol (Vitamin D1, D2 and D3, respectively). Foods such as fish, egg yolks and cod liver oil contain calciferol. Mushrooms, algae and other lower-level organisms contain ergocalciferol. The cholesterol in your skin makes cholecalciferol when it encounters solar rays, but Vitamin D3 is also added to milk and cereals. You can get Vitamin D by eating plenty of these foods, taking supplements or going outside in sunny weather.

Vitamin D's Role in the Body

The body needs Vitamin D to absorb calcium, which is why calcium supplements often come with Vitamin D. Without Vitamin D, the calcium you get from foods or supplements is useless. Vitamin D also helps maintain stable blood levels of calcium.

Besides that, Vitamin D regulates cell activity and growth, stabilizes immune function, reduces inflammation, strengthens muscles, and optimizes cardiovascular function. It often works in concert with calcium, but it can also work independently.

Vitamin D and Cancer

Studies have established an inverse relationship between Vitamin D blood levels and cancer, particularly reproductive cancer. For example, epidemiological studies have shown that men who live near the equator, where there is more sunlight, have lower prostate cancer rates. A 2008 study at the University of Toronto followed 512 women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer since 1996. The women with the lowest Vitamin D levels developed the most aggressive forms of breast cancer.

However, some studies have indicated that there is no relationship. Vitamin D may prevent cancer through its regulatory role in cell growth and activity. But these findings are not conclusive and further research is underway.

Why Deficiency is Common

Getting enough Vitamin D can be challenging. Very few foods naturally contain it. The foods that do have it, such as mushrooms or egg yolks, contain small amounts. Older people or those with metabolic disorders produce little Vitamin D. Moreover, if you live in a northern climate, the sun's rays are not powerful enough to produce Vitamin D from November to March. Additionally, the melanin in dark-hued people's skin blocks UV rays, which might explain why African-Americans have the lowest Vitamin D levels. Due to the risk of skin cancer, lighter-skinned people tend to wear sunscreen or avoid the sun altogether, which puts them at risk for deficiency.

Precautions

To maintain optimal health and possibly minimize cancer risk, doctors recommend getting 15 minutes of sun three times a week or taking a Vitamin D3 supplement. The sun is the most powerful source of Vitamin D, but those who are extremely fair-skinned should take supplements instead. Taking megadoses of Vitamin D can be toxic, and taking cod liver oil can also be toxic due to its high Vitamin A levels.

Tags: blood levels, Vitamin levels, breast cancer, lowest Vitamin, lowest Vitamin levels, studies have, that Vitamin

Medical Biller Job Description & Duties

Medical billers must be able to think analytically.

Medical billers are crucial to the functioning of hospitals, healthcare clinics and nursing homes. They handle all financial transactions from patients and keep thorough records for their employer. With positive job outlooks and minimal training requirements, this can be an attractive position, especially during rough economic times.

Education and Training

A high school diploma or General Education Degree is the standard education required by most employers. Additionally a formal training program in medical billing is required for this position. These classes are available online or at many community colleges and trade schools. They typically last between one and three months. Many offer hands-on experience working with medical billing and give training for the typical computer software used by medical billers. A large number of medical billing clerks are hired to fill entry-level positions. Therefore, previous experience working in the field is not required by all employers, though it is helpful.

Skills

Medical billers must be well-organized, since a large portion of their job involves filing. They must have good communication skills, because they'll be working with employees, patients, and the general public. Billers must be able to answer a phone pleasantly and manage multiple phone lines in a cordial manner. These individuals should understand basic office procedures, computer programs, and medical coding.

Duties

These billing clerks handle the financial aspects of medical offices. They calculate charges, compose bills, and mail them to customers. Medical billers process payments, research patient financial information, and prepare information for collection agencies. They communicate with patients, help them budget, make payment plans, and report delinquent fees. They answer phones and answer questions from insurance companies, healthcare professionals, and patients. Billers back up computer files and process payments for their company.

Work Environment

These individuals spend most of their time in a comfortable office setting. A significant portion of their time is spent working on computers. This can lead to lower back pain, eyestrain, or hands and wrist issues. Typically, they work standard 40-hour work weeks, though some chose to work part-time.

Salary

According to a June 2010 survey from the Payscale website, the average annual salary for a medical biller ranges from $24,969 to $34,703. This equates to an average hourly wage between $11.74 and $15.89. As with all salary information, these figures can vary significantly based on experience, geographic location, and employer.

Job Outlook

Job prospects for medical biller jobs should be good. Employment for this position is expected to grow at a rate faster than average in comparison to other jobs because of streamlined billing departments and growth in the healthcare industry.

Tags: Medical billers, medical billing, billing clerks, experience working, handle financial, Medical billers must, must able

Quit Aflac

The idea of buying supplemental insurance is a good one --- coverage for disabilities, unforeseen medical emergencies and unemployment can mean the difference between financial survival and disaster. Aflac is one company that offers such supplemental insurance. In many cases, the policies do not even come with spending stipulations. But even the best of insurance policies can become more than you can afford or want to spend.

Instructions

1. Call Aflac's customer service center at 800-992-3522.

2. Ask to stop your policy if it is one you purchased independently and not through a payroll deduction plan of your employer's. The customer service representative can cancel a policy you purchased on your own immediately.

3. Wait until open enrollment comes around again (either January or October, in most cases) at your employer if you purchased your policy through a payroll-deduction plan.

4. Inform your employer that you would like to stop paying for Aflac's policies when open enrollment occurs. At that time, your deductions stop and so does your policy.

Tags: your employer, your policy, customer service, open enrollment, policy purchased, purchased your, supplemental insurance

Do You Go On Medicare If You Are Still Working At Age 65

Medicare coverage usually starts at 65 years of age. As an exception, people who have a disability and who qualify to be enrolled in the Social Security Disability program can receive Medicare before age 65. If you have not yet retired and you are 65 years of age, you can enroll in Medicare without any problems or concerns.

Medicare Eligibility

Even if you are still working when you reach 65 years of age, you can still enroll in Medicare. The only difference is that, instead of being automatically enrolled, you must contact the Social Security office to sign up to start your benefits. If you are still working and you have paid (and still pay) Medicare tax, your Medicare Part A coverage is free, and you should sign up to receive its benefits. Medicare Part B (medical insurance), Part C (Advantage plans) and Part D (prescription drug plans) are not free, but you are also eligible to sign up even if you are still working.

Medicare Part A and Part B Enrollment Periods

If you are still working when you turn 65 years of age, you need to contact the Social Security office and tell them that you want to start your Medicare benefits, but that you are still working. You can do this starting from three full months before your 65th birthday to be able to start using your coverage by the first of your month of birth. You can enroll until the last day of the third month after your month of birth, but that means your coverage only starts on the first day of the second month after you apply. If you do not sign up at this moment, you might need to pay a late penalty later on, unless you have group insurance.

Medicare Part C and Part D Enrollment

Even if you are still working, you can enroll in Medicare Part C and Part D at the same time you enroll in Medicare Part A and Part B. However, you also have the option to enroll later during the general enrollment periods for Part C and Part D. As of 2011, the general enrollment period for Part C and Part D starts on October 15th and lasts until December 7th. Signing up for Part C later does not have any consequences. However, unless you have another prescription drug coverage, if you sign up late for Part D, you are required to pay monthly penalties.

Enroll

As mentioned above, you must contact the Social Security office to enroll in Medicare if you are still working when you reach 65 years of age. You can do it by calling them on the number provided in the "Medicare and You" handbook. You can also enroll for Part A and Part B online on the Social Security website, a process that takes around 10 minutes. To enroll for Part C and Part D, you must contact the plan you choose or enroll on the plan's website. (You can find a list of these plans on the Social Security website.)

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What Is A Torn Muscle

Feeling sore after some hard labor? Wondering just exactly what that pain means? Be careful, and make sure you educate yourself on muscle injuries. Torn muscles can be easily mistaken as sore, especially if the tear is mild. Knowing what's wrong is essential to healing your injury--and preventing the next.

Definition

A torn muscle is the same thing as a "strained" or "pulled" muscle. A tear occurs when muscle fibers rip under one of two conditions: under the force of contraction (caused by the stress you place on it) or by repeated and exhaustive stretching (usually the result of over-working the muscle). These tears usually occur near where the muscle attaches to the tendon. The more fibers torn, the worse the overall muscle tear.

Symptoms

Luckily for you, muscle tears are easy to identify. The tears occur abruptly, often feeling like a tightening of the muscles accompanied by pain. In order to tell the difference between a tear and a simple sore muscle, do a self-check: Rather than feeling soreness and pain throughout a number of different muscles, muscle tears are isolated, occurring in a specific part of a muscle. If you have a muscle tear, you should be able to pinpoint the location with a little poking and prodding. And remember, torn muscles are felt instantly. You don't wake up with one.

Misconceptions

While checking for the symptoms, you'll also want to make sure you haven't mistaken a muscle tear for a different kind of isolated muscle injury. According to SaveYourself.ca, this includes charlie horses, cramps, and spasms, muscle knots (usually the result of a muscle spasm), delayed onset muscle soreness (which most of us get after a particularly rigorous or out-of-character workout), or lower back pain, which is often misdiagnosed as the result of muscle strain.

Treatment

According to the SportsDoctor.com, once you have torn a muscle, you should quit exercising immediately and apply ice to the injured area. Continued use of the muscle will only increase the number of fibers torn and the severity of the injury. Wrap the injury in an Ace bandage to apply compression, and elevate the injury to reduce blood flow. In the days following, ice the injury for 15 minutes four times a day. Be careful and cautious when you resume exercising. A re-injury of the torn muscle could become a chronic problem.

Prevention

To avoid torn muscles, simply stretch thoroughly prior to activity. Many injuries occur to muscles that have not been warmed up. If you're engaging in a new activity or one you haven't done for a while, be sure to take it slow and ease yourself into conditioning. It's important to know your limits!

Tags: muscle tear, fibers torn, make sure, muscle tears, result muscle

Read With Developmental Disabilities

Many people discount the validity of teaching persons with developmental disabilities to read. However, a growing body of research indicates that literacy instruction has numerous benefits for general well-being, in addition to accessing print materials. For example, Richard Lockert, of the Saskatchewan Association of Rehabilitation Centres and Jeanette Coombe of the Vocational and Rehabilitation Research Institute describe literacy for developmentally disabled persons as key for increasing expectations, improving self-esteem, increasing employment opportunities and simplifying community living (Lockert and Coombe, 2000). Karen B. Moni and Anne Jobling stated in "LATCH-ON: A Program to Develop Literacy in Young Adults with Down Syndrome" that "In Australia, literacy learning for individuals with an intellectual disability has been viewed as a human rights and equity issue for many years" (Moni and Jobling, 2000).

Instructions

Design the Program

1. Evaluate the learners' present knowledge and skill set. Consider readiness skills, phonemic awareness, sight word knowledge, reading and aural comprehension, phonics, and word analysis skills. Informal evaluation tools are appropriate, including skills surveys and informal reading inventories.

2. Set goals with learners. Effective literacy instruction must begin with the end goals in mind, and these need to be articulated by students and teachers alike. Analyze the goals and create a step-by-step plan for achievement, or objectives. Be sure the objectives are observable and progress is measureable.

3. Locate or design materials that will provide practice on each objective. As far as possible, these should be age appropriate. Consider adult remedial reading materials for older students, for example. Remedia Publications and New Readers' Press are two organizations that offer high-interest, low-vocabulary materials suitable for older learners with special needs. Nonfiction early reading books, such as those produced by the Dorling Kindersley Publishing Company, are a good source of age-appropriate beginning reading material.

4. Choose a format for reading lessons. Learners may benefit from individualized instruction, or expediency may dictate small group classes. The duration and frequency of lessons will impact the learners' rates of progress.

Implement the Program

5. Establish rapport and a pattern of success with students. Begin each lesson with activities that have a high probability of assured success. Students should be able to achieve at least an 80% success rate on most activities. End on positive notes, as well, even if you need to review mastered skills.

6. Monitor students' progress on mastery of objectives. Complete each activity, and give the guidance necessary for success, but record the first independent effort's accuracy. In this way, you will be able to separate unassisted mastery from artificial success, but students will still feel successful.

7. Use simple charts, graphs and other visual records to monitor student progress. As far as possible, allow the students to chart their own achievements. Use the graphics to point out progress to the students.

8. Teach to the level of automaticity. This means that each skill must not only be mastered well enough to be completed with acceptable accuracy, but that it must become automatic with little or no hesitation or stumbling. Build frequent review and maintenance activities into lessons to be sure that previously taught skills continue to be remembered.

Tags: literacy instruction

Questions To Ask A Prospective New Doctor

If you are pregnant or if you are trying to conceive, you need to choose a family physician, an obstetrician or a midwife. Not only will the doctor or midwife confirm your pregnancy, she will make sure your pregnancy gets off on the right start. Ask your prospective doctor some questions to make sure you choose one who is compatible to your needs. This doctor will be responsible for the health of you and your baby.

Skill and Reputation

You want a skilled and reputable doctor. Get a general idea by asking your prospective doctor how long he has been in practice, where he received his training and if he is board certified. Find out which hospital he is affiliated with.

Tests

Ask the doctor what sorts of tests he performs. Some doctors test for certain genetic diseases, especially if any of your relatives have chronic or serious diseases. Ask whether the doctor offers screening tests for Down syndrome and other chromosomal problems or birth defects.

Your Diet and Health

Ask if your doctor or someone at the practice can advise you on what types of foods to eat, what types to avoid, how much weight you should gain and what sorts of prenatal vitamins she prescribes. Your doctor can also explain to you what sorts of discomforts you might experience and let you know when you need immediate attention.

Her Views

Your doctor should advice you on exercise, travel and environment hazards to avoid. You might want to ask your doctor her views on natural childbirth and labor induction, as well as her views on breastfeeding, alternative medicine and parenting issues.

Payment

Ask how the practice handles payment. Find out whether they process insurance claims or if you do that.

Tags: what sorts, make sure, prospective doctor, what types, your doctor

Health Insurance Policy Age Limits For Dependent Children

Medical coverage for kids

Most health insurance policies allow parents to add their dependent children to the policy but only up to a certain age. The age limit is generally age 19 or graduation from college. After that age, dependent children must find their own health insurance.

Statistics

Statistics show that 30% of Americans between the ages of 19 and 29 do not have health insurance. Most often, this group becomes uninsured after losing coverage under a parent's health insurance plan.

Exception

Some states allow dependent children to continue receiving health benefits until age 30 in some cases. The remaining 20 states do not have such rules and the insurance company decides when to end dependent eligibility for health insurance.

Requirements

In states with extended insurability ages, dependents can be on the parents' health insurance as long as they are not married, have no dependents, do not qualify for other insurance, and live in the state.

School Leave

Full-time dependent students can take up to 12 months of leave without having their insurance benefits interrupted.

Continuation Coverage

Dependent children qualify for COBRA continuation coverage for 36 months after losing their dependent status, regardless of age, but must pay the full premium.

Tags: health insurance, dependent children, after losing, health insurance, their dependent

Read A Dexa Scan

DEXA scan measures the density of the bone.

DEXA stands for dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and determines bone density. Bone blocks the low energy X-rays; the denser the bone, the fewer X-rays that will pass through it. DEXA scans are requested to determine the strength of the bone, and are often used in patients who are at an increased risk of osteoporosis, or thinning of the bones. Such patients include post-menopausal women, those who have undergone steroid use and people with low body mass index or recurrent fractures. There are two forms of DEXA scanning machine: one that scans peripheral bones such as the heel or fingers and one that measures the central skeleton such as hips and vertebrae. The amount of X-rays that pass through the bone is detected, and a computer calculates the scores.

Instructions

DEXA Results

1. Find the column marked BMD. This stands for bone mineral density and is the number of grams per centimeter of bone. The greater the number, the stronger the bone. However, because BMD is calculated by using area, it is not always an accurate measurement.

2. Find the column labeled "T score." This score compares the individual's T score with the average bone mineral density of a 30-year-old of the same sex and ethnicity. Thirty is the peak age for bone density. A score of zero means that the BMD is equal to that of a 30-year-old. The difference between the 30-year-old and the patient is measured in standard deviations, which indicate the variability from the average. Scores of -1 or higher are normal, scores between -1 and -2.5 indicate thinning bones and scores of less than -2.5 indicate osteoporosis.

3. Find the column labeled "Z score." This compares the individual's bone mineral density with that of a person the same age, sex and ethnicity. It can indicate an underlying disease or disorder that is causing the low bone density.

4. View the scan. Artifacts and abnormal bone structure can cause inaccurate results and should be taken into account. Repeat scans should be taken from the same area to be able to accurately determine changes.

Tags: bone density, bone mineral, bone mineral density, Find column, mineral density

What Does Cancer Look Like In Dogs

What Does Cancer Look Like in Dogs?

Cancer is common in dogs. Because cancerous tumors can grow on virtually any part of the dog--including bones, blood, skin and organs--it can look like many other conditions or illnesses. Understanding the types of cancer that may be common to your dog's breed can help you know what to look for. Although symptoms of cancer can be ambiguous, your vet should know the clinical signs.

Types

There are dozens of canine cancers. Some of the more common include leukemia, which is a cancer of the bone marrow and white blood cells, and lymphoma, which can spread rapidly through the dog's lymphatic system. Bone cancer, common in some large and giant-breed dogs, attacks bones and joints and sometimes originates in connective tissue such as ligaments and cartilage. Dogs are much more susceptible to skin cancer than humans. There are also cancers specific to all the organs, including the thyroid gland, kidneys, lungs and reproductive organs. Symptoms are different for each type of cancer.

Symptoms

Although most cancer symptoms can easily be confused for other conditions, Dr. Lisa Carlson writes in the "Dog Owner's Home Veterinary Handbook" of warning signs that should not be ignored: sudden changes in urinating or defecating, and changes in eating or drinking habits; rapid weight loss, especially if the dog is still eating normally; lumps and swellings that don't go away or are growing, and sores that don't heal; and changes in energy level, such as sleeping too much, unwillingness to play or exercise and lethargy.

Don't ignore signs of pain, such as limping or whining. Dogs in pain may also become aggressive. Brain cancer can also change temperament, or affect eyesight and hearing.

Understand Breed Risks

Mixed-breed and purebred dogs are at risk for cancer. Some breeds are very susceptible to particular cancers, and knowing your dog's breed (or predominant breed, if mixed) risk can alert you to symptoms to heed. Research the breed online; most breed club websites have information on breed health (see Resources below).

Size, Age and Reproductive Status

Generally, middle-aged and older dogs are more likely to get cancer. Intact females are prone to mammary cancer. The first symptoms will be lumps along her teats. Bone cancer affects almost exclusively large and giant-breed dogs. Look for sudden limping or swelling on the legs, jaw or skull. Lymphoma and organ cancers usually make a dog unwilling to eat and lethargic. Sores that don't heal may indicate skin cancer.

Diagnosis

There is no single test that generally detects cancer. A basic blood chemistry test showing high levels of white blood cells, excess calcium in the blood or organ malfunction may indicate the possibility of cancer, but this isn't a definitive test.

Some benign tumors (called fatty lymphomas) are common in older dogs. These are soft lumps and can be pea-sized to golf ball-sized. They look the same as some malignant tumors but usually are easy to move under the skin, whereas malignant tumors feel more firmly attached. Your veterinarian can do a simple needle biopsy and examine the cells under a microscope to determine if it's cancerous.

Tags: blood cells, Bone cancer, Cancer Look, Cancer Look Like, Does Cancer, Does Cancer Look

Questions For The Interviewee To Ask In An Interview

Job interviews should be interactive.

Think of your next job interview as a conversation about a proposed merger of your skills and talents with the needs and resources of the prospective new employer. Having this mindset will level the playing field between you and your interviewer and will empower you to ask all the right questions that will possibly lead to a job offer. Asking the right questions and taking notes during your interview can also prevent you from making a costly mistake in accepting an offer from an employer you really won't like.

Questions About the Nature of the Job

Show your investment in the prospective job by asking questions about the nature of the work, the team on which you'll be working and the typical challenges of the position. Asking these questions should get information from the hiring manager that's not in the ad or the job description. Ask the interviewer to describe a typical day such as, "What would I see if I came here at 6 p.m.? Would most people still be here?" Ask the interviewer what it takes to succeed at the job.

Reconnaissance Questions

You should also ask questions that let you know whether you are about to land in hostile territory. Ask questions to determine why your predecessor left, whether you would like the job and whether any deal breakers are part of the terms of the job. Ask why the position vacant and qualities the previous job holder lacked that made him unsuccessful. Ask about the best and worst aspects of the company's culture and what their average turnover rate is for positions at this level. Ask about how they make decisions and about management styles.

Positioning Questions

You also want to ask questions that give you feedback on where you stand in the hiring process and what your competition is like. If you are sure, you should also ask for the job. These questions will give you bargaining power later on should you receive an invitation to join the team. Ask how long the position been open and how many rounds of interviews they expect. Ask when they will make a decision and what your interviewer would like to see from you to make the job offer.

Questions About the Future

Find out about the safety of your prospective jobs by asking questions about the company's financial health and plans for growth. Although you may not get direct figures, you will get a sense of how confident your interviewer is in the answer. Ask the interviewer, "What's in the company's strategic plan for the next five years and how does my department fit into the plan;" "I see the organization's competitors are branching into X new markets, does this organization plan to follow suit;" "Describe your commitment to social responsibility."

Must-Ask Questions

Find out what's next in the hiring process. You need to be prepared to have a second interview, take a test or submit to whatever the organization's procedure is. You also need to know when you should expect to hear back from the company and how the hiring manager prefers you to follow-up. Ask questions like "How soon can I expect to hear from you;" "Is it okay if I follow up with you via email if I have any more questions;" and "How can I help you make a decision?"

Tags: questions that, your interviewer, asking questions, asking questions about, expect hear, hiring manager, hiring process

Prognosis & Treatment Of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Prognosis and treatment of metastatic breast cancer is determined by the extent and location of metastases. Common locations for metastatic breast cancer to appear include the brain, liver, lung, bone or lymph nodes.

Staging

In order to determine if the breast cancer has spread to other organs, a process called staging must occur. This is done by identifying the size of the tumor in the breast, lymph node involvement and the distance from the breast where other cancer is identified. For example, according to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, stage IV breast cancer shows the existence of cancer in lymph nodes near the collarbone or in organs such as the brain, lungs and liver.

Significance

Early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is critical to long-term survival. The chances for a five-year survival rate drops dramatically from a stage I breast cancer to a stage IV.

Diagnosis

Tests such as a bone scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scan or positron emission tomography (PET) scan, along with a blood profile to look for various cancer markers, may be performed to determine the existence and extent of metastatic breast cancer.

Treatment

According to imaginis.com, the most common region metastatic breast cancer is found is in the bones, followed by the lungs and liver. Regardless of the location, the focus is primarily on comfort. Treatment may include surgical removal of the tumor and/or some type of chemotherapy. Radiation therapy may be included as a palliative measure to reduce tumor size.

Prognosis

The prognosis for metastatic breast cancer is much improved over past decades, where it was almost a certain death sentence. According to Breastcancer.org, advancements in early detection and new treatment regimens offer hope for living a productive and long life.

Warning

Pay attention to warning signs of metastatic breast cancer. For anyone living with the diagnosis of breast cancer, it is imperative to be aware of changes that would suggest other areas of the body may be affected. These signs may include unexplained pain, swelling, fatigue, or mental and emotional changes.

Tags: metastatic breast, breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, breast cancer, breast cancer, lungs liver, lymph nodes

Symptoms Of A Pulled Rib Muscle

Symptoms of a Pulled Rib Muscle

A strenuous workout or using poor techniques to lift a heavy object can cause you to pull a muscle near your ribs. The symptoms of a pulled rib muscle can usually be treated at home with rest and over-the-counter pain relievers, but if your pain doesn't go away, you may need a prescription from your doctor.

Stiffness

A pulled muscle in your rib may cause you to experience stiffness in your upper body, including your chest, shoulders and neck.

Swelling

You may notice swelling around your ribs, chest and breast area after pulling a rib muscle. The swelling can range from mild to severe.

Bruising

Bruises may develop on your skin in the area where you pulled the muscle, although they may extend outward, if the pull was serious.

Pain

Pain in your chest, ribs, back, shoulders and neck may result from a pulled rib muscle, and can result in a temporary inability to lift objects or bend at the waist.

Weakness

Your upper body muscles may feel weak and tender after pulling a rib muscle, as a result of small tears in the muscles and tendons. Full strength may not return for several weeks.

Difficulty Breathing

You may experience difficulty breathing after pulling a muscle in your ribs, especially when you take a deep breath or participate in physical activity.

Tags: after pulling, after pulling muscle, pulled muscle, pulling muscle, your ribs, muscle result

Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Schools In Philadelphia

Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Schools in Philadelphia

Several schools in Philadelphia offer programs in diagnostic medical sonography, or ultrasound. Diagnostic medical sonographers, also called ultrasonographers, use sound waves to create an image of the inside of the body, especially the abdomen, to help physicians diagnose and detect injury or disease. Sonographers or ultrasound technicians are most well known for giving a pregnant woman the first glimpse of her baby, but the discipline is actually broader and includes training in using ultrasound to survey other parts of the body.

Thomas Jefferson University

Thomas Jefferson University offers three tracks for sonography in the Department of Radiologic Sciences: general sonographer (ultrasound), cardiac sonography and vascular sonography. The university offers two programs: a one-year advanced certificate for students already holding a bachelor's degree and Bachelor of Science program. "A baccalaureate degree offers the most opportunities for advancement," the school says. Students also can study education or management during the second year of schooling. Sonographers or ultrasound technicians also learn explain procedures to patients, take medical history and operate equipment accurately and safely.

Thomas Jefferson University

School of Health Professions

Department of Radiologic Sciences

130 S. 9th Street, Suite 800

Edison, Philadelphia, PA 19107

215-503-8890

jefferson.edu

Albert Einstein Medical Center

The Albert Einstein Medical Center's School of Radiologic Technology offers a non-degreed certificate in radiologic technology, a program which includes specialized ultrasound training in the teaching hospital. The 24-month program includes classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. The department is fully digital, according to its website, with an entire section devoted to mammography.

Albert Einstein Medical Center

School of Radiologic Technology

5501 Old York Road

Philadelphia, PA 19141

215-456-6234

einstein.edu

Drexel University

Students at Drexel University study sonography in order to get either an associate's or bachelor's degree as part of the Medical and Health Professionals Studies program. Radiography education includes classroom instruction and clinic duty in the 21-month program. Students can do clinical rotations at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia and Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital in Darby, Pennsylvania.

Drexel University

College of Nursing and Health Professions

Bellet Building

1505 Race St., MS 501

Philadelphia, PA 19102

215-762-3990

drexel.edu

Sanford-Brown Institute

The Philadelphia-Trevose campus of Sanford-Brown offers a Certificate of Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound. Students study anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology, and learn to recognize the sonographic patterns of internal organs. It also offers a program in cardiovascular sonography/technology, which is the use of similar technology to detect heart disease and other conditions.

Sanford-Brown Institute

Allied Health Diagnostic

3600 Horizon Blvd.

Suite GL-1

Trevose , PA 19053

215-355-4908

sanfordbrown.edu

Tags: Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Medical, Diagnostic Medical, Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound, Drexel University, Einstein Medical, Einstein Medical Center

Reduce Fibrocystic Nodules

Wearing a bra with good support can ease symptoms of fibrocystic nodules.

Fibrocystic nodules are noncancerous but often painful lumps and cysts in the breasts. Fibrocystic nodules are caused by blockages in the breast ducts, which cause a buildup of fluid. These blockages often lead to scar tissue or fibrous tissue, which is the source of the often painful lumps. Despite myths that fibrocystic nodules create an increased risk for breast cancer, experts at the Mayo Clinic say that such claims are so far unsubstantiated.

Instructions

1. See your family physician about any new changes in your breasts before pursuing treatment on your own. Ask your family physician about medication options for reducing the symptoms of fibrocystic nodules. Danazol, a medication commonly prescribed for endometriosis, has also shown successful symptomatic relief for fibrocystic nodules.

2. Wait for fibrocystic nodules to resolve on their own. If they do not resolve in a timely manner, your family physician may refer you to a specialist.

3. Treat nodules symptomatically. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Ibuprofen have shown to reduce swelling and tenderness. Consult your physician when taking NSAIDs for an extended length of time.

4. Try oral vitamins such as vitamin B6 or evening primrose oil for symptomatic relief of fibrocystic breasts. Follow the directions provided by the manufacturer for over-the-counter vitamin B6. Take 1,000 mg of evening primrose oil two to three times daily as directed by your physician.

5. Try reducing caffeine and salt in your diet to reduce your symptoms. You can also try taking an over- the-counter iodine supplement to reduce your risk of future development of fibrocystic nodules.

Tags: family physician, fibrocystic nodules, your family, your family physician, evening primrose

Job Description For A Hospital Housekeeper

Hospital housekeeping is the process of keeping a medical facility or institution clean, sanitary, and well-maintained in keeping with federal, state, and local health codes and regulations. Hospital housekeepers are the workers responsible for the upkeep and cleaning of hospital facilities.

Linens

On a daily basis, hospitals utilize large quantity of linens--such as bedding, gowns and scrubs. Hospital housekeepers are responsible for gathering, washing, ironing, folding, inspecting, and mending all of the linens used by their facility.

Locations

Hospital housekeepers are responsible for maintaining the appearance and sanitation of all areas in a hospital, including wards, diagnostic testing rooms, waiting areas, staff areas, examination rooms, and operating rooms. Thus, they are responsible for attending to the floors, windows, walls, and examination surfaces in any and all of these areas.

Patient Rooms

In areas where patients stay, hospital housekeepers are responsible for supplying fresh linens and keeping the bathrooms, floors and other surfaces clean and sanitary. When a patient is discharged or move to another room, it falls upon housekeepers to disinfect the rooms with specialized cleaning agents meant to kill germs and prevent the spread of disease and illness.

Garbage and Waste

Hospital housekeepers empty waste containers and receptacles an trash from all areas of the hospital. Once it is collected, housekeepers are responsible for disposing of trash, recyclables and medical waste according to hospital policies and procedures.

Maintenance

The housekeeping department is responsible for scheduling routine maintenance of repairs of heating, cooling, water, and sewage systems. Housekeepers may be asked to telephone professionals or to assist them while they are present in the hospital.

Tags: housekeepers responsible, Hospital housekeepers, areas hospital, clean sanitary

Employee Advantages To Preemployment Drug Screening

Taking employer drug tests has benefits.

Although a drug test generally requires five to 10 minutes for prospective employees to take, professionals tend to focus on the downsides of the tests when they apply for a job. However,employees have advantages when they go through the pre-employment drug screening process.

Lower Insurance Costs

Employers that regularly conduct pre-employment drug screenings experience fewer health crises and worker's compensation claims. This, in turn, can reduce the employer's group insurance costs. As employers' group insurance rates are decreased, employers can pass these savings onto their employees and offer them lower health insurance premiums.

Improved Team Morale

Drug and alcohol usage by employees results in higher incidences of these employees calling in sick to work. Workers with a criminal background who commit crimes after they land a job have to take time away from work to attend court proceedings. Managers and supervisors often ask these employees' colleagues to work longer hours to complete work that the absent employee was assigned to complete. Not only can this result in lowered morale, it also lowers a group's or an entire organization's productivity. When employers require all hiring candidates to submit to pre-employment screenings, they reduce their chances of hiring people who commit criminal acts and leave the company short-handed for longer periods of time. They also lower their chances of hiring drug and alcohol abusers, people who have a higher likelihood of calling out from work due to feeling ill.

Instills Employer Trust

If employers require all hiring candidates to submit to background checks, credit report screenings and drug and alcohol tests, they avoid giving off the impression that they are only targeting certain types of professionals for testing. Employees who submit to pre-screenings and who pass the tests have their employer's confidence that they likely lead a drug-free lifestyle. Their employers are more likely to trust them to count money, work with budgets and handle confidential or classified information. Employees who pass pre-employment drug screenings might also earn their employer's trust to open and close a business location (e.g. restaurant, retail store).

Reduced Accidents

Accidents are reduced when workers remain drug and alcohol free on the job. Employees who work at organizations that conduct widespread pre-employment drug and alcohol screenings have an increased opportunity to work in a safe environment. Also, employees who pass drug and alcohol tests, criminal background checks and credit report pre-screenings are less likely to commit acts of violence on the job. This helps keeps employees safer.

Tags: drug alcohol, pre-employment drug, alcohol tests, background checks, background checks credit, candidates submit

What Are Some Of The Things That Xray Technicians Do

Radiographic technologists, better known as X-ray technicians, form a bridge between you and your radiologist. They provide your doctor the information, in form of X-rays, which helps him identify the appropriate method of treatment applicable to you. An X-ray technician is required to have at least an associate degree in radiology.

Working With Patients

X-ray technicians work with patients even though they might not play any direct role in the treatment process. Technicians check the patients for any article, clothing or otherwise, that may be intrusive to the X-ray. They keep all patient records and documentation to fix the amount and type of metals while taking the image. Technicians also specify the stance and position a patient should assume to ensure maximum visibility of area under investigation in the X-ray picture. X-ray technicians may also perform other tests on the patient, if required, before taking the X-ray image.

Patient Shielding

X-ray involves radioactive radiations; in small doses, they are quite harmless. But if a patient needs to take multiple X-ray images, it could adversely affect his health for a short time, if not in the long run. Consequently, the X-ray technician takes measures to minimize the risk of radiation by a method called patient shielding. It involves placing shields of aprons made of lead (a metal that blocks radiation) on parts of the patient's body that need not be photographed. The X-ray machines are also adjusted in such a way that the beams cover only a limited area.

Communicate With Medical Staff

An X-ray technician obtains the X-ray images of a patient for the benefit of the doctor; hence, he must staunchly follow the physician's instructions. The physician will diagnose the injury or wound on the basis of the X-ray the technician procures, so every small detail the physician provides is important to the technician. If any problem arises, regarding the X-ray image, the technician must promptly contact the physician who prescribed it and work with her to get rid of the glitches. The technician must also be up-to-date about the departments to which the X-ray images must be sent, so as to not misplace the vital data.

Equipment Maintenance

Of all the other jobs, maintaining the X-ray machine and related equipments is probably the most important aspect of the technician's work. They are responsible for the efficiency of the equipment, which must be always neat and ready for use. They must maintain a record of the number of X-rays taken along with other necessary details, so they can be reviewed by supervising authorities at any given time. Maintaining the X-ray films and keeping a good standard is their duty too. The technician must coordinate with his assistants to keep the X-ray room clean and sterile.

Tags: X-ray technician, technician must, X-ray images, X-ray technicians, work with, X-ray image

Opera In The 1920s

The 1921 death of Italian tenor Enrico Caruso marked the end of an era.

The 1920s may be known as the Jazz Age, but the world's premier opera houses staged some of that decade's most dramatic performances and productions. It was an eventful time in all the performing arts -- especially music. From the death of legendary Italian tenor Enrico Caruso to innovative theatrical works staged in Paris and Berlin, the 1920s were exciting years for opera.

Paris Opera

Paris flourished with artistic and cultural activity in the 1920s. Some of the most celebrated artists were Russian migr s like composer Igor Stravinsky and renowned impresario Sergei Diaghilev, who founded the Ballets Russes. Stravinsky's Russian-themed comic opera, Mavra, opened at the Paris Opera in 1922, staged with the help of Diaghilev. The following year marked the premiere of Albert Roussel's "Padmâvâti," an Indian-inspired opera-ballet. The Paris Opera thrived during the 1920s with a mix of classical, neoclassical and avant-garde productions.

Staatsoper Berlin

Between the end of World War I and Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, Germany underwent a period of cultural transformation. As the capital of the Weimar Republic, Berlin was an important center of performing arts. The Berlin State Opera (Staatsoper), established in the 1700s, set the stage for radical changes in operatic and musical theater. In 1925 Alban Berg's expressionist opera, "Wozzeck," had its scandalous world premiere. Condemned by the Nazis as "decadent art," it stands the test of time as an influential German-language opera. Three years later, "The Threepenny Opera" -- Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht's musical comedy masterpiece -- opened at the Staatsoper to mixed reviews but later garnered popular appeal.

The Metropolitan Opera

Enrico Caruso, the superstar of New York's Metropolitan Opera, gave his last performance in 1920. His death the following year was mourned throughout the music world. Without a true successor, Caruso's roles went to other tenors such as Beniamino Gigli and Giovanni Martinelli. Famed baritone Laurence Tibbett and soprano Rosa Ponselle made their debuts at the Met mid-decade. In 1926 the company staged the American premiere of Giacomo Puccini's final opera, "Turandot," which received rave reviews. After the Wall Street crash of 1929, the Met lost its Gilded Age nest egg and had to seek new sources of funding.

Teatro alla Scala

World-famous conductor Arturo Toscanini served as music director of Milan's La Scala (Teatro alla Scala) throughout the 1920s. An outspoken critic of Benito Mussolini's regime, he refused to lead the Fascist national anthem, "Giovinezza," before his concerts. In 1926 he conducted the European premiere of Puccini's "Turandot," left incomplete after the composer's death, with soprano Rosa Raisa in the title role opposite her husband, baritone Giacomo Rimini. Later in the decade, Toscanini astonished La Scala audiences with modernist scores by Arthur Honegger and Igor Stravinsky.

Tags: Enrico Caruso, Paris Opera, alla Scala, following year, Igor Stravinsky, Italian tenor, Italian tenor Enrico

Common African American Diseases

With advancements in health and nutrition, people are living longer than ever. Yet some diseases continue to plague people. For those in the African-American community, some conditions affect them at a higher rate than those of other ethnic groups. The diseases themselves and the reasons behind them vary, but they all have definite, and in some cases, life-threatening consequences. Often, proper nutrition and a doctor's care can help treat or prevent them from becoming a problem.

AIDS

In the nearly 30 years since the first AIDS cases were reported the virus has become a worldwide epidemic. Despite AIDS-related education programs increasing, the spread of the disease has still been staggering. Even more staggering are the numbers of AIDS cases in the African-American community.

As recently as 2006, Black Americans made up 45 percent of new AIDS cases despite being just 13 percent of the population. That same year, gay and bisexual black men under the age of 30 accounted for more new HIV cases than any other race or age group.

The death rate among African-Americans was also disproportionately large in 2006. While the number of total deaths dropped by nearly 14 percent from the previous year, the number still represented more than half of the HIV- and AIDS-related deaths in the United States.

Asthma

While not all of the causes for asthma are known, the condition has affected the African-American and Hispanic communities more than any other. Some studies have suggested that genetics play a large role in a person's susceptibility to asthma, with people of African descent being more likely to suffer. It is also known that children from poor families are generally exposed to more asthma-causing agents like cigarette smoke and other airborne pollutants.

What is undeniable is that African-American children are two-and-a-half times more likely to be hospitalized for asthma symptoms and are seven times more likely to die from asthma than their white counterparts.

Coronary Heart Disease

African-Americans are less likely to be diagnosed with heart disease compared to other ethnic groups, but are more likely to die from it. Traditionally, diet has been a main contributing factor. Blacks have historically enjoyed high-fat, high-cholesterol diets featuring greasy, salty fried foods. Additionally, African-Americans have a higher rate of obesity, with black women being almost twice as likely to be severely overweight as their white counterparts.

Diabetes

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in the African-American community. More than 2.5 million black men and women over the age of 20 are affected, with one-third of them unaware of it. Nearly a quarter of all African-Americans over the age of 65 suffer from diabetes as well.

As with asthma, researchers have tried to establish a link between genetics and diabetes. Studies have discussed a gene traced back to African immigrants that helped control weight gain during times of famine and times of plenty. But in the U.S., with fewer cycles of famine, weight gain became harder to regulate, making people more susceptible to diabetes. Other factors include diet and a lack of physical activity.

While death rates due to diabetes have declined, African-Americans are still extremely likely to suffer from many of the other consequences of the disease, including kidney failure, blindness and amputations.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a condition in which cells take an abnormal, rigid shape (generally resembling a sickle). Because of the lack of flexibility in the cells, complications ranging from jaundice to stroke and renal failure can occur. The prevalence of the disease in the United States is approximately 1 in 5,000 in the general population, but that number is significantly reduced in African-Americans, with about 1 in 12 carrying the sickle cell trait.

At this point, there is no cure for the condition, but developing treatments have been able to lessen the symptoms and increase life expectancy.

Tags: more likely, African-American community, AIDS cases, black women, ethnic groups

Detect Bone Cancer In Dogs

Like people, dogs can develop a variety of cancers, including bone cancer. But unless you know what to look for, it is unlikely that you will detect the warning signs in your dog. Once you are aware of these signs, if your dog develops bone cancer you will stand a better chance of helping him survive.

Instructions

1. Determine if you have a dog that is particularly susceptible to bone cancer. Generally, larger breeds like St. Bernards, Irish Setters, Great Danes and Golden Retrievers are more likely to develop bone cancer than smaller breeds. If you have a larger-breed dog, you need to be particularly aware of the warning signs.

2. Look for lameness. Bone cancer in dogs tends to develop in the hind legs above the knee or in the foreleg near the carpel (wrist) bone. Both of these spots will become inflamed and painful, resulting in lameness. If your dog appears lame in either of these areas, consult a veterinarian immediately.

3. Check for swelling. When you are clipping your dog's nails, make it a habit to check his toes, legs and haunches for swelling. With or without the presence of pain, swelling in these areas can indicate a tumor. If you find swelling, get your dog to the vet.

4. If you suspect a tumor, have X-rays done to confirm or refute your suspicions. It is not hard to identify bone cancer with X-rays, since it appears as a lesion on the bone and is usually fairly obvious in early stages.

Tags: bone cancer, bone cancer, signs your, these areas, warning signs

Ultrasound Technologist School In Idaho

Only Boise State University has an accredited ultrasound technician program.

Job opportunities for ultrasound technicians are expected to grow as the population ages, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Most ultrasound technicians can complete their training in one to two years through a diagnostic medical sonography program. The Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs lists Boise State University as the only school in Idaho with an accredited diagnostic medical sonography program.

The Program

The Boise State Diagnostic Medical Sonography program is offered through the school's radiological sciences department. The program is one year and is intended for students who are earning or have earned a degree in a health-related field, such as radiography or nursing. The program prepares students to use ultrasound equipment to perform abdominal, obstetric and gynecology ultrasounds and to interpret the images.

Admission Requirements

Students must be registered or licensed in their original health field and must have successfully passed their health field's national examination by August 15 of the year accepted. Students also must have completed general education prerequisites in English, biology, chemistry, math and psychology and have a 3.0 GPA or above. Preference is given to radiologic technologists. The school also requires a criminal background check.

Tuition and fees

Idaho residents can expect to pay about $9,650 to complete the program, which includes one fall, one spring and one summer semester. Nonresidents should add $4,288 to tuition and $2,383 for fall and spring semester fees.

Boise State University

Radiologic Sciences Department

1910 University Drive

Boise, ID 83712

208-426-1996

Radsci.boisestate.edu

Tags: Boise State, Boise State University, State University, fall spring, health field, medical sonography program

Birthday Party Centerpieces Homemade Ideas

Designing your own table centerpieces for a birthday party not only allows you to express your creativity but also saves money. Customize handmade centerpieces to suit the theme of the party or pay tribute to the guest of honor. The homemade decorations will serve as conversation starters because they provide more interest than store-bought embellishments. Does this Spark an idea?

Photo Collage

Gather small photo frames in colors that match the party decorations. Fill them with pictures taken of the birthday honoree over the years. Choose compatible images like portraits, silly faces, vacation shots or eye-catching candid photos, for example. Arrange the frames on stack of books or boxes to create a dynamic presentation with varying height. For a more formal look, print three photos on transparent vellum paper and affix the images inside acrylic box frames with the cardboard backings removed. Stand the frames in a triangular arrangement and place a battery-powered tea light in the center to illuminate the centerpiece.

Favorite Objects

Design birthday party centerpieces that are free and still reflect the birthday honoree's personality. Create an arrangement of objects that signify a hobby, achievement or favorites. If you're making a homemade centerpiece for a child's birthday party, for example, assemble a cluster of beloved toys. For an adult's birthday, gather and arrange preferred movies, compact discs or items used during a favorite pastime like fishing or golf.

Water

Create quick, handmade birthday centerpieces by adding water to shallow glass bowls until each one is half full. Place colorful floating candles, the guest of honor's favorite flower blooms or bath toys on the water. As a whimsical centerpiece, fill the bowls with toy boats that carry flags bearing the birthday honoree's age or birth date.

Art Project

Instead of using pre-assembled centerpieces, place a large terracotta pot filled with vibrant markers, glitter glue, stickers and rubber stamps in the center of each table. Invite guests to take turns decorating the pots. Ask them to write short messages to the guest of honor, along with appropriate birthday sentiments, well wishes, movie quotes or song lyrics.

Double-duty Centerpieces

Assemble birthday centerpieces that are more than just decorative items. Place tiered snack dishes or stack pretty glass cake stands in the center of the table and fill them with colorful finger foods. Try fresh vegetables, candy and nuts in decorative cupcake wrappers, finger sandwiches or sugar cookies, for example. Or make kebabs with chunks of seasonal fruits and stand them in wide-mouthed flower vases to resemble traditional floral centerpieces.

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Cure Ovarian Cysts & Uterine Fibroids

Ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids are two problems that commonly affect women. In many cases, they go away on their own, without requiring treatment. However, they can cause pain and other symptoms, especially if they grow to be very large. In such a case, it may be in a woman's best interest to look into a treatment or cure.

Instructions

Treat Ovarian Cysts

1. See your doctor for a diagnosis. Ovarian cysts are sacks that form on a woman's ovaries and are normally filled with fluid. However, some cysts are solid, partially solid, or filled with teeth and other tissues.

2. Wait several weeks, with your doctor's approval, to see whether your ovarian cyst will shrink and go away on its own if you are in your childbearing years, are not experiencing symptoms and have a cyst that is filled with fluid. According to WomenHealth.gov, some cysts may resolve on their own within a few weeks or months. However, they may reoccur at any time.

3. Have a laparoscopy, which involves removing the cyst through a small incision near your navel. This treatment may be used for smaller cysts that don't shrink by themselves as well as those that are partially solid or solid.

4. Opt for laparotomy for a larger cyst and those that may be cancerous. This treatment involves taking the cyst out through larger cuts in the abdomen.

5. Have your ovaries removed for a permanent cure. This is the only way to get rid of ovarian cysts permanently.

Treat Uterine Fibroids

6. Go to your doctor to determine whether you have fibroids, which are benign (not cancerous) growths that develop in the wall of a woman's uterus.

7. Consider watchful waiting if your fibroids aren't causing troublesome symptoms, such as heaving bleeding and pain. This involves waiting for your fibroids to shrink on their own when you reach menopause and your hormone levels change.

8. Ask your doctor to prescribe hormones to attempt to shrink your fibroids.

9. Undergo myomectomy, a surgical option that removes the fibroids but leaves your uterus in place. This preserves your ability to bear children in the future.

10. Choose myolysis to get rid of uterine fibroids. Myolysis uses electrical current to destroy them.

11. Try endometrial ablation. If you choose this treatment, your doctor will use heat, microwave energy, or electricity to destroy the lining of your uterus as well as any fibroids in your uterine wall.

12. Select uterine artery embolization as your treatment method. This treatment involves cutting off blood flow to the fibroids, so they cannot grow and thrive.

13. Have a hysterectomy, which is an operation to remove your uterus. This is the only permanent method of curing uterine fibroids.

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Dna Testing Laws

A handmade DNA model

DNA testing is one of the most accurate assessments of identifying individuals as well as what individuals are related to each other. This has led to much more accuracy in paternity testing as well as in solving criminal cases.

DNA Testing

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid and is found in the cells of the body. It is the blueprint that determines biological characteristics and is derived half from each parent. Each person's DNA is unique to that individual. DNA testing provides answers to questions such as the paternity of a child as well as to identify what individual was in a particular locale.

How DNA Tests Are Performed

Samples are collected independently and sent to a laboratory that specializes in DNA testing. Samples can either be hair, saliva, cells from the inside of the cheek, blood or anything that may contain DNA.

The DNA is then extracted and purified from other components in the sample. The DNA is then run through a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the sections of DNA. This amplification process copies the microsatellite markers within the DNA millions of times to ensure there are enough copies for testing. Once the markers have been amplified, they are placed into an automatic DNA analyzer which separates them by size.

After these results are gathered, statistical analysis is performed upon the donors for all the DNA markers for each specific test. These results are then given to the person who requested the test.

Legal Admissibility of DNA Tests

As well as having several ways to perform DNA tests, there are also two different types of tests: a home test and a legal test. A home-based DNA test is typically cheaper due to lack of collection fees and notary signature, and is private and convenient because the test can be preformed within your own home. These tests are not admissible in court due to a lack of chain of custody.

For a DNA test to be admissible in court, the samples need to be collected by an impartial third party and chain of custody rules for the handling of the samples need to be followed. The test needs to be performed by a laboratory that is accredited by a body designated by the federal Secretary of Health and Human Services.

DNA Testing for Relationships

In custody and child support cases, DNA tests are usually called paternity tests and are used to determine whether a particular man is the biological father of a child. Testing can be done before the baby is born by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) as early as the 10th week of pregnancy or about the 15th week with amniocentesis.

Other applications of a paternity test can include the identification of an adopted child's biological family, confirmation of parentage of children conceived by in vitro fertilization, and matching the biological parents to newborns who might be switched at birth accidentally.

In other cases, DNA relationship tests are performed in order to show a family relationship between the two people sampled. Examples of this include determining parentage for insurance or inheritance claims, confirming relationships of reunited brothers and sisters and proving a familial relationship to a citizen of a particular country in order to qualify for immigration status.

DNA Testing for Crime-Solving

While DNA evidence is taken in to consideration in newer criminal cases, there is a movement for DNA testing in older cases, especially ones involving the death penalty.

According to The Justice Project, "post-conviction DNA testing has led to the exoneration of more than 200 wrongfully convicted individuals in the United States."

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